
Qass_JSB-257 

Book ^Li-i , ~ 




May kHugh e-L, xirt. ' 



THE ENTRANCE totEeERENCH CHURCH 
in tk^TDSlex croft of CanXeEb-ary CatEedxai . 



OF THE 

FRENCH, WALLOON, DUTCH, 

AND OTHER 

FOREIGN PROTESTANT REFUGEES 

SETTLED IN ENGLAND, 

Jrom tf>e 3&eign of Icnrg VMS., to t$i ^Dotation of tfa 3Efcta of Nantes: 

WITH 

NOTICES OF THEIR TRADE AND COMMERCE, 

COPIOUS EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTERS, 

LISTS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS, MINISTERS, &c, &c. 

AND 

an &ppsnfctx, 

CONTAINING COPIES OF THE CHARTER OF EDWARD VL, &c. 



BY JOHN SOUTHERBEN BURN, 

AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF PARISH REGISTERS. — THE HISTORY OF 
THE FLEET REGISTERS, &C, &C- 



aJ 




SEAL OF THE FRENCH CHURCH AT NORWICH. 

LONDON: 

LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS. 



MDCCCXLVI. 






BLACK.ET, PRINTER, NEWBURY, 






By the same Author 



THE HISTORY OF PARISH REGISTERS IN ENGLAND. 

1829. (out of print.) 

" The contents are not only highly curious, but in many instances amusing. 
We may commend the Book, not only as containing much that is useful in 
itself, but because it suggests a better system of registering, &c, &c." The 
Times. 

LITRE DES ANGLOIS A GENEVE. 

With a few biographical notes. 8vo., 2s. 6d. (A verbatim copy of the 
Register, in the Archives of Geneva, of arrivals, baptisms, marriages, and 
burials of the English Refugees there, hi the year 1555.) 

THE HISTORY OF THE FLEET REGISTERS. 

8vo., 6s., Third Edition. 

"A right curious and instructive work." — " Smollett and others have 
sketched some of the scenes, but we have nowhere so complete a view of 
this striking portion of the manners of the times." Literary Gazette. 

" For many curious facts and memorandums, we refer the reader to the 
volume." Athen^um. 

"Mr. John Southerden Burn, to whom the public are already indebted 
for a curious History of Parish Registers, has directed his researches into this 
devious path of reading, and from an examination of these extraordinary doc- 
uments, has compiled an amusing as well as useful little work." The Times. 

"All the collateral notices, historical, local, and personal, which he has 
allied with it, constitute together one of the pleasantest volumes which it 
has been our fortune of late to peruse." Monthly Review. 



\ 



v^ 

^ 



PREFACE. 



"A Frenchman, a Briton, a Dane, and a Saxon, make an 
Englishman." There is more truth in this saying than may 
be easily credited. We may pass over our Saxon and Norman 
connexions, and the unwelcome visits of our Danish neigh- 
bours, but we shall certainly find that the settlement here of 
the Refugees in the reigns of Elizabeth and James the II., 
will bear out this old adage, so far as it asserts the admixture 
of French blood in our veins ; for it is surprising how many 
English families have descended from, or have been connected 
by marriage with, the French Refugees. 

The industry, talent, and wealth introduced into England 
by the French and other Refugees in the sixteenth century, 
very considerably revived and improved the commerce of the 
cities of Canterbury and Norwich, and established there and 
in other provincial towns, many new trades and manufactures 
creating novel employments for capital. The Canterbury silks 
became of great estimation, the Norwich stuffs were famed all 
over Europe, and the Yarmouth herrings were superior to all 
others. While Queen Elizabeth, therefore, was affording an 
asylum for the poor Protestants who fled from the cruelties of 
the Duke D'Alva and from the massacre of St. Bartholomew's, 
she was improving her commerce, increasing the population, 



VI. 

and introducing into the Realm those sources of industry, 
talent, and wealth, which even to the present day, constitute 
much of its prosperity, honour, and happiness. 

Upon the settlement of these Refugees in our towns, they 
appear soon to have obtained the goodwill of the Towns- 
people, and the use of a church or building for their religious 
service, when they petitioned the privy council for protection. 
They employed many of the English poor, and expended large 
sums in articles of subsistence, always supporting their own 
poor, (who frequently inhabited houses which would otherwise 
have been untenanted, or occupied by persons chargeable on 
the poor rates.) 

The Author's appointment, a few years since, as Secretary 
to her Majesty's Commission for collecting non-parochial 
registers of baptisms, marriages, and burials, placed the 
records of most of the Refugee congregations in his custody. 
The facilities thereby afforded, induced him to attempt some 
short account of the settlement of these foreigners in England. 

Some of the chapters might have comprised an account 
of the religious matters and the controversies which have 
occasionally agitated their respective congregations, but to 
have noticed those and many other topics, would have ex- 
tended the volume (already larger than expected,) much beyond 
the original intention, and have required a sacrifice of time, 
which the Author's professional engagements, would not admit. 

Copthall Court, 

3rd December. 1845, 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

French Protestants in England, temp, Edward VI. — The Walloons. 
—The Letters Patent of 1550. — The Duke D'Alva in the Nether- 
lands. — The Manufactures introduced, temp. Edward III. — The 
Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, 1572. — Riots in London, on 
account of the Strangers, 1586, 1592, 1596. — Subscription of the 
Strangers, in 1588.— The Edict of Nantes . . . . 1—16 

CHAPTER II. 

The Revocation of the Edict, 1685. — New influx of Strangers into 
England, Ireland, America, &c. — New Manufactures. — Order in 
Council, and Briefs in favour of the Refugees. — Their Incorporation. 
—Chapels built, &c. 17—23 

CHAPTER III. 
The Walloon Church in London 24—37 

CHAPTER IV. 

The French Churches, at Canterbury, Sandwich, Norwich, and 
Southampton . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 — 89 

CHAPTER V. 

The French and Walloon Churches, at Glastonbury, Rye, Win- 
chelsea, Dover, Faversham, Whittlesey, Sandtoft, Thorne Abbey, 
Wandsworth, Durham House, Somerset House, and the Savoy, 
afterwards "Les Grecs." .. .. .. .. 90 — 115 

CHAPTER VI. 

Provincial French Churches, established after the Revocation of 
the Edict of Nantes, — at Greenwich, Hammersmith, Chelsea, Thorpe, 
Bristol, Plymouth, Stonehouse, Exeter, Barnstaple, Dartmouth, and 
Bideford .. .. 116—133 / 



vm. 

CHAPTER VII. 

The French Churches established in London, after the Revocation. 
—The French Hospital and School 134—184 

CHAPTER VIIL 

The Dutch Churches in London, Norwich, Colchester, Yarmouth, 
Sandwich, Maidstone, Dover, Canvey Island, Stamford, and Thet- 
ford,— The Dutch Chapel Royal 185—223 

CHAPTER IX. 

The Spanish, Italian, and Greek Churches . . . . 224 — 232 

CHAPTER X. 

The Swiss Chapel. — The German Lutheran Chapel Royal. — The 
German Lutheran Chapels in Trinity Lane, the Savoy, Little Ailie 
Street, and Hooper Square. — The Danish and Norwegian Chapel, 
and the Swedish Chapel 233—246 

CHAPTER XI. 

The French Protestant Churches in Ireland .. 247 — 251 

CHAPTER XII. 

Foreign Manufactures introduced or improved by the Refugees^ 

252—263 

APPENDIX. 
Charters, &c 265 



CHAPTER I. 



For a long time prior to the 16th century there had been 
many foreigners settled in England, carrying on mercantile 
operations with Antwerp, Venice, and various other European 
states. The principal object, however, of this and the following 
chapter is to notice the two large influxes of foreigners occa- 
sioned, about the middle of the 16th century by the cruelty of 
the Spaniards in the Netherlands, and by the Massacre of St. 
Bartholomew; and about the latter end of the 17th century by 
the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. 

Edw. I. granted a charter, or declaration of protection and 
privileges, to foreign merchants, and also determined the cus- 
toms or duties which these merchants were in return to pay on 
merchandize imported and exported. He promised them pro- 
tection, allowed them a jury on trials, consisting half of natives 
and half of foreigners, and appointed them a Justiciary in 
London. He imposed on them a duty of 2s. on each tun of 
wine imported, over and above the old duty, and 40 pence on 
each sack of wool exported, besides half a mark, the old duty. 
But notwithstanding this seeming attention to foreign mer- 
chants, the King did not free them from the cruel hardship of 
making one answerable for the debts, and even for the crimes, 
of another that came from the same country. 

By the 1st. Ric. Ill, cap. 9, it appears there were great 
numbers of merchants, strangers of the nation of Italy, as 
Venetians, Genoese, Florentines, Apulians, Sicilians, Luccaners, 
Cateloins, &c. and by that act they were subjected to various 
restraints in trade. 



In 1540 an Act was passed concerning strangers, with the 
following preamble :— 

" The King our most dread Sovereign Lord, calling unto his 
blessed remembrance the infinite number of strangers and aliens of 
foreign countries and nations which daily do increase and multiply, 
&c." 

It then recites the various Acts past relating thereto and 
makes further enactments. And in 1546, the King granted 
a License to Stratta Cavalcanti and Guido Cavalcanti his 
brother, Florentine merchants, to import all manner of jew- 
ellery, &c, &c. 

" Fringes, Parsamentys, and all other new Gentilesses, for the 
pleasure of us, of our dearest Wife the Queen, our Nobles, Gentle- 
men, and others." — Rymer, vol. 16, page 10/>. 

Strype in his Memorials of the year 1547, says — " Now 
I conjecture, were the beginnings of the foreigners' church 
planted at Canterbury by the countenance and influence of 
Archbishop Cranmer." One or two learned foreigners were 
in this city under the Archbishop's auspices — one of these, 
was John Utenhovius, a person of honourable rank and quality, 
afterwards elder and assistant to John a Lasco's church in 
London — others were Valerandus Pollanus, and Franciscus, 
and the year after Bucer was here. 

About this time also it was, that " one day when Latimer 
was preaching before the young King Edward VI. he spoke 
to him of a distinguished Theologian, who had begun to 
preach to the foreign Protestants assembled in London, the 
truths of the gospel : his name was Jean a Lasco. ' I could 
wish,' said Latimer, ' that we could collect together such valu- 
able persons in this kingdom, it would be the means of en- 
suring its prosperity.' 'He who receives you,' said our 
Saviour, e receives me.' Some time after, the King granted a 
Charter " to all the foreign Protestants/' as will presently be 
noticed. 



" In the year 1549, the persecution in France grey very warm, 
which was partly occasioned upon the inauguration of King Henry II, 
and his entrance into Paris for that purpose. For the burning of 
martyrs in several streets of the city, where and when the King was 
to pass by, made a barbarous part of the solemnity. In this year, 
many French Protestants who had been imprisoned for religion in 
their own country, were either banished, or secretly made their es- 
cape into this kingdom. These applied to some French ministers, 
entertained as it seems in the family of Archbishop Cranmer, with 
Bucer, Peter Martyr, and others, which ministers delivered the con- 
dition of these poor men to the Archbishop."* 

In the year 1555, King Edward VI. granted to the foreign 
Protestants, a Charter for the exercise of their religion, and 
granted to them the church of the Augustine Friars, appoint- 
ing John a Lasco to be their superintendent, and Gualterus 
Delcenus, Martinus Flandrus, Franciscus Riverius, and Rich- 
ardus G alius the first ministers. The Charter will be found 
in the appendix, and a detailed account of John a Lasco will 
be found in the chapter relating to the London Dutch Church. 

The Refugees experienced some reverses during the reign 
of Queen Mary, but were greatly protected and encouraged 
by Elizabeth, who in 1560, wrote a letter to the Church, in 



* Peter Martyr was invited over in the King's name by Cranmer, and had 
a pension of forty marks a year, as had Ochinus, who was made a Canon of 
Canterbury, with a dispensation of residence. Fagius was Hebrew Pro- 
fessor at Cambridge, and had a pension of £100. Peter Martyr had the 
Divinity Chair at Oxford, and Bucer that of Cambridge, with a salary of 
£100. Rapin, 2, p. 11, n. In king Edward's Diary in his own hand writing, 
which is preserved in the British Museum, is the following notice of Bucei's 
death. (1551), " February 23th ; the lerned man Bucerus died at Cambridge, 
who was tow daies after buried in Saint Maries Church at Cambridge, al the 
hole Universitie al the hole towne bringing him to the grave to the nombre 
3000 persons ; also, there was an oracion of Mr. Haddon made verie elo- 

buently at his death, and a sermon of , after that, Mr. Redman made a 

thirde sermon, which three sermons made the people wonderfully to lament his 
death. Last of al, all the lerned men of the Universitie made their epitaph es 
in his praise, laieng them on his grave." 



which she said, " We are not ignorant that the ceremonies, 
&c, have been different in the various Churches since the 
birth of Christianity — in some, the congregation prayed stand- 
ing, in others, kneeling, — -it is nevertheless the same religion, 
provided their prayers are addressed to the same God. We 
do not despise your service, and we do not constrain you to 
adopt ours. We approve of your ceremonies, inasmuch as 
they accord best with the countries whence you come." 

The great influx, however, of foreigners was in the year 1567, 
when 4f upon the report of the Duke D'Alva coming into the 
Netherlands with 10,000 veteran soldiers, the trading people 
of the town and country withdrew from the provinces in such 
vast numbers, that the Duchess of Parma, the Governess, 
wrote to Philip II., that in a few days above 100,000 men had 
left the country with their money and goods, and that more 
were following every day." These trading people, called 
Walloons,* fled in great numbers to England, and settled at 
Canterbury, Norwich, Southampton, Sandwich, Colchester, 
Maidstone, and other towns, introducing the Manufactures of 
Woollen, Linen, and Silk Weavers, Dyers, Cloth-dressers, 
Silk Throwsters, &c, and teaching the English, to make Bayes, 
Sayes, and other light Shifts. In like manner, about the 
year 1360, the Belgians and Flemings (driven from home 
by frequent inundations), had taught the English the art of 
making woollen cloths,f of which they were before ignorant, 



* Walloons, were the inhabitants of a considerable part of the French and 
Austrian low countries, viz.: those of Artois, Hainault, Namur, Luxemburg-, 
and part of Flanders, and Brabant. The language of the Walloons, is the 
ancient unadulterated Gaulish. — Chambers's Encyclopaedia. 

The trade of Norwich was increased to that extent on this occasion, that 
the sale of Norwich stuffs alone, amounted to £100,000. a year, besides the 
stocking manufacture, which was also very extensive. So much has the 
Government though this trade worth protecting, that there are no less than 
fourteen statutes, besides many writs, proclamations, and ordinances esta- 
blished to guard it. 

■f Fuller in his Church History, gives an account of the arrival of the Dutch 



being till then only skilled in husbandry, sheep-keeping, and 
war ; for the Belgians and Flemings then supplied the whole 
world with cloth."* 

With reference to this period, Strype observes in his" Annals: 

"The Protestants were now [1568] miserably harassed in France 
by their unnatural King — edicts for the free exercise of their religion 
broken, their ministers banished, and much blood spilt ; and those 
in the Netherlands persecuted intolerably by the Duke D'Alva, that 
breathed out nothing but blood and slaughter. Great numbers 
of them therefore from all parts, daily fled over hither into the 
Queen's dominions ; the Pope took upon him in his bull, to charge 
the Queen, for these poor strangers, in these slanderous words, viz. : 
" That all such as were the worst of the people resorted hither, and 
were by her received into safe protection." 

In this year, all provisions were at a low price, although a 
dearth had been expected. The Bishop of Norwich, in his 
correspondence with the Divines of Helvetia, adds, that he 

in the Reign of Edvv. III., by whom they were encouraged to settle in this 
country, where they established the following Manufactures : — 

At Norwich . . . . Fustians 

Sudbury . . . . Baizes 

Colchester Sayes and Serges 

Kent . . Kentish Broad Cloths 

Devonshire . . . . Kersey s 

Gloucestershire *) ^, ., 

> . . Cloths 

Worcestershire ) 

Wales . . Welch Friezes 

" This new generation of Dutch were now sprinkled every where, though 
generally (where left to their own choice), they preferred a maritime habita- 
tion.' 1 — Fuller' 1 s Church History, p. 110- 

The Flemings taught the manufacturing of our Wool into Broad-cloth, 
Rashes, Flannel, and Perpetuanas, by which our lands were advanced from 10 
and 12 to 20 and 22 years purchase, and the interest of money falling from 10 
to 6 and 5 per cent. On the 12th June, 1606, James I. was made free of the 
Clothier's Company. 

* Meterani. Hist. Belg. Liij. quoted in Macpherson's Annals of Commerce 
vol. ii. p. 144. 



In Westmoreland . . Kendal Cloth 


Lancashire 


Manchester Cotton 


Yorkshire 


.. Halifax Cloths 


Somerset . . 


Taunton Serges 


Hants ~\ 




Berks V . . 


. , . . Cloth 


Sussex j 





and others were persuaded, that this blessing from God hap- 
pened by reason of the godly exiles, who were here kindly 
harboured.* 

The success of these strangers gave great offence both in 
London and the provincial towns in which they settled. The 
retail tradesmen charging them with retailing as well as manu- 

* In this year, there was granted to certain foreigners in England, a freedom 
from arrest, by reason of the seizure of their property by the Duke D'Alva 
in the Netherlands ; accordingly, lists of the names of the members of the 
foreign churches planted in London, were sent to the Court and to the Bishop 
of London. Strype's Grindall has a list of the Dutch, (Appx. p. 52,) and see 
the Lansdown MSS. vol. x. No. 62. 

Strype says England was called " Christi Asylum, or sanctuary for Christ." 

Between 1560 and 1569, there were several searches in London for strangers 
and every ward in London sent a return of the different foreigners in their 
wards, their trades and occupations, how long they had been come over, and 
to what churches they resorted. 

The articles of enquiry are in the Lansdown MSS. vol. x. No. 46, and the 
third enquiry is " Whether they be setters forwarde, or favorers of anie 
naughtie religion or sect ?" 

1567. The Bishop of London's "certificate of the nombers of all manners of 
straungers within the severall wardes and parishes of the saide citie, as follow- 
eth, viz.:' 1 the number of "Venetians 10— Italians 128 — Frenche 512 — Dutche 
2993 — Portingalls 23 — Skottes 36 — Black mors 2 — Spaniards 54— Gretians 
2—"" making 3760 to be the "sum total of all the straungers aforesaide." To 
this account is added a list of those in the out-parishes, where they amount 
to 1091, of which 303 were in the precincts of St. Martin le Grand, 266 in 
St. Katherine, and 175 in St. Martin's in the Fields,— (Burleigh's State Papers, 
by Haynes, p. 455.) Of the above numbers (making together 4851), 3838 
were Flemings; the names and particulars of these foreigners may be seen in 
the Lansdown MSS: vol. x. No. 5, where they are noticed thus : 
Derick Peterson, Cobler, and Anne his wife, borne in Dutch-lande, cormorant 
in London xx> . yeares, and have ij sonnes and j daughter borne in 
England. 
Garrett Unkle, Hat Maker, and Ellyn his wirle a Dutchwoman, of contynuarice 

xxij yeares. 
Jeremino Jerlito, a Preacher of contynuance ij yeares. 
Jacolyne le Frenche, girle kept of alms. 

The return in 1568, states the houses " pestered with the greatest numbers 
of them," and comprizes 

Master John Thomas, Doctor of Lawe, Doucheman. 



facturing their goods, and employing themselves as tailors* 
shoemakers, &c, to the detriment of the English artizan. 
Among the papers at the Dutch Church, is a list of the 
strangers in London, who were so interfered with about 1568. 



Hubert Dovylley, a Caster of Pryntinge Lres. 
James de la Forest, a Setter of Lres. 
John, from the Hedge, Tailor, a Doucheman. 

Lawrence Bourguinonus, Minister of the Household of Cardinal Castilion. 
James Marchvilions, Minister. 
The French Cardinal lying in Hans Hunter's House, hath to the number of 
forty servants. 
In 1581, a representation was made, probably to the Privy Council, or to 
the Bishop, of certain strangers in various parishes who did not go to 
Church; amongst these are Horacio Pallavicino, Evangelisto Constantien, 
Acerbo Velutelli, Gyles Pavelopelo, " Si r John Peter Knt and the Ladie 
his wief cometh not to churche, but saieth he hereth service att the cote," 
Domingo Cussilari, Domingo de Camilo, Vincencius Faliolio, and Marcus 
Grado, Glassmakers, (Lansd. MSS. vol. xxxiii. 59), and by a return for the 
same year (1581,) the strangers were thus classed : 

English Church .. .. 1043 .. 463 Denizens 
French „ .. .. 1149 .. 1462 Mer Strangers 

Italian „ .. .. 66 

Dutch „ .. .. 1364 

No Church . . . . 287 

3909 

Names of certain especial strangers meet to be enquired of which are of 
no church: 

Jacob Powell a Physition and Surgeon. 

Ambrose his Man. 

Jacob Hinck a Velvet Wever. 

John Coke a Scholar. 
In vol. lviii. No 16, is a list taken in 1685 of the strangers in St. Martin's 
le Grand, with the names of their wives and servants, the Church they 
frequent, and the date of their denization. The summary is 

Householders .. .. .. 71 

Wives 39 

Children and Servants , . . . 51 

161 



8 

The names of such poore strangers of the Dutch and French con- 
gregations in London, as are daylie arrested and served by sondry 
informers, upon penall statutes for usinge and exercisinge their seve- 
rall vocations, and not beinge borne within her ma tJS domynions. 

Goosen vander Becke, Candell- maker, borne at Gaunte ; Peter 
Jacobs, Seller of Cloth by greate, borne at Andwerpe ; Widowe 
Vrolicke, Seamster, borne at Sandwich : Daniel Garnout, Candell- 
maker, borne at Maidston; John Rogiers, a lodger of Duchmen, 
borne at Vallencine ; (and thirty- seven others.) 

" All theis poore men most humblie beseech y l accordinge to her 
ma ts moste princelye pleasure and gratious inclynation heitherto 
towardes them, that some such good order maie be taken and sett 
downe under y e great seale of England, or otherwise as to your good 
Lps. grave wisedome, shall seeme most meete. That they and y e 
rest of y e saide congregations, maye no more be thus daily vexed 
and put to charges ; but quietly use and exercise their severall voca- 
tions, to mainteyne their wives, children, and families." 

Another influx of foreigners took place upon a memorable 
occasion in 1 572. 

On St. Bartholomew's day in that year, that most horrible 
massacre of the Protestants in Paris was perpetrated, sanc- 
tioned by the King, who even participated in the horrid de- 
struction of his subjects.* Orders were sent to several of the 
large towns, inciting them to similar outrages, and about 
twenty-five thousand French Protestants perished on this occa- 
sion ; many flew to England, and the French King demanded 
that the Queen should admonish, or rather command them to 
leave the Realm, as rebels to His Majesty. f 

* He ordered bonfires, processions, and public thanksgivings in honour 
of these glorious achievements. The Pope also, Gregory XIII. proclaimed 
a public Jubilee on the occasion, and caused medals to be struck in com- 
memoration of the event. (Strype's Parker, App. No. 68.) 

f The Count de Montmorency and the Vidame de Chatres escaped on 
horseback half-naked, and reached the Coast of Normaudy, with about 
ten of their followers, and thence crossed over to England.. Strype relates 
that Queen Elizabeth had great pity for the Vidame, and wrote to the King 
of France in his behalf. (Annals ii. p. 268.) 



9 

On the sacking of Antwerp in 1585, one third part of the 
merchants and the workmen who worked and dealt in silks, 
damasks, and taffeties, and in baizes, sayes, serges, stockings, 
&c, settled in England, because England was then ignorant of 
those manufactures. ( ' Huet on the Dutch Trade, quoted in 
Macpher son's Commerce. J 

The strangers were not without their troubles, even in Eng- 
land; many of those that came over in Queen Elizabeth's 
reign were shoe-makers, and in 1576, the Cordwainer's Com- 
pany procured a commission to enquire of certain aliens born, 
whether they were denizens, and whether they paid their 
quarteridge, &c, &c, and in 1578 the Free Shoe-makers 
petitioned the Lord Treasurer, and stated that certain strangers 
of the art, viz. : Francis Gerers, Daniel Swaits, John Yong, 
Edward Tyson, Leonard Harman, and others did not come 
to the Hall and take their oaths according to the order of 
the Star Chamber, in King Henry the eighth's time : and 
prayed that the Queen's orders might be obeyed. — Stow. p. 
300. 

In the Lansdown MSS. x. No. 60., is the following docu- 
ment, no doubt a complaint to the Privy Council of certain 
persons acting as Factors or Agents of foreign houses. 

Theis names that are hereunder wryten are of the Frenche and 
Dutche Churche, and yet are thought for their releyfe, to be Factors 
for other men that dwell beyonde the seas. 

OF THE DUTCHE CHURCHE. 

Martin Vanpiene, Factour for the Oyegh broth : 
Guillam de Santtune being a Denyson, is thought to be factf for 
dyv 13 men. 

OF THE FRENCHE CHURCHE. 

Harman Pottey beinge longe past of the Frenche Churche, is for his 

Monsieur Colbert told the King of France, "I am sorry to say it, that too 
many of your Majesty's subjects are already among your neighbours, in the 
quality of footmen and valets, for their daily bread. Many of the artizans 
too, are fled from the severity of your collectors \ they are at this time im- 
proving the manufactures of your enemies." 

C 



10 

releyfe, factor to John Delafayllio, whose goods and debts is all 
under arrest, as the goods and debts of John Delafayllio. 
Hans Hofstart and Peter Bowell are fact rs for dyv rs men. 

OF THE ITALYAN CHURCHE. 

John Bothermaker is factor for Gillo Hostma : 
Peter Vanderwell ys factor for the Lowbells, 

In the year 1586, the Apprentices of London raised an insur- 
rection in the city against the French and Dutch strangers, but 
especially against the French. Several of these youths (of the 
Plaisterer's Company) were taken and committed to Newgate 
upon the Queen and Council's commands, and the Recorder 
and other Magistrates of the city were in search for the prin- 
cipal captain. 

In 1592, the strangers who dealt in retail trades, were com- 
plained of by the English shopkeepers and freemen of London, 
as spoiling their trades ; amongst other things, that they re- 
tailed in cities, towns corporate, and the suburbs of cities and 
other exempt places, which the English retailers were pre- 
vented from doing, by the I. and II. Phil, and Mary. A bill 
was accordingly brought into Parliament in 1593 : Sir John 
Wolley, (Secretary for the Latin tongue to the Queen) and 
Sir Robert Cecil spoke against the bill, and Sir Walter 
Raleigh in favour of it, the latter complaining bitterly of the 
strangers. The bill passed the Commons, but a dissolution 
of Parliament taking place, the strangers were left in posses- 
sion of all the indulgence and hospitality they had previously 
enjoyed.* 

* On the 4th May, 1593, a complete list was brought in of the number of 
strangers with the children and servants, according to certificates made by the 
several wards of London, viz. : 

Strangers ^ t De nizens .. 267 

Their Children j Whereof < 

Women Servants j I No Denizens 737 

English born servants kept by strangers . . . . 959 

English born, set on work by strangers . . . . ' 534 

Lord Clarendon in his history of the Rebellion, (vol. ii. p. 141,) notices the 



11 



\ 



In the year 1588, there being a loan charged by the Queen 
upon the city, the Companies of London subscribed separately. 
The strangers also subscribed among themselves £4,900.* 
Their names and subscriptions are as follow : 



Anthony Emerick 


£ 
.. 100 


Peter Buskell . . 


. 200 


John Pook 


. 100 


Andrian de Porter 


. 100 


James White . . 


.. 100 


John Godscall . 


. 200 


Domynick Busher 


. 100 


James Godscall 


. 100 


John Hublone . . 


. 100 


Peter Tryan 


. 200 


Eustace Trevachio 


. 100 


Hans Walters . . 


. 100 


Peter Margacie 


. 100 


Peter de Coster 


. 100 


Lucas Bawdet . . 


. 100 


Peter Samyne 


. 100 


Horacio Palaircino 


. 300 


Nycolas de la Noy 


. 100 


Water Artson . . 


. 100 


Abraham Van Delden . 


. 100 


Garet de Malines 


. 200 


Emanuel Demetris 


. 100 


Philip Cursini . . 


. 200 


Vincent de la Bar 


. 100 


Gyles Hureblocke 


. 100 


Lewis Sayes 


. 100 


Thomas Cotell 


. 200 


Mychael Lemon 


. 100 


Guyllam de Best 


, . 200 


Hans Pyke 


. 100 


Michael Corsellis 


. 100 


Nicholas de Gozzi 


. 300 


Roger Van Peine 


. 200 


Peter Vander Wall 


. 100 


Gyles de Fysher 


. 100 


Guydo Maloport 


. 100 


Wassel Weblyn, (Bre\A 


rer) 100 


Balthazar Sanctes 


. 100 



settlement of these foreigners in various places in England, " whereby the 
wealth of those places marvellously increased, 1 ' adding, " and besides the 
benefit from thence, the Queen (Elizabeth) made use of them in her great 
transactions of State in France and the Low countries, and by the mediation 
and interposition of those people, kept an useful interest on that party, in all 
the foreign dominions where they were tolerated. 

* In the year 1621, the Lord Keeper in his speech at Guildhall about sub- 
sidies, beginning, "My Lords and Gentlemen all," was most importunate for 
the citizens' money. "And good reason," he says, "that strangers should 
somewhat exceed the natives, for look what laws ! what peace they have esta- 
blished by spilling of their own blood and their ancestors ! what favour of 
their own good King and Princes ! what purity of religion they have settled 
by the martyrdom of their own forefathers ! To all this milk and honey, to 
all these graces spiritual and temporal, is the stranger admitted so kindly, 
even at the first hour. Therefore, grudge not to spend a little, when you find 
you enjoy so much." (MS. Speech, at Dutch Church. J 



12 

" In the year 1595, the poor tradesmen made a riot upon the 
strangers in Southwark and other parts of the city of London, where- 
upon was a presentment of the great inquest for the said borough, 
concerning the outrageous tumult and disorder unjustly committed 
there upon Thursday, June 12th, 1595, and the leaders were pun- 
ished, and also the chief offenders. " (Stow, 303.) 

The like tumults began at the same time, within the liber- 
ties (as they are called), where such strangers commonly har- 
boured ; and upon the complaint of the elders of the Dutch 
and French churches, Sir John Spenser, the Lord Mayor, 
committed some young rioters to the Counter : and when some 
of their fellow apprentices and servants gathered in a body 
and attempted to break open the Counter, he went out in per- 
son and took twenty or more of them, and committed all to 
safe custody, and promised to proceed against them with all 
severity, as he signified in a letter to the Lord Keeper, dated 
12th June, 1595.* In Somers's Tracts, vol. ii. 396, are seven 
reasons against the passing of a bill, intituled " An Act for the 
enabling the Protestant Strangers to exercise their Trades" in 
the places in the said Act mentioned. 

In the year 1593, Henri IV. passed the famous Edict of 
Nantes, by which his subjects of the reformed religion were 
permitted to reside in all cities and places within the kingdom, 
and were allowed the free exercise of their religion, without 
being "examined, molested, troubled, or constrained to do 
anything in matters of religion against their consciences." 
For a time, therefore, in France, " the land had rest," but the 
foreigners in this country were too well off to think of return- 
ing to their native homes. They had embarked their capital 

* On several subsequent occasions, complaints have been raised against 
foreigners ; but in a clever pamphlet, published in 1722, the writer says — 
" Upon the whole it appears that we have been infinitely obliged by foreigners, 
and that we can boast of nothing that's great or good, but what is of exotic 
growth. Yea, ourselves originally, as well as our glories, are of a foreign 
descent. Our father was an Amorite, our mother an Hittite. A Frenchman, 
a Briton, a Dane, and a Saxon make an Englishman.' 1 '' p. 36. 



13 

here, they were protected in their trade and in their religion ,* 
their children were mostly English born, and were beginning 
to intermarry with the English ; all these considerations ope- 
rated in inducing them to give up their native country, and 
the subsequent revocation of this very Edict, has but too sadly 
proved how prudently they determined to renounce the land 
of their birth, for that of their choice. 

Pensionary De Witt in his Interest of Holland, under the 
year 1669, speaking of the increased power of England, be- 
gins so far back as the preceding century. Thus when the 
compulsive laws of the Netherland Halls had first driven the 
cloth-weaving from the cities into our villages, and thence 
into England, and that, by the cruelty of the Duke D 'Alva, 
the say-weaving went also after it ; the English, by degrees, 
began to vend their manufactures throughout Europe, " they 
became potent at sea, and no longer to depend on the Nether- 
lands ; so that England now, by its conjunction with Scotland 
being much increased in strength, as well by manufactures as 
by a great navigation, will in all respects be formidable to all 
Europe according to the proverb, ( a master at sea, is a lord 
at land.' "* 

* In a pamphlet, intituled (The Danger of the Church and Kingdom from 
Foreigners considered, 8vo. 1722 — 642 in London Instit :) are the following 
remarks : 

While our trade was confined within the circle of the Island, and made no 
sallies out, England was but the skeleton of a kingdom — how empty were our 
coffers! Daughters without portions— land without cultivation— texts with- 
out preachers — preferments (such as they were) without learning. Imperitum 
est animal homo, si circumscribatur natalis soli sui fine. (Seneca.) Now, the 
greatest gentlemen affect to make their junior sons Turkey merchants, and 
while the diligent son is getting an estate by foreign traffic, the wise father 
at home employs his talent in railing at foreigners. Your fine fan, madam, is 
Indian, therefore, when you rail at foreigners, let it at least conceal the face 
that ought to blush." p. 15. 

" For a long time however, foreign silk goods continued to be preferred in 
this country, and in the year 1668, the tide of fashion set entirely in favour of 
French fabrics ; so that it became a complaint that " the women's hats were 
turned into hoods made of French silk, whereby every maid servant became a 
standing revenue to the French King, of one half of her wages." 



14 

Upon the death of Queen Elizabeth, the foreign churches 
lost their best friend; their first settlement in England had 
commenced about the period of her accession to the throne, 
and during the whole of her long reign she had interested 
herself, both at home and abroad, on their behalf; and while 
she thus advocated their welfare, she advanced to a vast extent 
the commercial prosperity of her own dominions. 

Her successor James I. after alluding to certain theological 
writings he had published, and which he considered calculated 
to tranquillize the foreign churches, as to his intentions to- 
wards them, says " Je vous protegerai, ainsi quil convient a 
un bon Prince de defendre tons ceux qui ont abandonne leur 
patrie pour la religion — Mon desir est de vous defendre, 
comme a fait la reine ma Sceur, renommee par tout le monde, 
qui vous a re^u en son royaume, et pour laquelle vous avez 
prie Dieu. Que si aucun etait si ose que de vous molester en 
vos Eglises, vous adressant a moi, je vous ferai telle justice 
qu'ils n'auront point d'envie par aprez d'y retourner."* (In 
French, 21 May, 1603.) 

Charles I. made similar promises on the 30th April, 1625, 
to the deputies from the foreign churches, who addressed him 
on his accession ; and in the following year he published a 
warrant, by which he commanded all officers of the Crown to 
permit all strangers, members of the foreign churches and their 
children, peaceably to enjoy all the privileges and immunities 
which had been formerly granted to them ; " vu la belle recep- 
tion et les bons procedes que re^oivent au dela des mers nos 
sujets et leurs enfans."f 

The unsettled state of affairs during the commonwealth, and 
the changes both religious and political, appear to have 
affected the foreign churches in this country ; but they were 
relieved by the restoration, and the 15th clause of the Act 

* In this reign, Mr. Burlamach a Merchant of London, brought weavers 
from abroad.— (Latdner's Encyc.J 
f (M, Baup. Discours Hist.) 



15 

of uniformity provided that the penalties of that Act should 
not extend to " the foreigners or aliens of the foreign reformed 
churches, allowed or to be allowed by the King's Majesty, his 
heirs and successors in England." (14 Car. II cap. iv.) 

" Je suis joyeaux de vous avoir oui*," said Charles II. (26 
May, 1660), "et vous remercie de vos bons souhaits— Assurez 
vous que sous notre protection vous aurez autant de liberte 
que vous avez jamais eu sous aucun de mes predecesseurs."* 
In a future chapter it will be seen how James II. provided 
for the French refugees, increased as their numbers were by 
the immigration consequent on the revocation of the Edict of 
Nantes, which took place a few months after his accession. 

The strangers also had some trouble about their religion, 
for their descendants appear to have been claimed by the 
English church, as a part of its flock. After Laud's promotion 
to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, he sent to the Dutch, 
Walloon, and French congregations, who had obtained so 
many privileges from former kings, and particularly the liberty 
of celebrating divine service after their manner, two injunc- 
tions — 

1 . That all the natives of the Dutch and Walloon congregations 
in his Grace's diocese, should repair to their several parish churches, 
of those several parishes where they inhabited, to hear divine service 
and sermons, and perform all duties and payments required in that 
behalf. 

2. That the ministers and all other of the Dutch and Walloon 
congregations, which were not natives and born subjects to the 
King's Majesty, or any other strangers that should come over to 
them, while they remained strangers, might have and use their own 
discipline, as formerly they have done, yet it was thought fit that the 
English Liturgy should be translated into French and Dutch, for the 
better settling of their children to the English Government. Rapin. 
vol. ii.p. 293. 



* Soon after this (in 1629), the Master Wardens, &c., of silk throwsters were 
established. 



16 

The application of these injunctions was very general, since 
it affected all that were born in the kingdom, viz. : all the 
descendants of such as had fled hither since the reign of Edw. 
VI. and consequently there could be but very few of the con- 
gregations who were born out of the kingdom. 

These injunctions pressed particularly on the Kentish 
churches, as will be seen in a future chapter on Canterbury, 
and they were "molested and disquieted some three or four 
years space, some of them interdicted, suspended, and shut up 
for a time for refusing conformity — others of them dissolved, 
their ministers deserting them rather than submit to these in- 
junctions."* fPrynne's Trial of Laud. J 

* The matter was delayed from time to time, until the Scotch war came on, 
when it was probably put aside for more urgent considerations. 

The Archbishop was, at a subsequent period impeached by the House of 
Commons : one of the articles of his impeachment was as follows : 

12. " He hath traitorously endeavoured to cause division and discord be- 
twixt the Church of England and other reformed Churches ; and to that end 
hath supprest and abrogated the privileges and immunities which have been 
by His Majesty and his royal ancestors granted to the Dutch and French 
churches in this Kingdom. And divers other ways has expressed his malice 
and disaffection to these churches, that so by such disunion, the Papists might 
have more advantage for the overthrow and extirpation of both." 



17 



CHAPTER II. 

For many years prior to the year 1685, the Protestants in 
France had been oppressed by vexatious regulations, and 
laws; until at length the Edict of Nantes, (which had been 
considered fundamental and irrevocable), was, after innume- 
rable violations, annulled by " Tiie Revocation of the Edict of 
Nantes," signed by Louis XIV. at Fontainebleau in 1685.* 
Upon this alteration in the law, thousands of French Protes- 
tants left their native land,f and England again became their 
chief asylum ; great numbers settled in London, while others 
augmented the congregations already established at Canter- 
bury, Norwich, and other provincial towns. They improved to 
a much higher degree of perfection, the fabricating of the silks 
called lustrings, brocades, satins, padua soys, ducapes, watered 
tabies, and black and coloured velvets. Besides these, they 
manufactured watches, cutlery wares, clocks, jacks, locks, sur- 
geons' instruments, hardwares, toys, &c, &c. f Hasted, 421.) 

* The King - by this Act revived the persecution against the Protestants, 
and drove into exile by his mistaken policy, above 500,000 of the most useful 
and industrious inhabitants of France. The situation of the ministers of the 
reformed religion was most distressing ; they were enjoined to quit the Realm 
within 15 days, and unless they abjured their faith, they had to choose between 
exile and the gallies, — if they resolved to leave the country, they must separate 
themselves from all who were dearest to them, except their wives, and such of 
their children as tvere under 7 years of age. 

f " It's certain that France is a very populous country, but when their 
feverish fits shall be over, and they shall in cold blood, consider what they have 
done, they will find their diminutions to be no matter of triumph, for 'tis not 
possible that so many substantial people, so many entire families, who distin- 
guish themselves in the arts and sciences, civil and military, can leave a king- 
dom, without being some day missed." An account of the persecutions in 
France, 1686. (M. Claude. J 

D 



18 

These emigrants were received in England with great kind- 
ness and consideration, and many pecuniary and other privi- 
leges were bestowed upon them.* 

" A part of the suburbs of London," says Voltaire in his Age of 
Louis the XIV. (meaning Spital Fields,) " was peopled entirely with 
French manufacturers in Silk.f For other arts some thousands of 
them helped to people the suburbs of Soho and St. Giles's. Others 
of them carried to England the art of making chrystal in perfection, 
which for that same reason was about this same time lost in France." 
In vol. i. he says " 600,000 fled from the persecution of Louis, car- 
rying with them their riches, their industry, and implacable hatred 
against their King. And wherever they settled they became an ad- 
dition to the enemies of France, and greatly influenced those powers 
already inclined to War." 

* In 1681, a denization (in pursuance of an Order in Council,) was granted 
to "Peter Allan and 1154 persons, men, women, and children, who (by reason 
of the severities used to them upon account of their religion,) have been forced 
to quit their native country, and a grant to them of such liberties and privi 
leges as his Majesty's natural subjects enjoy, provided, they and their families 
live in England or some other of his Majesty's dominions." 

In 1682, denizations to Lewis Essart, to Lewis Gervaise, and eleven others. 
In 1694, to Abraham Gilbert, Clerk, Henry Molbrayer, Clerk, and about 172 
others, " distressed Protestants aliens born." 

In 1718, was the incorporation of the French Hospital — 13,500 refugees 
settled in London and parts contiguous, and 2,000 at the Sea Ports where they 
landed, and were relieved by the money arising from a brief, by which £63,713 
2*. 3d. was collected. Of these, there were 140 families of persons of quality^ 
— 143 ministers and their families, — 144 families Of lawyers, physicians, mer- 
chants, and citizens, — the rest were artificers and husbandmen. 

Yet on the 5th May, 1686, " there was burned in the old exchange by the 
common hangman, a translation of a book, written by the famous M. Claude, 
relating only matters of fact concerning the horrid massacre and barbarous 
proceedings of the French King against his Protestant subjects; so mighty a 
power and ascendant here, had the French Ambassador. {'Evelyn's Memoirs. J 

f It may here be noticed, that the cotton manufactures of Rouen were sub- 
sequently established by an Englishman, Mr. Holker from Manchester j he 
had taken part with Prince Edward in 1745 ; was arrested and sent to prison, 
from which he escaped and found his way to Rouen, where he set up these 
manufactures, made a considerable fortune, and was created a baron. — Cath: 
Mag. No. 17. p. 382. 



19 

The effect of the persecutions in France, was the settlement 
of French Refugees in other parts of the world. At New 
York there was in 1724, a congregation of French Protestant 
refugees, who had for their ministers the Rev. Lewis Rou and 
the Rev. I. I. Moulinars.* There was also one at Charles- 
town. f 

Three congregations were also settled in Dublin, and one 
at Cork, Kilkenny, Waterford, Lisburn, and Portarlington, 
and another in Edinburgh. 

Many refugees settled in Prussia, where they were very 
kindly treated, churches built for them, and their clergy sup- 
ported, so that in a few years they were rich enough to build 
several new streets in Berlin, and became persons of considera- 
tion in that capital. 

They were also encouraged in Germany, and in 1692, linen 
manufactures were established in Hamburg, for making fine 
table linen and dowlas, which were sold to the English, who 
had previously been supplied by France. 

It was not, however, only to those who had already taken 

* The following are the names of some of the congregation at New York. 
(Papers concerning Lewis RoiTs affair, 4to. New York, 1725.) 

Peter Valette Peter Chardaveyne 

Thos. Bayeux John Barbarie 

John Cazalz Abm. Jouneau 

Rene Hett Lewis Care 

Stepn. de Lancey Joshua David 

Abm. Girard Vincent Bodin 

David Le Tellier Andrew Fresneau 

Jerem. Lattouch Noe Cazalet, &c, &c. 

In the year 1772, the congregation wrote to the London Walloon Church 
to send them a pastor : the letter was signed, Jacques Desbrosses, Ancien, — 
Jacques Buvelot, Ancien, — Frederic Bassell, Diacre, — Jean Pierre Chappelle, 
— John Aymar, — Jean Girault, — Francois Carre. 

f In the year 1731, the London Walloon Church received a letter from the 
congregation at Charlestown, requesting a pastor to be sent to them, who 
would receive £80. per annum, and £25. or more for his passage : the letter is 
signed, Peter Fillen, Etienne Mounier, Mathurin Boigard, Jean le Breton, 
Andre de Veaux, Anthoine Bonneau, Jacob Satur, Joel Poinset, Jean Gamier, 
Jaque le C'hantre, C. Birot. 



20 

refuge in England, that the Government extended its protec- 
tion, for encouragement was given to Protestants still remaining 
abroad, and accordingly on the 21st July, 1681, a memorial 
was presented to King Charles II. in behalf of the distressed 
Protestants abroad, which he referred to the consideration of 
the Lords' Committee of the Council Board for Trade and 
Plantations, with directions to report their opinion thereupon, 
which they accordingly did on the 28th of July following; and 
then the King in Council at Hampton Court, declared — 

" That he held himself obliged in honor and conscience to comfort 
and support all such afflicted Protestants, who, by reason of the 
rigours and severities which were used towards them npon account 
of their religion, should be forced to quit their native country, and 
should desire to shelter themselves under his Majesty's royal protec- 
tion, for the preservation and free exercise of their religion.* That 
he would grant every such distressed Protestant his letter of deniza- 
tion under the great Seal, without any charge, — and such further 
privileges and immunities as were consistent with the laws, for the 
free exercise of their trades. That he would recommend to Parlia- 
ment to pass an Act for the general naturalization of such Pro- 
testants, and for enlarging their liberties and franchises, — that they 
should pay no greater duties than natural born subjects, and have 
the same privileges for introduction of their children into schools 
and colleges. That all officers, civil and military, should give a kind 
reception to such Protestants as should arrive at any of the outports, 
and furnish them with passports, and all assistance in their journies, 
with a free passage, with their goods and household stuff, tools, and 
instruments, without exacting any thing from them, — that he would 
give order for a general brief throughout England, for the relief of 
such of them as stood in need." 

* A book at Zion College, A. B. 10, 22, has a list of thirty-two French cler- 
gymen in London, with the names of the towns in France from which they 
came. 

In the London Institution, is a printed case (without date), in behalf of the 
poor French Protestants, referring to the declaration of King Chas. II. and 
praying for an allowance by Act of Parliament, either by a tax on hackney 
coaches or otherwise. 



21 

— and His Majesty appointed the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
and the Bishop of London to receive all requests and petitions, 
that when any such Protestants came over, they might know 
where to address themselves. 

In addition to many thousands of pounds collected on a 
brief, and distributed in 1 687 to the refugees in pensions and 
weekly allowances, 15 churches were erected by means of the 
collection, viz. : 3 in London, and 12 in the several Counties, 
over and above those that were erected before. The collection 
amounted to £40,000. And on the 4th Sept., 1689, letters 
patent were granted for incorporating certain French Ministers 
with power to purchase land, build churches, Sec. 

Upon the declaration of war in 1689 against France, the 
King published " A Proclamation for the encouraging French 
Protestants to transport themselves into this kingdom," de- 
claring that 

" Finding in his subjects a true and just sense of their delive- 
rance from the persecution, lately threatening them for their reli- 
gion, and of the miseries and oppressions the French Protestants 
lay under; such of them as should seek their refuge in, and transport 
themselves into this kingdom of England, should not only have his 
royal protection, hut he would so aid and assist them in their several 
trades and ways of livelihood, as that their being in this realm might 
be comfortable and easy to them." (Rapin, vol. Hi. p. 89. ) 

— and the King in his speech to Parliament in 1695, ob- 
served, " compassion obliges me to mention the miserable 
circumstances of the French Protestants, who sutler for their 
religion." p. 302. 

The Order in Council for a general brief throughout the 
Kingdom, was dated the 16th of April, 1687, and produced, 
with the two preceding briefs and money voted by Parliament, 
nearly £200,000., which was paid into the Chamber of Lon- 
don ,• and, by a warrant under His Majesty's sign manual, the 
paymaster of His Majesty's annual pensions and bounties was 
directed to pay a yearly sum of £16,000. to be distributed by 



22 

" tin Comite Laic,' 9 amongst the poor French Protestants and 
their dependents. Out of this sum, however, was to be de- 
ducted £1,718. 4s. to be applied under the direction of the 
Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, and the 
Bishop of London, for the support of French Protestant minis- 
ters* who were poor, and for those churches which were not 
endowed. Under the direction of the Archbishop, the Chan- 
cellor, and the Bishop of London, another committee was 
appointed, called the Comite Ecclesiastique, to distribute this 
£1718. 4s. 

During the administration of Horace Walpole, this £16,000 
was reduced by nearly a half, and by a warrant Am der the sign 
manual of Geo. II. dated the 11th December, 1727, the sum 
was fixed at £8,591, out of which the £1,718. 4s. was to be 
deducted for the Comite Ecclesiastique, and to be paid to 
" poor distressed French ministers and converts from the 
Church of Rome being in holy orders. "f By another warrant, 
however, in 1729, these converts were excluded, upon a repre- 
sentation to the Crown, that many worthless and immoral 
persons came from France on purpose to partake of it.$ 

About 1748, fresh persecutions in France compelled still 
further emigration from that country, and the congregations 
belonging to the various foreign churches in this country were 
augmented by the arrival of fresh refugees. 

* See Appendix, for list of French ministers in 1690. 

f See Pari. Debates 24 May, 1830 ; 10 March 1836. Protestant Companion, 
by Michael Malard, 1689. 

J The King, by this warrant signed at St. James's the 20th February, 1729, 
nominated as Grand Commissioners — the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord 
Chancellor, the Bishop of London, the Lord Mayor, and the Lord Chief Jus- 
tices of the King's Bench and Common Pleas 5 and the first Comite Ecclesias- 
tique was composed of the Rev. Paul Convenant, Etienne Abel, Jaqs. Bar- 
nouin, and Pierre Stehelin; and for Treasurer, Pierre Tirel. The Comite was 
afterwards composed of six clergymen, and the present members are the Revds. 
Jaqs. Saml. Pons, Chas. Paroisseu, Rd. Cattermole, Wm. Rham, Jean Marie 
Mudry, and Henry Barrez, and Chas. Sterky, Esq., and 1. L. Andre Treasurer, 
who hold their meetings at the French Church at Edward Street, Soho. 



23 

" Une violente persecution s'elant renouvellee en diverses provinces 
de la France, contre nos Freres, environ Tan 1748, grand nombre 
entr'eux vinrent se refugier dans ce Royaume, comme dans une autre 
Patrie, ou, a 1'abri de tout danger ils recurent, selon leurs besoins, 
des secours considerables, et trouverent des Eglises, dont les portes 
leur furent ouvertes avec plaisir. Agreable et precieuse recrue pour 
les Troupeaux ! Quantite de families se rangerent a celui-ci, et 
leurpiete nous est en edification." Bourdilloris Sermon, 1782. 

The Revolution in France in 1794 occasioned some in- 
crease to the number of the emigrants in this country, but as 
those who left at this period were chiefly proscribed on ac- 
count of their political opinions, or their wealth, it is believed 
that the French Protestant churches, were not much affected 
by their arrival. 

We have now completed a retrospect of the several periods 
at which England was visited with bodies of Protestants, 
of the Walloons, French, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish. The 
last two appear to have left no remnant of their congregations, 
and it is scarcely known that they ever existed ; but of the for- 
mer, we have still some few of their places of worship remain- 
ing, though the worshippers be few ; we have yet the benefit of 
the commerce which they introduced, and the honour of the 
names of Romilly, Maseres, Saurin, Majendie, and others, as 
so many additions to the biography of the great and good of 
this favoured isle. 



24 




THE OLD WALLOON CHURCH IN THREADNEEDLE STREET. 



CHAPTER III. 

THE LONDON WALLOON CHURCH. 

The French congregation, although possessing an equal 
right with the Dutch under the Charter of Edw. VI. to use 
the church in Austin Friars, called the Temple of Jesus, ap- 
pear to have found within a few months the inconvenience of 
using it in common with the Dutch upon all occasions ; a lease 
for twenty-one years was therefore obtained on the 16th Octo- 
ber, 1550, from the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to the 
Superintendant, ministers, elders, and deacons of the French 
and Dutch church in London, of the church of St. Anthony's 
Hospital* in Threadneedle Street, " for the use of the French 



* The Hospital of St. Anthony, was sometime a cell to St. Anthony's of 
Vienna. About 1485, it was annexed to the collegiate church of St. George, 



25 

and Dutch church for sermons and administrations of sacra- 
ments." It appears too, that an agreement was made at John 
a Lasco's house in Bow Lane, between deputies of the two 
churches, that the Dutch should preach alone in the Temple of 
Jesus, provided they should repair at their own cost the chapel 
of St. Anthony for the use of the French ; that they should pay- 
half of the rent paid to the Dean and Chapter of Windsor, 
and that the French should preach sometime in every year in 
the Temple of Jesus, to preserve the evidence of their right 
to it. 

The following memorandum in the hand writing of M. 
Cappel, (circa 1592) tends to shew that the earliest congre- 
gation in London was French, and that the Charter of Edward 
VI. had especial reference to them, although the Dutch were 
allowed the possession of the church granted to the strangers 
by that Charter. 

" II appert par pag. 3, de la preface d'un petit ouvrage de Mr. 
Walleran Poulain,. Ministre a Glastonbury, imprime a Londres^ en 
1552, qu'il y avoit, trois ans avant que cette preface fut ecritte, une 
Eglise en laquelle on parloit francois a Londres, sous la conduite 
de Mr. Richard Vauville, homme vraiment entier et parfait en le piete 
chretienne — or le livre est imprime en 1552, L'Eglise done y estoit 
des 1548 ou 1549, les autres Flamandes Italiennes viennent apres, 
et la patente est de Tan 1550 en laquelle il y a ces mots ' aians pitie 
de la condition des bannis et etrangers qu'il y a assez long terns y 
a [ ] demeure en notre Royaume d'Angleterre.' Or qui estoient ceux 
la que ceux qui parloient francois ? non les Flamens, Allemans* 
Italiens. Aaron Cappel/' 

At the great fire of London, this church was burnt down, 

Windsor. One Johnson (a Schoolmaster here), became a Prebendary of Wind- 
sor, and then by little and little, followed the spoil of this hospital. He first 
dissolved the quire, conveyed away the plate and ornaments, then the bells, 
and lastly, put out the alms-men from their houses, appointing them portions 
of twelve pence the week to each ; their houses were then let, and the church 
disposed of as a preaching- place for the French nation. (Stow. J 

E 



26 

but was rebuilt at an expence of £3,300, by the French con- 
gregation alone, from collections and voluntary contributions. 
It appears that they unsuccessfully urged the Dutch congrega- 
tion to contribute to the expense, first, because by the rebuild- 
ing they would be relieved from the trouble of the French 
preaching in the Dutch church ; secondly, that the Dutch 
were to use the French church every month ; thirdly, that 
Francois de la Riviere and Rd. Francois, named in King 
Edward's patent, were French ministers, and that one of the 
conditions, on allowing the Dutch to use the Temple of Jesus, 
was, that they should pay half the rent of the French church. — 
The new building was opened for service on the 22nd of 
August, 1669. In April, 1840, it was purchased by the city, 
for the new approaches to the Royal Exchange, and on the 16th 
of September, a jury valued the leasehold interest at £2,000., 
and the freehold at £1,977., the carving and interior fittings to 
be reserved for use in a new building. It was soon afterwards 
pulled down, and a new church has since been erected near 
the new post office, in St. Martin's le Grand ; and it is singular 
that this new church should be situated on land purchased for 
the purpose, of Christ's Hospital, an institution which also 
owed its origin to the piety and benevolence of Edw. VI. 

The new church, (to which a house for the Minister is at- 
tached) is from a design in pointed Gothic of Mr. Owen, the 
Architect, and was opened for public worship on Sunday, the 
19th of March, 1843, on which occasion the Rev. W. G. Dau- 
gars and the Rev. Fr. Martin preached to crowded congrega- 
tions, and several anthems were sung with the assistance of the 
excellent organ. The congregation has continued to increase, 
drawn together by the pious and talented discourses of the 
ministers, and by the excellent manner in which the whole ser- 
vice is performed, under the indefatigable superintendence of 
M. Daugars, the resident Pastor. 

Upon the completion of the church, a question of great 
importance occupied for some weeks the attention of the con- 
sistory, composed of the two pastors, and the elders and 



27 

deacons of the church, namely, as to the mode of consecration 
of their new temple. Some members of the consistory, ani- 
mated by the truest zeal and anxiety, thought that it would 
add great importance to the ancient French Protestant Church, 
if the Bishop of London were requested to come and conse- 
crate to God their new house of prayer. Others however, 
grounding their opinion upon the Presbyterian principle, the 
basis of this, as well as of all the Protestant churches of 
France, and recollecting the spirit of freedom and religious 
liberty which their fathers had transmitted to them, were op- 
posed to such a consecration, and, while all were entertaining 
the utmost respect and deference to the representative of the 
English church, it was decided that the consecration should be 
conducted according to the ceremonies of the Reformed Church 
of France. The consistory therefore chose the Rev. Fr. Mar- 
tin to read the prayers, and the Rev. W. G. Daugars to preach 
the inauguration sermon. It was also determined to invite 
the Lord Bishop to the ceremony, which was done by a suita- 
ble letter written by the pastors. His lordship in his reply, 
assured the consistory of his good wishes, and of the pleasure 
the invitation had given him, but being about to leave London 
on account of his health, he found it impossible to be present 
on the occasion personally, though he promised to be so with 
his prayers. 

On the front of the organ gallery, is a dedication of the 
church, embodying, in a few simple but expressive words, the 
history of the faith and devotion of those early refugees who 
sacrificed their wealth, their country, their all, for the sake of 
their God and Saviour. The passages are taken from the 
exordium of the sermon preached by M. Daugars on the day 
of consecration, and are as follow : 

"Nous sommes les serviteurs du Dieu des cieux et de la terre, et 
nous rebatissons la maison que nos Peres fugitifs et persecutes pour 
leur foi, Sont venus batir ici il y a bien des annees. 

" Eux, lis ont seme avec larmes. 



28 

" Nous, nous moissonnons avec chant de triomphe ! 

" Ici au milieu d'un grand peuple, nos Peres ont trouve la douce 
hospitalite, le repos : . Nous, — avec le toit paternel, nous y avons 
trouve la patrie ! 

" O Seigneur Eternel, tu as ete toujours pour ton peuple, une 
retraite d'age en age ! aussi, a toi Seul est des maintenant cette 
maison ! et dans cette maison, a Toi Seul sage, Seul misericordieux, 
Sera notre adoration aux siecles des siecles !" 

The strangers having obtained from Edwd. VI. the church 
of the Augustine Friars, used the same for their service. 
Those also settled at other cities and towns, obtained the use 
of some place for worship, and the whole united, (together 
with the Italian church), in holding synods for the good go- 
vernment of their churches and protection of their privileges. 
The first synod of which a full account has been met with, was 
held on the 16th of March, 1603, when* the ministers from 
various French and Dutch churches attended. The next was 
in 1634, on the occasion of the Archbishop Laud's injunction 
for conformity; the next were in 1641,f 1644, and 1647. 

Besides the synods, the Walloon and French congregations 
held conferences, fcolloquesj, composed of a minister and 
elder from each congregation, for the purpose of settling points 
of faith and discipline, and appeals from the consistories, &c. 

* (3 May, 1575, Coetus.) En la mesme assemblee du Coetus, dit cy 
devant, fut par ceux de FEglise flamende propose, que FEvesque de Londres 
avoit dit, que les anabaptistes dejaprisonniers sils demeuroient obstinez seroient 
executez a la mort par le Feu, ce que advenant nous voions beaucoup d'in- 
convenient a nos Eglises mesme quil convient au regard des anabaptiste et de 
ceux qui inclinent a telles heresies cela n'a (viene) par quel moien on pouroit 
procurer moderation d'un tel decret, fut conclu que ceux qui ont adresse aux 
Seigneurs du Conseil procureroit pardon sil estoit possible, et que cependant on 
parle a FEevsque luy montrant la simplicity de ces Gens. 

f In this year was published, certain regulations for church government, in- 
tituled " Police et discipline ecclesiastique, observee es Eglises de la Langue 
Francaise, recueillies en ce royaume d'Angleterre, sous la protection de notre 
Souverain Sire Charles (que Dieu conserve en toute heureuse prosperity) selon 
qu'elle a ete revue par le synode des dites Eglises, en Fan mdcxli." 



29 

These conferences were held annually, at the various places in 
rotation, at which the congregations belonging to the confer- 
ence were settled. The first conference of which a full account 
has been met with, was held in London, 19th May, 1581. In 
subsequent years, down to the year 1660, there had been 
30 collogues held at Canterbury, Norwich, Rye, Southampton, 
&c, they were latterly, however, exclusively held in London. 
On the occasion of any differences between the minister 
and elders, or congregation, they were frequently referred to 
the Bishop of London, as the Superintendant under their 
Charter ; but on several occasions, the Crown itself has inter- 
fered as arbitrator, and also to recommend or approve the 
choice of ministers, &c, &c. Amongst the papers at this 
church, are two or three documents of this description, under 
the sign manual of Charles II. The benevolent interest which 
Bishop Grindall took in the welfare of the strangers, is hap- 
pily expressed by M. Baup in his "Discours Historique." 

" En acceptant .les fonctions de Surintendant, il avait embrasse 
avec une vraie affection et un zele tout apostolique, les interets spiri- 
tuels des Eglises etrangeres qui s'etaient placees sous sa direction. II 
entra avec elles dans des rapports constants, pour ainsi dire, jour- 
naliers, qui furent toujours de sa part pleins de bienveillance et de 
charite. Se conformant a nos usages, c'etait lui, par exemple, qui 
constituait les pasteurs que le troupeau avait elus sur la presentation 
des anciens et des diacres ; il veillait au maintien de la discipline ; 
ordonnait l'election de nouveaux anciens &c, &c. Dans une circon- 
stance fort grave, il vint prononcer dans le Temple des Flamans une 
sentence d' excommunication contre le Ministre Hollandais Ham- 
stedius, qui avait adopte des idees erronees sur la nature humaine de 
Jesus, et avait favorise les anabaptistes. La sentence prononcee 
d'abord enFlamand, est-il dit, 'fut puis apres ratifiee en Anglais par 
Monseigneur l'Eveque de Londres, montant en chaire, faisant une 
bonne et sainte exhortation a tout ie peuple de vivre charitablement 
et selon la verite, et de considerer les benefices que Dieu leur fait en 
ce pays de les recevoir amiablement, a cette fin de ne donner scandale 
a ceux du pays'. " Plus tard, (1565,) l'Eveque donna ordre qu' aucun 



30 

de nos membres ne fut recu dans les Eglises Anglaises, sans permis- 
sion de nos pasteurs ; il ordonna que tous les etrangers se joignissent 
regulierement a l'Eglise Francaise ou a l'Eglise Hollandaise." 

The strangers were called upon by Queen Elizabeth to 
contribute to the assistance she was about to give to Henri IV. 
On that occasion the congregation appears to have been in a 
state of great destitution. The following is the reply of M. 
Castoll to the Archbishop : — 

" Ceux qui avaient quelque fortune avaient deja fait tout ce qui 
etait en leur pouvoir pour aider le Roi ; tandis que les hommes pau- 
vres, en etat de porter les armes, etaient partis pour se joindre a son 
armee laissant a la charge de l'Eglise leurs femmes et leurs enfans. 
Ceux qui restent ici, epuises quils sont par des calamites contumelies 
et battus par les tempetes d 'une guerre si souvent renouvelee, ayant 
frequemment fait naufrage ne soutiennent qu'avec peine une misera- 
ble existence. Voila pour ceux qui sont Francais d'origine parmi 
nous. Quant aux autres, venus de Hanovre de Flandre et des 
dominations Espagnoles, ils ne sont pas moins pauvres et denues, a 
un petit nombre d' exceptions pres. Le travail manque ; la pauvrete 
est croissante ; la caisse des pauvres est en dette." 

In the year 1744, the Baron de Saintipolite wrote on behalf 
of George II. to this church, to know " the number of French 
Protestants willing to take up arms in case His Majesty re- 
quired their services in this conjuncture;" and the various 
ministers were to meet at Spring Garden Chapel to prepare 
the returns. 

It has been customary for the Dutch and Walloon churches 
to congratulate each Bishop of London, and each Lord Mayor, 
upon their first accession to their dignity and charge, and to 
present the Lord Mayor with two silver cups, " du poids d'en- 
viron 105 onces — les deux."* The ministers and elders after- 
wards dined with the Lord Mayor at the mansion-house, and 
on retiring, gave about six guineas to his officers : the purport 

* " 14 December, 1738. The Elders of the French and Dutch churches, in 
number about 20, attended by their ministers, waited upon the Lord Mayor to 
beg his protection, and presented two large silver cups ; his lordship receive 



31 



of the speeches to the Bishop, in Latin, and to the Lord Mayor, 
in English, is given in Stow's London, p. 439. When this 
congratulation was made in 1721, the Lord Mayor begged to 
be excused receiving the ordinary presents, since which, both 
the present and the dinner ceased. 

This church has preserved very voluminous records of bap- 
tisms and marriages, which have taken place in the congrega- 
tion. The register books are twelve in number, from the year 
1599*, and are deposited in the non-parochial registration 
office in the Rolls Yard, pursuant to the 3 and 4 Vic. cap. 92. 

The earliest register is a thick folio in vellum, intituled 
" Du Dynche 13 e Jo r de Jenvyer, 1599," and contains about 
8800 baptisms and 800 marriages. In another book the chil- 
dren baptised are 3529 males and 3518 females. In the fifth 
book, intituled " Registre des batemes benis dans nos deux 
Eglises," the males are 2831, the females 2816. 




THE SEAL OP THE FRENCH CHURCH. 



them in an obliging manner, and assured them of his favour. This custom 
has been neglected 15 years, and we cannot guess why it is revived." fGenfs 
Mag.) 

* As the church was established fifty years before this date, there is no 
doubt that the earlier records have been lost. 

The "Actes" of the vestry are contained in several thick folio volumes, 
commencing 2 January, 1588. 

The library belonging to this church, contains about 1300 volumes, some of 
them being old and scarce works ; amongst them is a copy of the " Roman 
de la Rose." 



32 



EXTRACTS FROM THE FOREGOING REGISTERS. 

Le Mardy, 22e de Januier, 1599. 
Stile d'Angleterre. 
"Anno Dni. 1599. 

" Jean filz de Jean du Quesne natif de Londres at Sara fille de Jean 
de Francqueuiile, natifue d'Anucis furent espousez en l'Eglise de la 
langue Francoise en Londres le diet jour." 

" Januier 19, 1636 Stil Angl : furent mariez, Mathias du Bois, 
Natif de Lille, et Jenne Denys, veufue de Jean Denese aussi Natif 
de Lille espousez en cette Eglise. 

" Marster Guilbert Primerose Docteur de Theologie et Chapelain 
du Roy, et pasteur de ceste Eglise et Jeane Hersey vefue de feu 
Monsieur Aurelius Natif de Londre, (14 Dec., 1637.) 

(Baptise) " Du Dimauche, Troisoiesme Januier, 169^- Philippe 
fils de Jean Baptiste Bauaij et Marie sa femme pou parain Philippe 
Gaiez, pour Maraine Sara Gaiez." 

1634 Daniel Mahieu and Anne Bretforth. 

,, Thos. Carpenter (Oxon) and Sara Chevalier, Canterbury. 

1635 Adam Coppinger and Esther Marie. 
„ Jehan de Camp and Louise de Luna. 

„ Wm. Mariot (Leicr.) and Marie de Luna. 

1636 Rev. Pierre d'Assigni and Elizth. Marie. 

1637 Rev. Nathl. Marie (Leicestersh.) and Estre le Hure Wo, of 

Andie Joye. 

1640 Jaques de Primerose, M. D. and Louise de Hautmont. 

,, Guilbert de Primerose Dr en Theol: and Louise de Lobel Wo. 

1 642 Edwd. Walls, Somerset, and Esther Pinchon, Canterbury. 

„ Jean le More and Eliz. Toute le monde. 

1669 John de la Chambre and Elizth. Martel. 

1642 Philip Glover, Aylesbury, and Eliz. du Bourg. 

1645 Jaques Guiot and Anne Bultel, Wo. of Jaqs. Maurbis. 

1647 Mr. Christofle Cisener and Marie de Haze. 

„ Jean Ducane du Quesne and Ester de la place. 

„ Loveington Pamphlin and Eliz. de Neu. 

„ Jean Stables, of Darby, and Jeane Creuleu. 

„ Thos. Tookie, of St. Ives, and Eliz. Vincant. 



33 

1660 Rev. Jean Escoffier and Isabeau Blanque. 

1663 Rev. Jaqs. Felles and Sara Halliart. 

1664 Jean Delme and Debh. Leadbitter. 

1666 Rev. David Primerose and Sarah Halliart, Wo. of Jaqs. 

Felles 
1662 Jean du Bois and Sara Waldo, Dr. of Daniel W. 

1669 Arnold de Lillers and Marie le More. 

1670 Saml. de Spagne and Marie Baudry. 
1687 Michel de la Marre and Suse. Pontin. 

„ Michel Brunet, W. and Marie Panou. 

1689 Louis de le Mare and Mary Ann Loujas. 

„ Wm. Turner, Esq., Canterbury, and Anne Marie Papillon. 

1695 Isaac de la Mare and Marie Grou. 

Besides these register books, there is a large folio, appear- 
ing to be a transcript from the registers of various French 
chapels at the East end of London ; it is intituled 

" Repertoire General ou Abrege des Registres des Baptemes dans 
les Eglises de la Patente, Crispin Street, Wheeler Street, Le Marche, 
Bell Lane, et Brown's Lane, situees dans le Spitalfields, depuis 
l'annee, 1689." 

It ends with 1775, comprising 338 pages, and about 5070 
baptisms. 

La Patente Baptisms 1689 to 1775 

Crispin St. „ 1694 „ 1715 

Perle St. „ 1700 „ 1701 

Wheeler St. „ 1703 „ 1742 

Bell Lane „ 1711 „ 1716 

Eglise de Marche „ 1719 „ 1719 

Brown's Lane „ „ „ 1738 



34 



A LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE 


LONDON WALLOON CHURCH 




Francois La Riviere* 


1550 


Jean Castel 


1582 


Richard Francoisf 


1550 


Saml. Le Chevallier 


1591 


Nicolas des Gallars, dit 




Aaron Cappel 


> » 


De Saules 


1560 


Nathl. Marie 


1601 


Pierre Alexandre^ 


1561 


Abm. Aurelius 


1605 


Jean Cousin 


1562 


Jean Maximilien de Lan- 




Estienne Marnuer 


1568 


gle 


1621 


Pierre L/oiseleur, dit De 




Gilbert Primerose|| 


1623 


Villiers 


1574 


Pierre Dumoulin§ 


1624 


Robt. lie Macon, dit de 




Ezechiel Marmet^f 


1631 


la Fontaine 


>> 


Louis Herault 


1643 



* Francois Perucel, dit La Riviere estoit Cordelier et Instructeur des Novices 
au convent de Paris, de's 1'annee 1542 ; il imita Francois Landri et preche 
librement le Caresme et les Avents— Beza, to i. p. 30. II fut de la Conference 
qui tint a St. Germain en 1561, en presence de la Reine, du Roi et de la Reine 
de Navarre, au sujet des usages. Avec Marloret de Beza et Baybastes, — ibidem 
1692. II se trouve a la Bataille de Dreux en 1562, etant Ministre du Prince. 
Celu ci aiant este pris, Perucel crut tout perdu et il se sauve avec Throg- 
morton Ambassadeur d'Angleterre a Nogent ou estoit la Douairiere de Bouil- 
lon, que leur aiant fait bonne mine les livra le lendemain. Ce qui fut manage 
par le providence, Perucel aiant beaucoup contribue a fortifier le Prince pen- 
dent sa Prison. Beza ii. p. 242. 

•f* Richard Vauville, alias Francois, Augustin a environ 1533, fait beau- 
coup de fruit a Bourges, et a este un excellent ministre. II est mort ministre 
en l'Eglise francoise de Franckfort apres la dissipation de celle en Angleterre 
ou il avoit long terns servi tres heureusement. — De Beze histoire Ecclesias- 
tique torn i. p.p. 56, 57. 

J Pierre Alexandre was one of those patronised by Cranmer; he was the 
Colleague of M. de Saules, whose salary as Pastor was £50., Mr. Alexandre's 
was twenty marcs. 

|| Guilbert Primerose one of the King's Chaplains. 

§ Pierre Dumoulin, well known as one of the principal Teachers among the 
French Reformers, and as the author of many excellent works, — du Bouclier 
de la Foi, de la Defense de la Confession des Eglises Reformees, du Combat 
Chretien, De la Vocation des Pasteurs, $c, fyc. During his short sojourn in 
England, he preached before James I. who criticized his book of the Vocation 
des Pasteurs. Dumoulin's son was the author of " Traite sur la paix de 
Z'ame"— died at Sedan, 1658, Aet 90. His son Peter obtained a Prebend at 
Canterbury, was Chaplain to Charles II. and the author of several works. 

% Ezechiel Marmet the author of Meditations on the passage of Job, (xviii. 
v. 23,27,) " I know that my Redeemer liveth." 



35 



Jean de la Marche 

Christofle Cisner 

Jean Baptiste Stouppe 

Elie Delme* 

Jacques Felles 

David Primerose 

Louis Herault (revient)f 

Marc Michel Michely 

Pierre Mussard 

Charles Poizet 

Aaron Testas 

Paul Gravisset 

Charles BertheauJ 

Theodore Blanc 

Jaques Collas de la Treille 1 700 

Jaques Saurin|| 

Ezechiel Barbauld 



1643 


Saml. Bezombes 


1704 


1647 


Henry de St. Colome 


1711 


1652 


Jean Jaques Claude§ 


>> 


1653 


Paul de la Douespe 


1720 


1660 


Jaques de Mazures 


1730 


„ 


Jean Baptiste Gedeon 




„ 


Bouyer 


1734 


1671 


Abm. Pierre Babineau 


1740 


1675 


David Renaud Bollier 


1749 


1683 


Paul Convenant 


>> 


1687 


Gedeon Patron 


1751 


>> 


Francois Louis de Bons 


1752 


a 


Benjn. Francs. Housse- 




1693 


mayn de Boulay 


j> 


1700 


David Hy. Durand 


1760 


1701 


Louis de la Chaumette 


1761 


1704 


Jean Romilly 


1766 



* Delme — A disagreement took place about 1652, between Delme and his 
co-pastors Cisner and Stouppe, as to the observance of holydays ; Cisner and 
Stouppe with the Consistory suspended Delme, who appealed to the Colloquy, 
while Cisner contended that the Coetus should decide the matter. In 1656, a 
great many families of the congregation presented a petition to Oliver Crom- 
well, praying a reference of the matter to the Colloquy, which was accordingly 
granted.— fStow, vol. i. 443 .) 

f Louis Herault was a Minister in Normandy, he was called to this Church 
temp : Car. I. and was so zealous a royalist, that he was forced to fly to France 
to escape the fury of the commonwealth men ; he returned at the restoration 
to the Walloon Church, and afterwards obtained a Canonry at Canterbury, 
which he enjoyed till his death. 

% Charles Bertheau, born at Montpellier in 1667, died in London, 26th 
December, 1732. 

|| Jaques Saurin,bom at Nismes, 6 January, 1677 ; he preached in London 
about five years, and then retired to the Hague, where he preached to a con- 
gregation of French Refugees in a chapel belonging to the Prince of Orange. 
He died in 1730. He was the author of twelve volumes of Sermons, — "The 
state of Christianity in France," Discourses, Historical, Critical, and Moral, on 
the most remarkable events of the Old and New Testament, &c. 

§ Jean Jaques Claude, born at the Hague, 16 January, 1684, son of Isaac 
Claude, Pastor at the Hague, and grandson of the celebrated Jean Claude. 



36 



Jaques Renaud Bollier 
Jaqs. George Chantepie 

de la Saussaye 
Jean Le Cointe 
Louis Mercier 
Louis Amedee Anspach 
Chas. Louis Hy. Scholl 



1769 


Charles Sampson Elizee 






Saml. Boiceau 


1822 


}> 


Jean Louis Bonnet 


1830 


1778 


Auguste Louis 


1835 


1784 


Paul Chas. Baup* 


1836 


1812 


Francois Martin 


1839 


1820 


W. G. Daugars 


1842 




THE NEW FRENCH CHURCH, ST. MARTIN'S LE GRAND. 



* P. C. Baup—M Baup was recalled to Geneva in 1842, having first preached 
the last Sermon delivered at the Old Church in Threadneedle Street, which 
was published in that year with many historical notes. 



37 

The property now remaining applicable to the support of 
this church, its ministers, poor, &c, is very considerable, and 
consists amongst other particulars, of a freehold house in Al- 
bemarle Street, Piccadilly, now let at £150. per annum, — 
a large building in Church Street, Spitalfields, formerly l'Eg- 
lise Neuve, now let to the Wesleyan Methodists, at £10.5. per 
annum, — a small chapel formerly called " L'Artillerie," in 
Artillery Street, Spitalfields, now let to a dissenting congre- 
gation, — various sums in the government funds, &c. &c. The 
sum annually distributed in relief to the poor exceeds £700.* 



* In the vestry is a list of upwards of seven hundred bequests to this 
church. Among others are the following : — 



1750 


Marie du Casse 


7901 


17 


» 


Marie du Casse her niece 


14542 


13 


1788 


Noel Cossart 


3653 






Jeane Basse of Mile End, by will dated 17 March, 1753, gave to the elders 
and deacons £2,000. 3 per cents., in trust, to pay the dividends to ten poor 
men and women, with preference to her own poor relations, and she nominated 
as the first six annuitants Wm. Le Keux, Peter Walker, Benjamin Hitchman, 
Jeremiah Atkins, Daniel Lepine, and Elizabeth Compton. 

Esther Coquean, by will dated 17 December, 1743, gave the like sum to the 
deacons and their successors, the dividends to be paid to ten poor maids or 
widows aged fifty or more, for their lives, with preference to her own relations, 
and she nominated Judith Hitchman widow her cousin, and her daughter 
Mary Hitchman, Sush. Chalvelhear, Margt. Rusano, and Eilenor Darnecour. 



38 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE FRENCH CHURCHES AT CANTERBURY, SANDWICH, NORWICH, 
AND SOUTHAMPTON. 



CANTERBURY. 
In consequence of the persecutions on account of their reli- 
gion, thousands of trades people in the Spanish Netherlands 
fled to England about the year 1567. It would seem however 
that a Walloon Church had been established at Canterbury, 
some years previously to the Reign of Edward VI. for such is 
the tradition among the present congregation in that city ; and 
it is also stated, that in 1561, Queen Elizabeth as a further 
mark of her favour, granted these Walloons the undercroft of 
the Cathedral Church, as a place of worship for themselves and 
their successors. This undercroft they have continued to use 
up to the present time.* 

* Buncombe's Historical Description of Canterbury, p. 150. 

When Calvin's sons, from Artois* fruitful fields, 

Blind persecution's iron hand expells, 
This fostering Church, maternal shelter yields. 

Beneath her roof, where gospel freedom dwells, 
Beneath her spacious roof, in rites divine 

Lo ! various sects and various tongues unite ; 
In blissful league, French, Germans, Britons join, 

While hovering Angels listen with delight. 

The descendants of the foreign Protestants believed that Queen Elizabeth 
had given them the use of the undercroft, but they had no written evidence 
of it, although search was made for it. The enquiry arose in consequence of 
the Archbishop at a Visitation, asking the ministers of the Walloon congrega- 
tion, how they came possessed of this undercroft? The Dean replied, "by 
permission of the Dean and Chapter." Upon which, one of the Walloon 



39 

Those refugees who were weavers in silks and stuffs, made 
choice of Canterbury for their habitation, where they might 
have the benefit of the river, and an easy communication with 
the metropolis. For this purpose they had the Queen's letter 
of licence in her third year, (1561,) directed to the Mayor,* 
for such of them as should be approved of by the Archbishop, 
to remain here for the purpose of exercising their trades, so 
that they did not exceed a certain number therein mentioned, 
and as many servants as were necessary to carry on their 
business. f 

Their numbers increased from time to time, in consequence 
of the continuance of the foreign persecution for religion, so 
that in 1634, the number of communicants in the Walloon 
Church was increased to nine hundred.* At the beginning of 
the Reign of Charles II. anno 1665, there were in this city 
126 master weavers, their whole number here being near 1300, 
and they employed 759 English, so that the King thought 
proper to grant them a Charter in 1676, by which it appears 
that their numbers were then little short of 2500. 

By this Charter they were enabled to become a Company, 
by the name and description of " The Master, Wardens, As- 
sistants, and fellowship of Weavers."|| 

ministers said, " I ask pardon sir, it was given by the Crown." This assertion 
gave the Dean offence, and he threatened that unless they proved their right, 
or acknowledged their error, he would shut up the doors of their church. 

* See Appendix. Petition of the strangers and the articles granted by the 
Mayor and Aldermen. 

f 1567. A company of the Walloons or strangers is allowed to inhabit 
within the liberties of the city, by order of the Queen's Council, under the 
direction of the Burghmote. They are said to have come from Winchelsea. — 
Records of the Burghmote. 

On the 22nd March, 1586, was a petition from the Company of Merchants of 
the Staple, to prevent the Walloons at Canterbury, (who were intending to de- 
part from this realm and go to Direcksea in Zealand,) from exporting Wool- 
fells.— (Lrnisd. MSS. vol. UJ 

% Hasted's Kent, vol. xi. 8vo. p. 92. 

|| By an order of the Privy Council, 2nd May, 1613, it was ordered that the 



40 

About 1634, Archbishop Laud seemed inclined, as already 
stated, to break through the toleration which had been granted 
to the Dutch and Walloons on their settlement in England, 
and to be very harsh with them on the score of religion ; in- 
sisting on their conformity with the English Liturgy and 
Church Government. He cited accordingly the ministers of 
the Dutch Churches at Maidstone and Sandwich to appear at 
his Consistory Court at Canterbury, and before himself at Lam- 
beth, to answer certain interrogatories proposed to them. The 
congregations were much alarmed at his proceedings, and 
deputed one of their ministers and lay elders to supplicate his 
favour ;* but he was inexorable. They contrived however to 
delay the matter until the Scotch War came on, and then the 
persecution ceased. John Bulteel, the then minister of the 
Walloon Congregation at Canterbury, published in 1645 a 
small 4to. volume, being " A Relation of the Troubles of the 
Three Foreign Churches in Kent."t 

said congregation should, "according to His Majesty's gracious pleasure, 
peaceably and freely enjoy all such privileges, liberties, and immunities, and 
be permitted to use their assemblies and congregations in as ample manner as 
heretofore hath been allowed to them in the time of Queen Elizabeth or since." 

About 1650, a curious dispute arose before the Court of Burghmote; the 
common carriers complaining that the master weavers had employed a non- 
freeman to convey their wares to London, and the master weavers urging 
various reasons for so doing ; amongst others, that the complainants employed 
the Dover waggoner to convey the goods to London, that as he travelled after 
sunset, (which their own carrier never did,) he had frequently been robbed of 
their goods, &c, &c. 

* The following is from a petition to the King, from the Canterbury Wal- 
loon Church about 1686. That they were never disturbed in their marriages 
till 1637, when endeavours were made to exempt the second and third descent 
of foreign strangers, but after representation, they were again permitted to 
enjoy their said religion till January last. That since January, John Six and 
Mary le Houcq were married in the Walloon Church by M. Delon, whereupon 
they were excommunicated by the Consistory Court of Canterbury, for a 
clandestine marriage, and M. Delon suspended from his ministry. It prays a 
continuation of the favours originally granted — absolution of John Six and 
Mary le Houcq, and restitution of the minister. 

f Upon reference to this volume, it appears that "a note was given to 



41 

Towards the latter end of the 18th century, the silk weaving 
manufactory here had greatly decayed, the most part of it 
being removed to Spitalfields, there being in 1799 not more 
than ten master weavers, and only about eighty communicants. 
— ( Hasted.) 

The following memoranda have been collected relative to 
this congregation. 

15 82 — The Burghmote direct that no more strangers shall be 
suffered to live in the city, unless allowed by the Mayor and three 
Aldermen under their hands and seals. 

1642 — The Walloons are to have two seals, to seal their two sorts 
of sayes. 

1657 — Seven hundred and thirty-nine poor persons employed as 
woolcombers. 

1687 — The weavers have their Hall at the Blackfriars in this city. 

In a copy of a petition to the Lords of Trade and Plantations, and 
now in the City Chamber, it is stated, that the trade of the strangers 
is weaving all sorts of silk, and silk mixed with wool; that in 1694 
they had 1000 looms at work in this city, employing above 2700 
people, but shortly afterwards their looms were reduced to 200 by 
the importation of East India silks and calicos ; that in 1719 there 
were only 334 looms in use in the city, and 58 master weavers living 
there, w r ho had 51 apprentices, and that no journeymen were allowed 
to take apprentices, but were paid by the piece, according to the 
richness of the work. 

" Our congregation doe bare armes in the traine bands for his 

Sir John Coke by Dr. Primrose and Mr. Bulteel, of the numbers of 

foreigners belonging to the foreign churches," viz. : — 

French and Walloons of London . . 1400 

Dutch of London 140 

Walloons of Canterbury . . . . 900 

Dutch of Colchester 700 

Walloons of Norwich . . . . 396 

Dutch of Norwich . . . . . . 363 

Dutch of Maidstone . . . . 50 

Dutch of Sandwich 500 

Dutch of Yarmouth . . . . 28 

Walloons of Southampton . . . . 36 

G 



42 

Ma tie service to the number of fifty men and upwards. We have 
from time to time shewed our affection and readiness to advance his 
cause in the rising in Kent, where divers of us have ventured their 
lives and estates for the King's service to his Majesty, — first, in the 
gift presented unto him at his coming into England ; also in the 
poule money, and more largely in the act of benevolence." 

At the Court at Whitehall, 29th September, 1639, upon 
consideration of the certificate of Mr. Attorney General, con- 
cerning differences between the weavers of London and Can- 
terbury ; His Majesty ordered — 

1 . That there shall be still (as there hath been since the erection 
of the Silk Office,) six-pence paid at the said office upon every 
pound of silk, both by natives and strangers ; and six-pence more 
paid by strangers, and two-pence by natives, upon all stuffe manu- 
factured. 

2. That all stuff made at Canterbury shall be searched and sealed 
there, and not brought to the Hall at London to be sealed. 

3. That all deceitful stuff made either by natives or strangers, 
be forfeited, defaced, and destroyed. 

4. A bond in £100. penalty for securing His Majesty's duty. 
That the weavers of London and Canterbury be severed by several 
letters patent, the one from the other. 

That the Deputy Alnager shall forthwith alter his seal to the form 
it was formerly, or else to some other forme differing from His 
Majesty's seal. — Hastens Kent, 8vo. Additions to Canterbury, vol, 
xi. From the City Records. 

26th April, 1631. Letter from the Privy Council to Lord Maid- 
stone, the Mayor and Recorder of Canterbury, &c, to assist the 
congregation in enforcing their rules, for the good government of the 
trade and congregation. 

1651 — A bond (penes me,) from Ab m Landing of Sturry, Fuller, to 
the Overseers appointed in the Old Hall of Weavers, that whosoever 
brings any Sayes to full and thick, he will full and thick them con- 
veniently, and without neglect, and receive no piece before it has 
been measured at the Hall. 

1641. By reason of the war in Picardy, Artois, and Flanders, 



43 

many other Walloons are resorting to this city, and more are daily 
expected ; it is agreed that if they do conform to the government of 
the city and the orders of the congregation, they may live as they 
have done for sixty years and upwards ; it being found that by their 
trade they have been beneficial to the city. And a book is to be 
provided, in which their names shall be entered with their testi- 
monials. 

28th August, 1661. The King's letter requiring the Church not 
to admit or use Mr. Stoupe as minister, but give him to understand 
he is not to return to this kingdom, he being a known agent, and a 
common intelligencer of the late usurpers. 

In 1 663, the silk weavers of M. Jonon's congregation peti- 
tioned the Court of Burghmote, praying that the rules of the 
Hall might be re- established, which for some years past, by 
reason of the troubles of the kingdom, and divisions among 
themselves, had been very much neglected : certain rules are 
proposed for adoption, among which are — That the sealer may 
seal only Canterbury manufacture; in case of suspicion that any 
piece is of foreign make, the owner be taken before the Mayor ; 
that the officer for measuring the stuffs, "be sworne to the 
secresie of the trade, not to discover one man's fashion to 
another, &c." — City Records. 

1663 — Assizes were holden this year before Sir Orlando Bridgman 
and Sir Samuel Browne, Kn ts# two of the King's Justices, at the 
request of the inhabitants of Canterbury, to try a question between 
the Citizens and the Walloons, who deny contributing to the assess- 
ments for the relief of the English poor of the city. 

14th November, 1662. At a Court at Whitehall, at which 
the King was present ; the matter referred on the 5th of No- 
vember 1662 to the Solicitor General was considered. The 
Solicitor General's report states that he had caused to come 
before him six Walloons of each party, and with the assistance 
of Sir Thomas Peyton, Bart., it had been agreed — 

1. That all divisions occasioned by the late separation, be for 
ever forgotten. 



44 

2. That both parties shall unite in one entire congregation. 

3. That they immediately proceed to a choice of a minister, who 
is to be presented to the general colloque for approbation. 

4. Nothing to be done or spoken to the contempt of the liturgy, 
doctrine, or discipline of the Church of England. 

5. That they maintain their own poor, 

Which things being agreed to, it was submitted to His 
Majesty— 

1 . That the usual place of meeting near the Cathedral be con-, 
tinued as formerly. 

2. That for avoiding the penalties of nonconformity, this congre- 
gation be declared a part of the foreign reformed churches. 

3. That they be not taxed for any poor but their own. 

All which the Council confirmed, and required the Mayor 
and Aldermen of the City of Canterbury, &c. to take due care 
that this agreement be performed. 

In Mr. Turner's expressions before the judge at the assize at 
Maidstone, 1st August, 1679, it is stated that the congregation did 
contain 2500 communicants. — "That the strangers at their first 
coming in in Queen Elizabeth's raigne, they were then poore and 
distressed strangers, but now they are grown hoger and moger." 

The following property belongs to the congregation, — 

Annual produce. 

Several pieces of land in Burmarsh in Kent, given in £. s. d. 
1675, — surviving Trustees, Peter Delasaux, I. Hul- 
bert, Lewis Decaufour . . . . 46 

A Rent Charge on an Estate at Ickham, to purchase 
wood fuel for the poor Walloons, by Will of Ab m 
Didierinl688 .. .. .. 10 

Two Tenements in the Borough of Staplegate, for the 
maintenance of the Walloon poor, by Deed 1726, 
I. Legrand, Peter Legrand, — . Legrand 

Legacies, collections, contributions, &c, by the members 
of the French congregation, to form a revenue for 
the minister and poor, (from 1570 to 1786.) 
£1,200 Old South Sea Annuities; Trustees, Peter 
Delaseux, James Six, I. Legrand, John Claris 36 



45 



THE FOLLOWING WERE MINISTERS OF THIS CONGREGATION. 



Anthoine Lescaillet, (died 1596,) . 

Noe 

Samuel Le Chevalier 

Philippe Delme, (died 22nd April, 1653,) 

Jean Bulteel i 

Paul Georges j 

Joseph Poujade, (1647,*) 

Paul Georgier, (died 15th March, 1689,) 

Pierre Le Keux, formerly minister at Dover, 

Philipe Le Keux 

Elie Paul D'Arande 

Arnaud Boucherie, (died 3rd July, 1685,) 

M. Delon, (died 28th December, 1686) 

Pierre Trouillart 

Jacob Le Bailly (died 16th July, 1698,) 

M. Trepsac 

Jaques Gast de Lavauref 
M. Cherpentier ' 
Jaques Cartault^: 



1581 
1592 
1595 
1619 

1630 

1638 
1648 
1653 
1654 
1664 
1670 

1686 
1690 
1698 
1699 
1700 
1702 



* There were many charges against the moral character of this minister, 
which for two or three years were entertained by the colloquy, which pro- 
nounced sentence in 1647. 

On the 31 March, 1648, the House of Commons referred the petition of the 
elders of this church, to the committee of plundered ministers. On tho 17th 
of April following, the committee after referring to the expulsion of Mr. Pou- 
jade from the ministry, by the decrees of the consistory of the colloque and 
of the synod, and to his having refused submission, and taking upon himself 
to officiate in an English Church at Canterbury to a party of the French con- 
gregation — ordered, that Mr. Poujade should not officiate or do any act con- 
trary to the sentence of the synod, and ordered that the Mayor and Justices 
should suppress all divisions against the peace of the congregation and their 
discipline. The congregation thereupon complained to the court of Burghmote 
of the divisions caused by Mr. Poujade and continued by Mr. De la Prix and 
their adherents, who had obtained possession of the Hall, broken the aiticles, 
and detained the Charter, and they therefore prayed for redress. 

f Married at Hungerford Chapel to Marie Bossatran of Wandsworth. 

% Married at Hungerford Chapel, 8 October, 1702, to Dame Madelain 
Pierresene. 



46 

M. Delaroche .. .. .. .. 1707 

Paul Fourestier .. .. .. .. 1712 

■ de la Rose, (died 7th January, 1712,) . . 

Charles Dubles, (1767,) .. .. .. 1748 

Francois Durand, (1767,) .. .. .. 1767 

Jean Francis Mieville, (died 19th January, 1840, set 79,) 1789 

The registers are contained in nine volumes. 
No. 1 , is a narrow folio, covered with the parchment leaf 
of an old missal, and intituled — 

"Livre — consistoire L'an mil (cinq cents) quatre vint et un-jusques 

au mois de Juing, 1584. 

Avec les Enffans qui ont este baptisse depuis le mois de Juillet, 

1581, jusques au mois de Juing, 1584. 

Comme un les Manages qui ont este celebre durant le temps q. 

Aussy les morts durante le mesme temps." 

" Les noms des Enfans baptises entre les etragers depuis le 5 

Ja., 1581." 
(2 July, 1581) "Le mesme jour fut baptise l'Enfan de Nicolas de 
Vauch, apelle Judith, et po r parris Sebastien Cattebury, et Ja de le 
becque.." 

(July, 1582) Le 22 fut baptises l'Enfan de Jacque Wyart, apelle 
Rebecca, et pour parrins Pierre Salomo et Pierre Mauroy." 

Then follow thirty-two marriages, — the first is 

" Le 5 e fut celebre le mariage de Hubert Prevost et Marie du 
Monceau." 

"It de Louis Morel, ministre de la Parole de Dieu, de l'Eglise de 
la Rye et (Ariadne Jourdan)" 19 May, 1583. 

"Le 16 e fut celebre le mariage du Jan Cunelier et Bauduine 
Messma, avec la recognoissance de lu r faute d'avoir paillarde ensemble 
nuy avoir le r promesses." 

Then follow the deaths.* 

Le 27 de Juin, mourut Marye Ealene feme de Nicolas (Leupet.) 

* At the colloquy held at London in 1601, it was resolved that all drinkings 
and similar abuses after funerals should be reformed, as prejudicial to the 
widows and orphans and repugnant to christian decency. 



47 

The ravages of the plague in February 1582 are very 
pathetically, yet simply recorded in the following entries of the 
deaths in one family. 

La feme Direlin, 

Un autre efant, 

Magdalene sa fille, 

Un autre petit, 

Et un autre le mesme jo r , 

La dernier fille. 

No. 2, is a very narrow and long book, bound with the 
parchment leaf of an old missal, it is intituled — 

" Les noms de ceux quy sont morts entre les etrangers resident 
en Cantorbery depuis le mois de Juing, 1590." (ends 1630.) 

"Nicolas de Moncheau, le 22 e (Juillet, 1590.) 

" Jan Catel fils de Jaques." 

" Mons r le Gras, gentilhome francois et export Jurisconsulte, le 
28 e " 

" 1596. Maistre Anthoine Lescaillet, ministre de l'Eglise Wal- 
lone, de ceste ville raourut au Seigneur le 5 de Jan., et fut enterre le 
lendemain au Temple St. Pierre." 

1597. Nicolas Lambert ieune compagno fils de Christofle, le 1 
de Mars. 

In June 1599, out of 26 deaths, 17 died of plague, — in 
July there were 78 deaths of plague, — in August, 39, — and in 
September, 44. 

1623. "Le 6 Sept. mourut Rebecca Wyart feme de Ysac de la 
mer." 

"Deux enfans d'Eustace le Conte sont morir le 20 et 22 de la 
Contagion, Du mois de Juin, 1625." 

No. 3,* is a narrow folio, containing deaths from 1630 to 
27 October, 1715. 



* This and the two previous registers and the register of marriages from 
1645 to 1704, were discovered in 1839 in an old carved box in the roof of the 
London Walloon Church. 



48 



EXTRACTS. 

" Jean Jacob Vanderflaat docteur en medicin, mourut le 3 e jour de 
Februer, 1631-2, en Londres apres avoir este taille de la Piere." 

After the year 1647, is "Par les (grave) et inexorables troubles 
advenu par Pouiade e la faction en la rupture e descirement de 
l'Eglise, le registre a este quelques temps Dilaiex a este redraisse le 
mieux que memoire la peu porter." 

The names are then put down without dates, thus : 
" Phillipe Le Roy, decede, 
Corneille Agace, age de 13 ans, decede." 

" 22 d'avril, 1653, mourut nostre pasteur Monsieur de la me a 11 
heure du soir et fut mis en terre le 26 de ce mois." 

1678. "Le 4 d'aoust mourut la femme Jean le Leu a savoir 
Judit le Keux. Et fut le premier quil fut enterre selon l'acte du 
Parlement ensevely en etofe de Line."* 

1689. " Mars 15 mourut Mons r Paul Gorgier nostre fidel pasteur 
aiant servy nostre Eglise 41-2 anns." 

1691. " Docteur William Jacob dit Wanderslaat a Ailston proche 
de Maidston." 

1696. "Jacob du Castel, docteur en medesine a Maydston." 

No. 4, is a folio, intituled — 

" Liure des baptismes de L'Eglise Valone de Canterbery depuis le 
xxiiij de Juillet, 1590." "Jusques la 15 de Mars, 1602." 

At the other end are marriages, intituled " Liure des Mar- 
riages, depuis le 24 de Juillet, 1590.f 

* Pursuant to 30 car. II. cap. 3. See BurvCs History of Parish Registers, 

(1829,) pp. 30, 101. 

f It appears to have been the custom in this congregation to have a mar- 
riage contract entered into between every couple married. It provided for the 
children of the intended marriage, and if either party had been married before, 
a distribution of property was made to " les enfans du premier licte." Many 
of these contracts are still in existence ; they were prepared by the " Greffier 
des hommes politiques" (a registrar who was appointed by them to draw up all 
contracts and obligations which passed among the Refugees,) and contained the 
names and relationship of the various persons who accompanied the parties to 
the Greffier, — the fortunes of the parties, &c, &c, the whole signed by the par- 



49 



En Tan 1590. "Le 26 e de Juillet, Pierre Hauburdin, natif du 
Logon, ave Elizabeth de la Bergue, natifve de Watterlo."* 

8 Oct r , 1598. Nicolas Pincede, vefu, natif de Cormon, et Jane 
Gresset, delaissee, (de onze ou 12 ans,) de Jan Martin, natifve 
d'amien. Notez que Mons* le Comissaire a authorize l'dite Jane de 
se remarrier, coe appert p une lettre patente gardee entre les papiers 
du Consistoire." 

No. 5 and 6, contain baptisms and marriages, and No. 7, 
nearly five thousand baptisms. 

No. 8. A thick octavo book of espousals or banns, ( (i pro- 
messes/' or " annonces,") and marriages, commencing 20th 
November, 1645, and ending 12th March, 1704, (pages 64 to 
90 wanting.)f The entries in this book have sometimes a note 
at the end, stating when and where the parties were married, 
thus : 

Le 5 e Septembre, 1674. II y a promesse de mariage entre Jean 
Lansell filz de Severin Lansell, natif de Canterbury, et Esther le 
Keux fille d' Edwoard le Keux, natifue aussy de Canterb : 

lis ont este marie en cette Eglise, le 8 e Octobre, 1674. 

Sometimes there is the addition of 

" Point marie en l'Eghse." — " lis ont marie a l'Anglois," — " lis 
ont marie a la paroisse Eglise." 

and their attendants. In 1650 one of these contracts was cancelled by the 
parties, in consequence of "un grand refroidisseraent d'amitie," which had 
taken place between the young couple. 

Les homines politiques were appointed by the Mayor and Corporation, to 
superintend all matters connected with the temporal concerns of the several 
members of the congregation, and the peace and welfare of the City. 

* There appear several marriages of persons from Waterloo, and in 1635 is 
the baptism of a Walter an Watterlo. 

f This book was also found in a box in the roof of the London Walloon 
Church, with the three others mentioned at page 47. After a marriage in 1695, 
" Sont le premier qui sont marie, leur annonce estant publie a leur paroisse 
selon l'acte du parlement." 

There is a hiatus in the registers from 1584 to 1590. Some of the marriages 
during the deficient period have been discovered by reference to the contracts 
for that time, which however from their tattered and decayed state are barely 
legible. 

H 



50 



1666 Elie Paul Darande, (S. of Elie Darande of Southampton,) 
M. A. of Oxford, and pastor of this church, and Frances 
Pickering d. of Benjamin P. of West Hoadley, Sussex. 

1692 Jean Planque, Wr. of Thorpe, Essex, and Marie de lecluse 

Wo. 

1693 Jaques Gamhier (S. of Gedeon and Jenne Broche,) and Jenne 
Marselle, (d of Francois M. and Madelaine le Roy.) 

1699 John Bing (S. of John and Francoise,) and Made? Delamare, 
d. of Jaques Delamare and Marie Hanette. 

1699 M. Jaques Gast de la Voure, min r of this church, S. of M. 

Pierre Gast de la Voure, M. D., and Charlotte Gast. 

1700 Andre Gambier and Made? De Visme, d. of Ab m and Sus e 

Le Clerc. 
1683 Ab m de Visme, Wr. natif de Qui l'Hopital en Picardy and 

Sus e Lortier, Wo. of Adrien du Hamel, mar d 16 Auo 4 , 

1683. 
1691 Pierre Le Maistre and Marie Minet, d. of Ambrose M. of 

Dover. 
1693 Jean Swinford St. John's Thanet, and Anne Patou. 

EXTRACTS FROM NO. 9. BAPTISMS. 

1725 Gaspard, son of Mr. Pierre de Layard, Mayor. 

1736 Jean, son of Jean Baptiste De Vijme and Mary Gambier. 

1592 Daniel S. of Cha s Du Bois, ("a porte de dela la mer,") 

ayant pour temoins Jan Hugue, Moyse Caron, Judith Du 

Bois, et Gabrielle Boutiniere. 

MARRIAGES. 

1590 Adrian de Cuillerie and Jeane de Milan.* 

„ Laurens Wautier and Marie Desrousseaux. 

1594 Jan Delbeq and Franc 6 de Mory. 

„ Jaques Meurillon and Susanne del Planque. 

1596 Jan de L'espan and Loyse Feret. 

* The following is the form in which nearly all the marriages are recorded. 
" Francois Desplachis, fils de feu Toussain, natif de Fucermon, and Eliza- 
beth de Crepi, fille d'Andrieu, natifue de Campagne pres de Calais." 



51 



1598 Daniel Le Conte and Marthe Fauquere. 

1602 Isaac de la Mer and Rebecca Wiart. 

1605 Tobie Santhune and Marie de Salome. 

1608 Jan Gambier and Judith Crignon. 

1610 Pierre Wiebau and Reb a de Vaucy. 

1614 Sam 1 Sedt and Rachel le Noble. 

,, Sam 1 del Marliere and Judith Thiery. 

1615 Jan Brocart and Lea Robiquet. 

1616 Jan le Keux and Marie de L'espan. 

„ Lawren des Lespine and Peronne du Vinaige. 

„ Phillippe Delme and Eliz th Maurois. 

1617 Pierre Bogart and Judith de L'abre. 

1620 Jacob de la Mer and Jeane Milleroye. 

1621 Jaques Fremault and Sara le Maheu. 
„ Michel Polet and Marie la Febure. 

1624 Samuel du Bois and Judith de Neu. 
„ Phillippe Blondel and Rachel Hardue. 

1625 Jaques Dambrine and Pasques Descarpentieres. 

1626 Jean Marmeque and Marie Horart. 

1627 Jean Quentin and Susane Tiberghien. 
„ Jaques Fauquet and Jeane Boulenger. 

1628 Jean Gigon and Jaqueline du Pont. 

1629 Sam 1 le Gillon and Esther Prime. 

1630 Jaques de la Motte and Barbe de Sain. 

1631 Pierre Follet and Jeane du Four. 
1635 Elie Descamps and Marg te Barisel. 

1639 Louis Sainct Ynes and Jeane Beaussart. 

1640 Pierre le Turq and Jeane Boute. 
1642 Germain Clarisse and Marie Gloriez. 
1678 Charles Lason and Mary Didier. 



The service was performed in the undercroft, according to 
the usages of the Reformed Church of France, until about 
thirty or forty years since, when, upon M. Mieville being 
offered a benefice in the Church of England, the vestry con- 
sented to allow the use of a translation of the English Liturgy. 



52 



THE FRENCH UNIFORM CHURCH, CANTERBURY. 

Prior to the establishment of this congregation, there had 
been one or two secessions from the congregation at the Under- 
croft. One of these existed in 1651, for they presented a 
petition to the Burghmote, as the strangers assembling in the 
late Archbishop's palace, and of Theodore Crippaine's congre- 
gation. They were united again to the old congregation by 
the interference of the Colloque in 1654. The order relating 
to this congregation, as it refers to the duties of the politic 
men, is given at length in the note below.* 

It appears from numerous letters and petitions copied into 
the register of this church, that it was formed about 1709, and 
was a secession from the Walloon Church assembling at the 
undercroft of the cathedral, and then consisted of about three 
hundred persons. It was called the " French Uniform Church," 
and the congregation met at a place called the malthouse. f 

* Order from the Burghmote Book of Canterbury. — "14 Oct., 1651, the 
strangers dwelling in the city and suburbs now having their place of public 
assembly for the worship of God in the late Archbishop's palace, and being of 
Theodore Crippaine's congregation, for their better government and to prevent 
disorders from henceforth, they are to choose and to have from amongst them- 
selves a convenient number of politique men, who shall be sworn as hath been 
accustomed within the city for the due execution of their office, and a warrant 
(under the hand and seal of the mayor for the time being and one of the 
justices of the peace,) is to be yearly granted unto the politique men for the 
better execution of their office, the prevention of disorders among the said 
strangers, and the better to enable them to keep their congregation in obedi- 
ence to the government of the city:" 

f "There was in 1720 a French chapel or meeting house within these pre- 
cincts, (Canterbury cathedral and priory) for Anne Herault of Canterbury, 
spinster, by her will, proved that year, gave the sum of £10. to the adorning and 
repairing of the French chapel or meeting house in the Archbishop's palace 
here, belonging to the French congregation." HastecTs Kent, vol. iv. fol. p. 
502. This was probably the malthouse chapel which was situate where for- 
merly the dissenting congregation of the Rev. Edwd. Perronet assembled, — 
when a French church, the Church of England's rites and ceremonies were 
performed. The house now occupied by Mr. Austin near the green court is 
built on the site on which the malthouse stood. 



53 

It no doubt took its name in consequence of adopting the 
Liturgy of the Church of England, and regulating its pro- 
ceedings in uniformity with that Church. 

The objects of the letters and petitions before referred to, 
and addressed to the Queen, the Archbishops of Canterbury 
and York, and to the Members of Parliament representing the 
city of Canterbury, appear to be the re-ordination of the Rev. 
John Charpentier as their minister, and a participation in the 
bounty given by the Queen to the poor of the French Refugees. 

The register is a thin folio, which was for many years prior 
to 1837, kept with the Records of the Walloon Church. The 
first document is dated the 1st of December, 1709, and is the 
appointment of Mr. Pierre Richard as minister " de la nou- 
velle Eglise Francoise a la maniere Anglicane," at £20. per 
annum. Mr. Richard appears to have left the congregation 
about the 30th of June, 1710. The Rev. Jean Lardeau suc- 
ceeded ; he was ordained priest by the Bishop of London, on 
the 24th September, 1710. On the 23rd September, 1716, 
the Rev. Mr. Charpenter,* after six years official duties, left 
on account of ill health ; and Mr. Pierre Le Seur was appointed 
in his stead, and he appears to have been the minister up to 
1745. 

The first baptism is on the 12th February, 1709-10. 

One of the baptisms is described to be " dans la Chapelle 
Francoise de Christ Church," and several are those of the 
children of M. Louis Lestang, Esq., and de Madame Magde- 
laine Susanne de Lestang. 

* In a petition he presented to the Abp. of Canterbury, he states that "his 
family had suffered very much for the Protestant religion, especially his 
father, who was put to death by the dragoons and died as a martyr in y e year 
168(3)." 

The Rev. Mr. Cherpentier appears to have waited long 1 for his priest's orders, 
and finding his congregation beginning to weary at the delay, ventured at 
Christmas, 1711, to administer the sacrament, without having received his 
orders, which circumstance, added to the alleged interference of " their ene- 
mies, the congregation of the Walloon church/' occasioned the Archbishop to 
withhold his orders. 



54 

The last baptism is in 1745, soon after which time probably, 
the congregation was dissolved or returned to that at the 
Undercroft. 

There is the entry of only one marriage, which is of Jean 
Turmain and Cath Becre, on the 23rd January, 1743. 



THE WALLOON CHURCH, 

SANDWICH. 

There appeared at first some uncertainty about the existence 
of a Walloon Church at Sandwich, seeing that it was not 
named in the list furnished by Dr. Primrose and Mr. Bulteel 
about 1645, nor were there to be found any registers or any 
clear evidence that there had been any other than a Dutch 
Church at this port. The result of the author's searches how- 
ever, was the discovery of an old church book belonging to 
" l'Eglise de Sandeuuyt Francoise," and which notices also the 
gift of a noble " aux deux Eglises, p. ung frere flamen." This 
book comprises the period from 1568 to 1570, and it is very 
likely that the congregation did not exist much later than this 
date, but that they settled at Norwich, in pursuance of the 
Queen's letters patent for that purpose, which were granted 
in 1564 in consequence of a resolution of the Mayor, Sheriffs, 
&c, of Norwich, to " invite divers strangers of the Low coun- 
tries which were now come to London and Sandwich" 

It would appear by the account book before referred to, that 
their minister in 1586 was M. Bastia. 

On Archbishop Parker's visit to Sandwich in 1563, he took 
notice of "the French and Dutch, or both" who had here 
settled themselves, and he wrote to a friend at court that he 
found them very godly on the sabbath day and busy in their 
work on the week day. "Profitable and gentle strangers ought 
to be welcome and not to be grudged at." — Strype's Parker, 
fol p. 139. 



55 



A long narrow folio in vellum cover (penes me) contains the 
accounts of receipts and disbursements on account of the poor, 
&c, " de PEglise de Sandeuuyt Francoise". It commences 
in 1568 and ends in 1570. The following are extracts from it. 

(1568.) Les Anciens et Diacres ont prestes pour souvenir a la 
necessite des pouvres. 









£ s. 


d. 


Premier, Jan des Bonets 


. . 




13 


4 


Joose des Champs . . 






6 


8 


Pierre Tourseel 


DIACRES. 




8 





Mahieu Honneghele 






19 


4 


Jaques Lermonet 


. . 




16 





Jan de la Haie 


. . 




10 





Franchois Genemart 


.0 




6 





Ghuilame Queyne . . 






6 





Pierre Van Archre 


Some totale 


1 


6 




4 9 


4 



Ensuite les receptes des baiss po r a lu baie done au pouvre 

de l'Eglise de Sandeuuit Franchoise. 



Recu le 29 jour d'octobre de Ipolite a cause des florins 

promis 
Recu le premier jour de novebre au temple au plateler 
Recu de Franse Oute le 20 jo r de novebre, pour le quartier 

denier passe des amedes donets de la drapperie au 

poures . . . . . . ... 

Item recu de Jacob de Maire de la reste d'un noble done 

jadis aux deux eglises p ung frere flamen 
Recu de quelq" denier a Dieu* 
Mestre Bastia, ministre 
Receu a cause de la vendue des biens et acoustrement de 

feu Jan Catel 
Item q nous avons recheu de done de l'Eglise francoise 

de hampton . . . . . . . . 1 10 



d, 

7 
11 



1 9 



3 sh 



2 d 
6 d 



36 sh 6 d 



* Earnest penny. 



56 



8 d 



£ 

Item de l'Eglise francoise de nooruits* . . 5 

Recheut dudit Mr. Charles de quelque argent qu'il avoit 

trouve en quelque escarchell 
De Baltazar Ernone Receus remis des deniers procedans 

des ventes des bayes en ceste ville de Sanduwits £1 10 sh 
Du pourchats faict avec le plateler, durant led 1 mois com- 

prins un double Philippus d'or, donne et mis aud 1 

plateler le jour de la Coene porte en tout et R* xx sh ij d 

D'un Capitaine de guerre a este' receut huict daldres et 

de 1 estimez a la mony de ce pays . . xxxiiij sh 

De Jacque Facon Soldat quil a donne aux pouvres a este 

receupt ung daldre Reduict a la mony de ce pays 
De quelque bonne psonne po r ung denier a dieu 
De Laurens des Bouveryes adcause de bayes p luy vendues 

icy pour le droict des pouvres R l 



nip 1 

l sh 



A LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO 


THE 


POOR BEING SETTLERS AT SANE 


- 




WICH, 


OCTOBER, 1571. 








s. 


d. 




s. 


d. 


Baltazar Ernoult . . 


1 





Andrieu Monnier . . 





4 


Jan Lansel 


.. 1 





Jan le Mair 


.. 


4 


Pierre de Larbre . . 





4 


Marcq Blanchart . . 





4 


Andrieu Broucq 


.. 


4 


Jacqes Lernoult 


.. 


6 


Gilles Facon 





4 


Jan des bouueryes 





8 


Ricoul Tonnel . . 


.. 


3 


Jan Phles 






Pierre de le Porte . . 


2 


4 


Louis de Gallonnett 





4 


Jan des Bonnets 


.. 1 


4 


Jan Rotart 


.. 


6 


Jan des Prez 





6 


Nicholas Rogier 





6 


Bastin Bernard 


.. 


6 


Jossue Facon et sa copagne 




Fredericq Butin 





4 


Michel Clarisse 


.. 


10 


Pierre Van Acre 


.. 


4 


Marye Pennequi 


1 





Jan de la Hayes 


1 





Pierre de Salomez 


.. 


8 


Jacques Tenelin 


.. 1 





Jan le Sage 





4 


Jacques de le Porte 





6 


Jenne Horede 


.. 


2 


Grequere le tomar 


.. 


4 


Brisse Gilles 


I 





Jan des Camps 





9 


Noe Guiset 






Pierre du Brusle 


.. 


6 


Mr. Rolant 





3 






* No 


rwich. 







57 





s. 


d. 




s. 


d. 


Mr. Simon Oudart 





6 


Pierre le Clercq 





2 


Cicille Beautmets . . 





6 


Ja Bauchery 





1 


Catherine Versin 





1 


Jan Creton 





2 


Jacques Le Clercq . . 





4 


Augustin Clout 





2 


Jasquier Vernelours 






Nicolas Rolin 





2 


Jasque Cauliers 





4 


Jacques le Roy 





4 


Christofle Ernoult 


1 





Jan Taillebert 





2 


Nicolas Bayart 





3 


Laurens des Bouueryes 


1 





Anthoine Caulier 





6 


Eustace Flame 






Francois de Vos 





4 


Daniel Coine 





2 


Jacques Fournier 





2 


La Vefue Meskarr 





3 


Francoise Millecamps 





2 


Phles le Moor 





2 


Nicolas de Latour 





4 


Jan de La Waulle 






Jan Boulein 





3 


Lion Stenendar 






Michiel Creton 





6 


Denis du Bins 






Anthoine Vons Berguier 





6 


Jan Butin 






Lion Boeuf 





3 


Martin Roussel 





6 


Pierre du Forest 





3 


Michiel du Bray . . 





4 


Guillebert Pre 





4 


Jan Henquebart 





4 


Pierre du Cattel 





6 


Jenne Le Hardy 





6 


Mahieu Hennenagle 


2 





Jan du Taillis 





4 


Nicolas le Febure . . 





4 


De la Femme Ollivier de 






Anthoine de le Vernulle 





3 


pues pour deux mois 


1 





Nicaise Le Laure 
Pehles Le Leure 















4 


Soe r de R te porte £1 


14 


11 


Jacques le Moor 





2 









Item paier pour le jour de la cene, pour pain et vin et veires 2 sh 4 d 
A Jacqz sans mains . . . . . . 2 sh 

A Patriarche . . . . . . . . . . 6 d 

Au beau frere Carlemaigne . . . . . . l sh 

Item fut achete par Jan de le haye et Salerno Six au mois 
de Feburier, 1569, avant pasques De savoir 12 Beu- 
sale du Bled pour distribuer aux pouvres. Les trois 
beusale a 22 gx la beussale et les 9 autres a 23 gx 
Dont portent les d' 12 beusale a la soe de . . 22 sh 9 d 

I 



58 

Pour avoir faire mudre de lesdts J 2 beusale paye au ma 

snier . . . . . . . . . . 9 d 

Et puis paye au boulengier pour cuire les douze beusele 3 sh 
Recu pour le proufit de faire cuire . . . . 2 sh 2 d 

A Jacques Sans main pour aller a Noordwiths 3 

Pour un home et une feme et 2 enfans allans a Londres 4 sh 6 d 
Paye a l'apotichaire po r qualque brunage po r la Vefue bro- 

dersde . . . . . . . . 5 d 

A Mr. Lambrect po r plusieurs brunages . . 2 sh 

A la fille Jeha becq orpheline dint au logis du Cannelier, 

pour laehapt de trois aulnes et demye de toille au pris 

de sept penins et demy laulne laquelle toille a este 

employee en deux chemises comprins les f aeons pour 

tous paye . . . . . . 2 s 7 d 

A Baltazar Ernoult pour le louaige de deux chevaux pour 

faire le voyaige a Douvres, avec le ministre, pour eux 

trouver vers aul . . . cap nes de guerre pour recomman- 

der les pauvres de ceste egle 
A ung Italien mallade pour subvenir a sa necessite payer 
Aux porteurs ayans porte la femme dudt deffunct en terre 

coprins le sallaire du fossier 
A un couvreur ayant couvert la Hutte des Mallades de la 

peste comprins le clous 
A Francois Oute pour laehapt deperches debois employee 

a lad : hutte 
A Denis du Buis charpetier pour avoir faict lad : hutte 
Aux ouvriers ayans ouvre a lad' Hutte en despens de 

bourche 
A Jeha de Beaugrand pour huict penes de bois employee a 

lad : hutte 
A ung Carlier ayant (faict) le comble de lad' hutte ensam- 

ble pluisieurs aix debois paye 
A Michiel Lertroit garde des Mallades de la peste pour un 

paillet et une espaulle de mouton 
A Mahieu hennenagle po r (bivers) et zeppe Livre ausd' 

mallades de la peste . . . . . . vj d et dei. 

Ausd mallades en vin, ver Jus, pain, chair, et pluisieurs 

aultres ptyes . . . . . . . . ij 9h yj d 



2 s 


4 d 


l sh 




if 


Vj d 


ijS h 


vj d 




iij d 


lsh 




■ish 


iiij d 


lsh 


ij d 


yj* 


vj d 


i sh 


iij d 



59 

A une femme flamengue ayant garde au comencemet de la 
malladye lesd s mallades de la peste p accord et mar- 
chief faict avec elle . . . . . . . . xij 8h 

A Jan priem pour le Louage de sa maisonq lesd' Infectez 
de la peste ont occupee comprins le par a eux Livre 
aussy p accord — paye . . . . . . v s 

A la fille Vincent Tiberqiun pour une paire de souliers yj d 

A pierre Bailloeul pour ses gaiges et salaires davoir sone' 
aux presche icy pour trois mois Ass r Juillet Aougst 
et septebre derniers . . . . . . . . j sh 

A Francois Clement de Tournay pour son Voyage dicy a 

Londres avec ses enffans . . . . . . iiij s vj d 

A Jan le Maire en lacquid dud* Francois clement pour son 

Logis d'une nuict . . . . . . . . j d 

Au fossier pour la sepulture de michiel Lortion coprins le 

port en terre . . . . . . . . iij s viij d 

A Mr. George pour la sollicitude et cure p luy 

faicte a, Guillae du pre adcae d'une apostume p luy 
guerye . . . . . . . . yj sh 

The preceding extracts relating to the building of a shed 
for those infected with the plague, and to the wine, verjuice, 
&c, &c, provided for them, are very affecting. How truly 
wretched must have been the condition of these poor strangers, 
banished from their home, infected with the plague, and de- 
nied even the society of their companions in exile ! 

Further notices of the foreigners at Sandwich, will be found 
under the title of the Dutch Church there. 



NORWICH. 

]>lomefield, in his History of Norwich, notices the year 1336 
as memorable for the great increase of the Flemish stuff or 
worsted Manufacture, which proved the most advantageous 
trade to the nation in general, and this city and county in 



60 

particular. The inestimable value of our English wool was not 
unknown to our ancestors even at the time of the conquest, as 
appears from Domesday Book, where the sheep of every manor 
are exactly registered ; but yet the manufacturing of it was 
done by foreigners,* and the value then consisted in the goods 
that were imported in exchange for it, and, as far as I can find, 
it continued so at least to the time of Hen. I. when the 
Colony of Old Dutch, frighted out of their country by an 
inundation, came to England and settled, as Fuller thinks, in 
Pembrokeshire only, but Blomefield was of opinion that several 
of them at that time settled at Wursted or Worsted in Nor- 
folk, and so early introduced the art of Stuff Weaving there, 
which, as is natural to suppose, soon made its way into this 
city ; not that it grew to be of any great consequence till the 
latter end of Hen. III. and Edw. I. when it much increased, 
so that in the time of Edw. II. Worsted Stuff was famous, 
and Norwich increased very much by the making of it. Al- 
though therefore this historian admits the introduction of 
" Broad Cloth or the art of clothing" by the Flemings about 
1336, yet he contends that the Worsted manufacture w r as of 
much earlier date in this county. 

The 14th Car. ii. cap. 5, (1663) intituled "An Act for 
regulating the making of Stuffs in Norfolk and Norwich," 
after reciting that divers abuses and deceits had of late years 
been used in making of Norwich Stuffs, &c, and great variety 
of new Stuffs had been invented, so that the powers of the 
7th Edwd. 4th, cap. 1, were insufficient for regulating the 
same; and the number of wardens appointed by that Act being 
too few, — enacts the appointment of twelve wardens and thirty 

* Fuller in his Church History relates that the King and State growing 
sensible of the great gain the Netherlands got by our English wool, (in memory 
whereof the Duke of Burgundy not long after instituted the order of the Golden 
Fleece,) employed emissaries abroad, who persuaded many skilful workmen 
to come over to this country, who were dispersed to various parts of the 
kingdom. 



61 

assistants — imposes penalties — directs how worsted yarns shall 
be made, and that there should be no weaving in harvest time, 
(viz. : from 15 August to 15 September,) &c., &c. 

In 1564 this city being in much distress by decay of the 
worsted manufacture, which was now at so low an ebb that 
many were forced to leave their houses and go into the country 
to get their bread ; after many consultations had, how to re- 
dress it, the Mayor, Sheriffs, &c, resolved to wait upon his 
Grace Thomas Duke of Norfolk, who was then at his palace in 
the city, and there advising with him what was best to be 
done, a resolution passed, to invite divers strangers of the 
Low countries, which were now come to London and Sand- 
wich, for refuge from the persecution then raised against them 
by the power of the Duke of Alva, principal for the King of 
Spain, which strangers had obtained license from the Queen 
to exercise the making of flanders commodities of wool in Her 
Majesty's dominions; and upon application made by the Duke, 
Her Majesty granted her letters patent (under the Privy seal, 
and dated 1st November, 1564,) at the Duke's own charge, 
for the placing of thirty master workmen, each household con- 
sisting of seven persons, and not exceeding in all three hundred 
Dutch and Walloons, who came to Norwich and set up the 
making of Bayes, Sayes, Arras, Mockades, and such like,* 
which immediately employed a great number of hands, so that 
the houses which were decayed, were now repaired and in- 
habited, and both city and country grew rich; the first, by the 
plentiful demand for their provisions, and the latter, by their 

* The 7th Edwd. IV. cap. 1, "for making of Worsteds," refers to the manu- 
factures in this city j and the 14th and 15th Hen. VIII. cap. 3, "touching- 
Worsted Weavers of Yarmouth and Linn," notices the first mentioned Act, 
and states, "that it is discreetly considered in this present Parliament that the 
true making and draping of Worsteds, Says, and Stamins is one of the most 
profitable occupations of this Realm, and that the same Worsteds, Sayes, and 
Stamins truly and substantially made and wrought, had been right acceptable 
and commodious merchandizes as well in this Realm of England, as in other 
foreign regions and countries." 



62 

new way of trade ; and after a while so many came over that 
there were above three thousand of these strangers at once in 
the city.* The Dutch congregation had the quire of the 
Friars Preachers' Church assigned them for their religious 
assemblies; the French or Walloons had the Bishop's chapel, 
and afterwards the church of St. Mary at Tombland. 

On the arrival of the letters patent at Norwich, the Mayor 
called an assembly, in which the Commons refused to suffer 
the common seal of the city to be put to the admission of any 
stranger, upon which the Court agreed to fix the common seal 
of the office of mayoralty to the admissions of the thirty 
masters,f and that the Mayor, Citizens, and Commonalty were 
to let them houses, &c.,for terms of years or at will, and allow 
them other privileges, without incurring forfeiture, pains, or 
penalty, notwithstanding the statute of the 1st Ric. III. or the 
32nd Hen. VIII. 

These masters comprised twenty-four of the Dutch, and six 
of the Walloon strangers : the latter were 



Rob Goddarte 
Noe le Turcke 
Ipolite Barbe 



John Dumime 
John Karseye 
Peter Waolls 



* According to tradition, these strangers introduced the ornaments of striping 
and flowering the stuffs which have been wonderfully improved by the inge- 
nuity of the weavers of late years, in the making of Damasks, Camblets, 
Druggets, black and white Crape, &c." (Bishop Camden's continuation of 
Camden's Britannia.) Norwich has long been famed for its manufacture of 
shawls, composed of silk in combination with cotton or worsted. 

f The following is one of these admissions. — Thomas Sotherton, Mayor of 
the City of Norwich, with the advice of his brethren the Aldermen, according 
to the Queen's Majesty's letters patent, bearing date Nov. 5, in the 7th year of 
of Her Majesty's reign, do licence John Powells, estranger, (alyan) to take to 
farm any house, messuage, or rent within the city aforesaid, there to inhabit 
and dwell with his household and family, to use, exercise, make and work as 
well all such commodities as in the said letters patent been contained, as 
others not heretofore made or wrought within the said city, during the time of 
his good behaviour and obedience to such constitutions and orders as be now 
made, and hereafter shall be made, for the better governance of the said city. 
In witness whereof the said Mayor to these presents have caused his seal of 
office to be put the first day of June, &c., 8th Elizabeth, 



63 

These thirty masters with their families began to make their 
commodities, and had the church of St. Mary the less, (or St. 
Mary at Tombland,) assigned by the Court to them for their 
Hall, with seals,* and all other utensils for the searching and 
sealing their goods, and rules and ordinances were made for 
their better government, viz. : — 

1. Two Aldermen, one of whom was to be a Justice of the 
Peace, were to be assigned, to hear and determine all matters of con- 
troversy between them. 

2. Every stranger thereafter to be admitted, was to be presented 
to the Mayor and the said two Aldermen, and to produce a token 
from the elders of their company of their names, faculties, and 
honest conversation. 

3. All officers chosen for the search of the commodities, were to 
be sworn by the Mayor yearly. 

4. They shall truly pay all parish duties whatever, as other 
people do, both to the church, priest, clerk, &c, that is to saye, of 
everye shyllinge for their house rente or fearme, a penye, for the 
whole yere, &c. 

5. They are not to occupy, buy, or sell any merchandize or 
goods whatever, only those of their own making, and them not by 
retail, unless to their own nation. 

6. They are to pay all customs and duties due for their wrought 
commodities, to the said two Aldermen and Chamberlain every quar- 
ter, viz.: for every whole Flemish cloth ij d , every half one j d , every 
whole Bay ij d , every double Saye ij d , every double Stamet ij d , and j d 
for the single ones. 

The knave, knape, or servant of the Hall to have every twen- 
tieth penny for his attendance, and the rest to the Chamber of the 
City, &c. 



* In 1616 the City purchased the Crown Seal of the Duke of Lenox, which 
was put to every cloth ; those made in Norwich had the City arms ; those 
made in the country had the Castle without the Lion ; those made by the 
strangers had the ship ; those made in Norwich by Englishmen, if defective 
had " Norwich" in the ring ; and if by Aliens, the word "Alien 1 ' in the middle ; 
and if in the country the word " Norfolk." 



64 

They willingly obeyed all these ordinances, behaved them- 
selves orderly, became a civil people, and were of great service 
to the city, though the Commons and some of the chief Citi- 
zens raised many clamours against them. In 1567 Thomas 
Walle, then Mayor, who never liked these strangers, would 
have turned them out, and although the majority of the Court 
did not approve of this, he nevertheless obliged them to accept 
other ordinances, added to the rest.* In 1569, Justice Walle 
acquainted the Privy Council that there were continual differ- 
ences between the English and the strangers, (which he and 
the rest of his party were continually raising,) who were now 
1132 persons in all; upon which the Lords directed their 
letters to the Mayor and Aldermen, ordering them to permit 
such strangers as were settled already, to remain here, but to 
suffer no more to come. 

In 1570, a conspiracy was discovered of certain gentlemen 
and others in Norfolk, who purposed on Midsummer day at 
Harleston fair, to have raised a number of men with sound of 
trumpet and beat of drum, and then to have declared the 
cause of their rising, namely, the expulsion of the strangers 
from the City and Realm. Ten were indicted for high treason, 
and three were hanged, drawn, and quartered ; while the 
strangers found favour, and were continued in their trades by 
which they got much riches, and employed abundance of the 
poor : but still such citizens as were enemies to them insisted 
upon new ordinances and hard customs for them to be subject 
to, upon which the Queen wrote to the city in their behalf, re- 
quiring them to continue their favours 

— " to the poor men of the Dutch nation, who seeing the persecu- 
tion lately begun in their country for the trewe religion, hath fledd 



* One was, that the Dutch should yearly elect eight persons, and the Wal- 
loons four, and present them to the Mayor for Governours, to answer for the 
whole companies, and that they should lodge no Strangers above one night 
without certifying the Mayor of it, neither should they walk in the streets 
after the 8 o'clock bell at St- Peter's of Mancroft had gone. 



65 

into this Realm for succour, and be now placed in the city of Nor- 
wich, and hath hitherto been favourable and jintely ordered, which 
the Quene's Majestie, as a mercifull and religious Prince, doth take 
in very good part, praieng you to continue your favoure unto them so 
long as they shall lyve emongste you quyetlye and obedyently to 
God's trewe religion, and to Her Majestie's lawes, for so one chrys- 
tian man (in charite,) is bounde to helpe an other, especially them 
who do suffre afflixion for the ghospelles sake," &c. — 

willing them to suffer them to sell their commodities, as 
their brethren settled in Sandwich and Colchester do, to 
whom they please, reminding them that the advantage accruing 
to the city from their houses being inhabited, which before 
stood desolate, and the number of people being employed 
which before had nothing to support them, together with the 
consumption of provisions, were no small benefit both to the 
city and country, and therefore they ought to be favoured.* 

Upon this, they were summoned to answer why they com- 
plained : their Hall doors were shut up on the 26th March, 
1571, and no cloths sealed, and on the 1st of April were sent 
up orders appointed for the strangers, by John Bleverbasset, 
Esq., and Robert Suckling, Aldermen, the Members for the 
City, to the Council, who, on the 10th of April, referred the 
cause to Sir Walter Mildmay, Master of the Rolls, and Sir 
Thomas Smith, who favoured the strangers, and on the 21st of 
April it was heard in the Treasury Chamber, and both sides 
agreeing to stand to the determination of the Council, the 
strangers obtained a letter from Sir Thomas Smith to the 
Mayor to open their Hall door, which was done, and the order 
of Council came down, dated at Westminster, April 25th, in 
which it was declared that the strangers should have no new 
burdens or exactions laid upon them, but should be conform- 
able as heretofore to their old ordinances, which were after- 
wards confirmed, and penalties added, by consent of both 
parties. 

* Dated at Greenwich, March 19, 1570. 
J 



66 

On the 26th of Oct. 1571 the Council wrote again to the 
ts Mayor and his Bretheren : The Customer, Controller, and 
Searcher of the Citye of Norwiche," stating that her Majesty 
had commanded that orders should be taken, that in no one 
city or town there should be a greater number of strangers 
(even of honest conversation,) than might be consistent with 
the welfare of the natural inhabitants of the place. The Coun- 
cil therefore ordered, that on the 10th November, (on which 
day, other counties, cities, and towns would do the same,) 
they should begin an inquisition of how many strangers were 
in the city, — how many had come in since the 25th of March 
last,-- -by what means they lived,* — whether they resorted or- 
derly to any churches, &c, — whether tolerated by the Bishop 
to use divine service in their mother tongue, — whether the 
whole number of strangers may, without damage to the natural 
good subjects of the city, continue as they then were, — or how 
many might remain, and to what convenient places the residue 
should be sent, — to cause all unprofitable and disobedient 
strangers to depart, — to search what armour or offensive wea- 
pons any strangers had in their houses, &c, &c. 

Search being made accordingly, the number of strangers 
was found to be 3993. And upon the Return, 48 persons were 
desired to avoid the city, as disturbers of the quiet peace, and 
out of the said number the return was thus : 



Men of the Dutch Nation 868 
Men of the Walloon Na- 
tion .. ..203 
Women of both Nations 1173 
Children under fourteen 1681 



English born children 666 

355 had come to the city since 
25 March, viz. :— 85 Dutch, 
co/ 25 Walloons, 85 women of 
tfj both Nations, 1 60 children of 
both Nations, and 1 French- 
man from Depe of no occu- 
pation. 



* Great quantities of brass money of various sorts have been dug up at 
Norwich, which were brought over by the strangers, but not being current here, 
they were neglected and lost. The common people call them Roman Counters. 



67 

The return states that they maintain themselves by working 
and making commodities, and are of two several churches, and 
use divine service and the administration of Sacraments in their 
own languages, by toleration of the Queen's high Commis- 
sioners and the Bishop of the Diocese. — It was certified also that 
the generality of the strangers were of good and honest conver- 
sation, and used trade and lawful exercises of merchandize to 
the better peopling the city, their number being convenient and 
proper for its common weal, by their keeping not only their 
own people, but many others at work, to the great advantage 
of the city and adjacent country ; Ci only of late some dissensions 
have risen among them by means of three of the ministers of 
the Dutch Church, which notwithstanding the great care of the 
high commissioners, are not fully ended or like to be, so long 
as Theophilus Rickwaert is permitted to live in any place of 
this Realm, he obstinately continuing to be as hitherto he hath 
been, a great disturber of the peace of the congregation." — 

" Furthermore, here are certain disorderly persons of no church, 
which were designed to be removed, and also others which are arti- 
zans, and though they are men of honest conversation, are not need- 
ful to the city, as tailors, shoemakers, bakers, and joiners, which give 
offence to the citizens of the same trades, and others, to the offence 
of other citizens, are lately made denizens : as to the armour found 
upon them, being only 2 calyvers, 45 dags and pistolets, 4 halberds 
and bylls, 2 broadspears, 2 swords, and 270 rapiers, we did not think 
of them of quantity sufficient to cause us to take them away." 

" We do also according to command give ower cimple opinions 
that haven-townes be no convenient place for strangers, nor yet anie 
place within the cownties of Norfolke and Suffolke, but must needis 
be to the greate detriment and hinderaunce of this common weale, by 
reason of conveying awaye secretlye the rock spun yarne, whiche 
is more naturallye spun here then in anie other place of the realme, 
and the Bays, Mockados, and suche other commodities, as are here 
practised and used."* 

* This return is dated at Norwich, 16 November, 1571, signed by Thomas 
Greene, Mayor, the Sheriffs, and all the Aldermen. 



68 

After this return, the strangers who in the mean time had 
made some complaints to the Mayor, and had remedy as to 
their manufacture, became very quiet, and continued their 
trades, to the general advantage of all parties, and it seems 
some of them were settled at Lynn, for on February 10th, 1571, 
Ant. de Potter, dyer, on behalf of those that made Mockados 
at Lynn, obtained after a long debate in the Court, that the 
Wardens of the Walloons in this city should search and seal 
all the commodities appertaining to the Saitrie brought from 
Lynn, according to the orders made here, and in 1574 it was 
ordered that every cloth found truly wrought and dyed should 
have a seal of lead marked " Norwich Dye."* 

On the 7th June, 1575 came a letter to the Mayor from the 
high Commissioners, to inform them that divers strangers 
having been examined before them, had been found to maintain 
the horrible and damnable error of the Anabaptists, and there- 
fore commanding to call before him all strangers in the city, as 
well men as women, being of the years of discretion, to give 
their assent and to subscribe to the Articles following, viz : 

1 . That Chryste toke fletch of the substance of the Virgin Marye. 

2. That the infaunts of the feythefull are to be baptized. 

3. That yt is lawful for a Christian to take an othe. 

4. That a Christian man may be a magestrate and beare the 
sworde of office of aucthorite. 

5. That yt is lawful for a magistrate to execute obstinate 
heritiques. 

6. That yt is lawfull for a Christian man to warre. 

7. That yt is lawful for a Christian man to require the awcthorite 



* Besides the Elders and Deacons, there were other officers chosen by the 
Consistory, called the Bayliff and " Les hommes Politiques ;" they superin- 
tended the searching and sealing of the commodities, and all matters relating 
to the intercourse of the congregation with the city. The following is from 
"Les Actes du Consistoire." "24 Feb. 1628. Les hommes politiques ont 
aporte leur Livre et nous ont advertye touchans certeins debauches qui seront 
appelles au prochain Consistoire." 



69 

of the magestrate, and of the lawe, that he may be delivered from 
wrong, and restored to right. 

8. That a Christian may lawfully have proprietye in his goodes, 
and not to make them common, yet owght accordinge to the rewle of 
charite, to relieve the nedye accordinge to his habilitye. 

To all which articles the whole company of aliens did set 
their hands on the 27th of the same month. 

Blomefield, in his History of Norwich, (from which so many 
interesting particulars in this chapter have been gathered) 
states, in reference to the execution in 1587 of several persons 
in Norfolk for blasphemy, "that those strangers who came over 
last, were the persons who introduced these wicked blasphemies, 
and gave rise to many sects, which till then were unknown here, 
so that it is difficult to know, all things considered, whether 
the introduction of these strangers did not do more damage 
than service to the nation in general, which the Queen fore- 
seeing, resolved to put a stop to their increasing numbers." 
This charge against the strangers is unsupported by any evi- 
dence, and it is very questionable whether the reverend His- 
torian, in his zeal for religion and abhorrence of sectaries, has 
not too hastily and indiscriminately thrown the odium on 
the whole body of these strangers. The resolution too of the 
Queen just referred to, had no ill effect upon the strangers at 
Norwich : the Queen directed another search to be made., 
when the strangers were found to be 4679 souls, " of which 
number 653 dwelt in Colgate Ward and paid for the rents of 
their houses, (most of which before stood empty), £292. 15s. 
4d. a year, so that upon this representation, and their living 
peaceably, they continued to the end of this century in a flour- 
ishing condition, and enjoyed the several privileges of their 
two congregations."* 

When the Queen visited Norwich in 1578, there was 
amongst other shews and pageants "the artizans strangers 
pageant," representing seven looms, weaving worsted, russels, 



* Blomefield. 



70 

darnix,* mockado, lace, caffa, and fringe ; with various other 
devices, to which was added a speech to Her Majesty, with 
which, the City Records tell us, she was well pleased.f 

In 1583 the plague visited Norwich, and its ravages were 
more particularly felt by the strangers, of whom great numbers 
died. 

On the 6th June, 1606, the Mayor and Aldermen by a cer- 
tificate under their hands and seals, certified the good conduct 
of the Walloons settled under Her late Majesty's authority ; 
and in 1611, a similar certificate was granted to them, signed 
by a larger number of Aldermen and Justices. 

By an orderj of James the 1st in Council, dated the 29th of 
March, 1612, and made on the petition of the Walloons, com- 
plaining of being charged with breach of the statute regarding 
apprenticeship, His Majesty was given to understand that the 
said company of Walloons was a peculiar society under the 
government of the Mayor, &c, and that by ancient custom, 
and privilege, and toleration, they had always been exempt 
from the yoke of the statute ; and also in respect of the extra- 
ordinary merit of that people who by their commendable skill 
and industry had so singularly deserved of that city and of the 
commonwealth, and (which was not to be forgotten) by that fair 
and voluntary contribution wherewith they had lately charged 
themselves towards the then Loan, and had particularly tes- 
tified their humble duty, zeal, and affection to his Majesty. 
It was therefore ordered that the Walloon congregation should 
enjoy such toleration in the exercises of their religion and 
trade as hitherto they had done, and that no information should 
be accepted against the said company, for not having served 
apprenticeships. 

* Dornecks— diaper linen. f Blomefield 231. 

% The order of the Privy Council, 10th April, 1621, directed that those of 
Norwich, although born in the Kingdom, should continue to be of the same 
church and society, and be subject to such discipline as had been for 55 years 
practised among them. 



71 

In 1621 a dispute arose in the French congregation, and 
many refused to serve as elders and went to the parish churches, 
so that the congregation applied to the Privy Council, who 
referred them to the Bishop, Mayor, and Justices. Upon this, 
Dennis Lermitt complained that though he was a freeman and 
frequented his own parish church, and paid all duties to the 
ministers of the parish, yet the French congregation made 
him pay to their minister, and frequent their congregation, and 
had lately elected him an elder, and he was obliged to serve 
and pay as heretofore. This Dennis Lermitt joined with Joel 
Desormeaux and Samuel Camby, two principal men of the 
congregation, "who being rich in means and refractory in con- 
dition, have upon some displeasure misconceived against M. 
Peter De Lawne their minister," withheld their contribution, 
and withdrawn themselves from a church and congregation of 
which they had been members ever since their baptism. This 
dispute was frequently discussed before their own synod, often 
before the Bishop of Norwich, as well as before various Justi- 
ces of the Peace, on which occasions these individuals were 
blamed for their calumnies and no just cause of separation 
found ; so that they were forced to pay to, and be members of 
the French church, and pay to the parish for their houses 
only.* 

In the following year, (1622,) a letter was sent to the city 
by Thos. Coventry and Robt. Heath, two of the Commissioners 



* It was about the year 1636 or 1637, according to Roger Coke's second 
Discourse on Trade, p. 53, in 4to., published in 1670, that 140 families out of 
Norfolk and Suffolk settled themselves at Leyden, Alkmaer, and other parts 
of Holland, and there established or confirmed the establishment of the 
Woollen Manufactories of those places. They were kindly received by the 
Dutch, who exempted them from excise, and from payment of house rent for 
7 years. The cause of their leaving England was no doubt the persecution of 
Archbishop Laud, referred to in a former part of this Volume. 

A remonstrance against Archbishop Laud's injunctions was sent by the two 
foreign churches at Norwich, to the Bishop of Norwich. A copy of it is to be 
seen in Prynne's Trial of Laud, p. 403. 



72 

for ordering the business of the strangers, ordering the names 
and professions of all strangers born, and such as were born of 
parents strangers, and the like letters were sent to all places 
where there were strangers inhabiting ; and shortly after came 
another letter to know what the English citizens would have 
considered respecting them. The design of his Majesty being 
to give encouragement to the English, and yet no just cause of 
complaint to the strangers. — Upon this the city returned such 
an answer, that the strangers remained unmolested.* 

On the 2nd of July, 1656, an order was made by the Coun- 
cil of his highness Oliver the Lord Protector, whereby after 
stating that these Walloons had always found England a sanc- 
tuary, and that by letters patent from Edward 6th they had 
freely exercised their religion and trades,f the Council Table 
enjoined the Mayor, citizens, and commonalty of the city to 
suffer them to enjoy all the privileges granted them by former 
Kings and Queens. 

"In 1672, Mr. Elisha Philippo, soap boiler, a Frenchman, was 
chosen High Sheriff of Norfolk, and carried out his office with much 
reputation." 

" On the 19th of May, 1682, a company of the French protestants 
came from Ipswich to Onias Philippo, who had hired a great house 
of Pockthorp Gates, and employed them there ; this occasioned a 
mutiny, which came to that height that the mob broke open one of 
their houses, and misused a woman so that she died in the second 
or third day after. The pretence was that these people would under- 
work them ; however the French that dwelt there were forced to quit 
the street that night." 

" The poor being still discontented at the French which were left 
in the city, took occasion to assemble at the execution of a malefac- 
tor, and coming in a large body into the market place, declared that 



* Blomefield, 256. 
f In 1650. — An Act of Commonwealth was passed, cap. 60., intituled " How 
Norwich Stuffs shall be made and tried." 



73 

the French came to underwork them,* and that they would quit the 
city of them, and accordingly going to Mr. Barnham's in St. An- 
drew's parish, pulled them and their goods out of their houses, 
abused their persons, &c. till the trained bands were raised to appease 
them, when the principals were taken, and made to pay dear for 
their folly." 

The building used by the French as their church was the 
church of St. Mary the Less, which in 1544 was leased by the 
Dean of Norwich to the city for 500 years. In 1564 the city 
fitted it up for a hall for the strangers to search and sell their 
bays in. In 1637 the Walloon company having undertaken to 
"repair and make it fit to be used for God's worship," had a 
lease for 40 years, paying for the ground on the north side 
10s. per annum, and keeping the steeple, church, and walls of 
the yard in good repair. It thus became the French church.f 

They had previously used the Bishop's chapel adjoining the 
palace, which had been let to the Walloon company for many 
years during the Bishop's pleasure. In 1637 the Bishop re- 
quired them to quit, and by a letter to them of the 7th March, 
1637, demanded payment for certain dilapidations, estimated 
at £150 or £200. They ultimately quitted this chapel, deli- 
vered the keys to the Bishop's Surrogate, leaving in his hand 
twenty nobles towards the repairs. 

This congregation during its continuance became possessed 
of several estates in and about Norwich, viz. — 

1. The Church of St. Mary's the Less. 

2. Premises in St. George's Colgate, derived from Sebastien 
Taverneirs and wife. 

3. Premises in St. Saviour's. 

* The Walloons supported their own poor, and in an Act of Parliament in 
1712 for building a workhouse for the city, they were specially exempted from 
contributing to the building. 

f Blomefield says this lease was renewed, but no notice of such renewal 
can be found among the records of this church, and the trustees have therefore 
claimed it as their absolute property. It is now let to a congregation of New 
Jerusalemites. 

K 



74 

4. A freehold and copyhold farm at Caistor, under the will of 
Thos. Blondell. 

5. An annuity of £15. under the will of James Demee. 

6. An annuity of £5. under the will of Elisha Phillippo. 

The congregation having by degrees died off, and there being 
no minister or poor to whom to distribute the income of the 
estates, an information was filed by the Attorney General on 
the relation of certain persons, — against David Columbine, 
Henry Martineau, and others; and in 1833 a Decree was 
obtained, directing a reference to the master to make enquiries. 
The Court subsequently declared that all the property (except 
the £15. per annum, the application for which was ordered to 
be discontinued) was applicable to charitable purposes cypres, 
and it was referred to the master to approve of a scheme accor- 
dingly. This master thereupon made his report, (which has 
been confirmed by an order of the Master of the Rolls dated the 
28th March, 1840) approving of a scheme to the following 
effect : that the net income of the property (to be called the 
Norivich French Church Charity J after keeping the church, 
and the monuments, and tombs therein in repair, should be 
applied as follows : £50. per annum to be applied by the trus- 
tees at Norwich in apprenticing poor boys of that city, (with a 
preference to those of French Protestant origin) and the re- 
mainder of the income to be paid to the governor and directors 
of the French hospital in London in augmentation of their 
funds, they keeping two of the inmates of the hospital, on the 
nomination of the trustees of the Norwich French church char- 
ity, (they giving preference to those of French Protestant origin 
in Norwich.) That the trustees manage the estates and apply 
the income as hereinbefore directed, (the church not to be let 
for the worship of any Protestants impugning the doctrine of 
the trinity) provide for the fines on admission to the copyhold 
estate, and for the repairs, new trustees to be appointed under 
the Corporate seal of the French hospital in London, to keep 
annual accounts and send a copy per post to the Treasurer of the 
French hospital, &c, &c. The first trustees of the charity are 






75 

David Colombine, the surviving trustee. 
Henry Martineau, surviving deacon. 
Richard Willement of Norwich. 
Peter Martineau, Jun., Highbury, Middlesex. 
Richard Martineau of Chiswell St. London. 
John De Vear of Norwich. 
John Youngs of Norwich. 
John Warden Robberds of Norwich. 
Thomas Starling, Jun. of Norwich. 
Horatio Bolingbroke of Norwich. 
John Withers Dowson of Norwich. 
John Barwell of Norwich. 
James Mills of Norwich. 
Charles Martineau of Tulse Hill, Surrey. 
James Nasmith Mottram of Norwich. 
The register of the chapel is a thick narrow folio, intituled — 
" Baptesmes en l'Eglise Wallonne, Norwich, depuis le 22 Juin, 
1695." 

" Ce Lijvre commence le 22 de Juin, l'an de grase, 1595, et pour 
le bapt . . . . des enfans de l'Eglise Wallon . . de la vijlle de nordvyt 
et vijlle, et alors en 

la mestre Thomas Layer mayeur de la vylle." 
It contains about 3000 baptisms and 100 marriages. 
The following are extracted from it. 
"Le 29 de Juin, 1595 Victor du bois presente un enfans, pour 

estre baptise et le nom de l'enfan s'appelera Elizabeth , pour 

temoynge frauchez de henz et l'aultre tesmoing charle le doux." 

"Le 20 de Julet, 1595. Salut nous soit donne de par nostre S r 
Jesus Christ. Moy jovinille Terrien et ma femme presente mon 
enfans pour estre baptizer en l'Eglise de dieu et donnons a (lui,) nom 
David et pour tesmoing Phillippe Terrien mon frere et Guillame de 
bonne, et pour marine Ratelinne Gate et Jenne de bonne. Dieu en 
fache son Serviteur." 

The last baptism in the register is of 

" Pierre le Monier anglice* Miller," 30 June, 1752. 

About the year 1637 is the following memorandum — - 



76 

" Est a notee qu'en l'an 1636, nous ministre et anciens de l'Eglise 
Walonne de Norwich avons este p Monsieur l'evesque 

de ceste diocee nome Doctor Wrine de quiter la chapelle, ou nous 
avions du privilege de nous assembler, pour escouter la Prolle de dieu 
et recevoir les sacraments p le consentement de tous ses predesesseur 
p lespasse 63 ou 64 ans le 11 de Juin, 1637 nous avon eu le premier 
presche et Tadministration des sacramens du baptesme, et la St. 
Cene p Docteur de (lavine) au temple de petite Ste Marie lequelle 
les Magisterats de ceste ville nous a (utroie) pour 40 ans, nous a 
coute de la reparer la some de ." 

Towards the end of the register is the record of the mar- 
riages; but it is defective and begins without any title or 
heading, thus 

" Sensuit le mois d'octobre, 1599- — 21 Jour de ce mois a este cele- 
bre le mariage Jean Bo dart, natif de Louigni en Hainault et de 
Martine de grave vefue de Jaspart Cornillo Darmentiere." 

Sensuit le mois de Decembre, 1500. Le 14 jour de ce mois a 
este celebre le mariage de Maximylien Monzony, natif Dara et 
Elizabeth Turkie, natifue de Norwich." 

The last marriage is 

"May, 1611. Le 12 de ce mois a este celebre le mariage de 
Jan Favreau et Ester de Lannoy." 

There are only 100 marriages, and they extend over only 
twelve years, so that it seems clear that a subsequent marriage 
register is missing.* 

* The book of the "Actes" of the Consistory contains many entries from 
1628 to 1684 of espousals or "promesses de mariage, 1 ' thus, 

1628. u Pierre Ferman et Sara Faurie sont receu en promesse de mariage.'" 

There are also frequent reprimands, by the consistory, of members of the con- 
gregation who had married without banns, and against the discipline of the 
church, &c. 

Besides this book of Acts, there are also among the documents in the hands 
of the defendant in the Chancery Suit, (the Attorney General v Columbine,) 
the certificate of the city dated in 1606 and 1611, copies of various letters 
patent and orders in council, &c, and many ancient deeds relating to the pro- 
perty given to this church. 

At the colloquy in 1586 a resolution was passed as to those "d'avoir eu 
recours aux devins, d'avoir tourne le Sas, ou commis autre acte de charme ou 
Sorcelerie." 



77 

The ministers at this church appear to have been — 

Jean Marie* . . . . . . 1583 

Basnagef . . . . 1595 

Daniel Durien .. .. .. 1600 

Adrian Delme . . . . (1616) 

Peter de Lawne:}: .. .. .. 1618 

Germain le Roy .. .. 1628 

Pierre Hourtois . . . . . . 1631 

Basiguy .. .. 1646 

Isaac Clement . . . . . . 1656 

Jaques Le Fraury . . . . 1658 

Jacobus Stockmans .. .. 1665 

Pierre Chovein .. .. 1685 

Lavaux . . . t . . 1691 

David Baldij|| .. .. 1693—1710 

Michel Olivier Vallotton§ .. .. 1739—1751 

Jean Bruckner of Leyden^[ .. 1751 — 1804 

Jean Guillaume Louis Gebhart** . . 1805—1809 

Vacant .. .. .. 1809—1818 

Weaver Browneft •• •• 1818—1819 

* His son Nathaniel was the minister of the London Walloon Church. 
f Benjamin Basnage, born 1580, his father being a Protestant was forced to 
quit France and retire into England 5 he preached several years at Norwich, 
and on his return home, was chosen pastor of Carrenton, in Lower Normandy, 
his son succeeded him in this parish, from whence he was afterward called to a 
congregation at Rouen. — ( Collier vol. ii.J 

J De Lawne — Dr. De Lawne having been presented with a benefice in the 
Church of England, the congregation elected M. JD'assigny in his stead — this 
gave rise to a contention of long duration, which was referred to the colloquy, 
the doctor contending he could hold both appointments. His son Nathaniel 
was sent from Norwich School to Benet College, Cambridge, as a Norwich 
scholar. 

|| From Southampton. 

§ Left the congregation without leave and went to Switzerland, having re- 
fused to clear up the rumours prejudicial to his character. 

% He was the author of " Theorie du Systeme Animal e," " Criticisms on the 
Diversions of Purley," &c, — died 1804. 

** Left for preferment at the Cape of Good Hope. 

tt Left for Birmingham. 



78 

The names more frequently occurring in the register are Mar- 
tineau, Columbine, Le Monnier, Desormeaux, De La Haize, 
Desbonnets, Pigney, Decaux, De Lannoy, Malbranque, Le 
Vasseur, Polet. 

The following matches are recorded, — 

1599 Jan des Barbieux and Judit Consart. 
,, Jean du Cro and Antoinette le Cocq. 
,, Lauren Harcar and Gehebinne le Feubre. 
1607 Robert Dole and Sara Janssen (among the baptisms.) 
1604 Jean le Pontre and Celeste Seguar. 

Lucq Malbranq and La Veufe de Picanet. 
Joel Desormeaux and Eliz le Turque. 
Jacque le Cherf and Miciel de la Montegue. 
Abraham Desfremaux and Jacqueline le Clercq. 
Sam 1 de la Cour and Madelaine Desprier. 
Abraham Descyre and EhV Quenon. 
Pierre Beaumon and QuatreUinne Lesquinnet. 
1611 Salomon Quanbie and Ester Desbonnet. 
,, Jan Favreau and Ester Delannoy, (the last marriage entered.) 

Espousals from the Book of "Actes." 

1628 Jacques Ganet and Jeane de L'ambre. 

1630 Pierre Rabaille and Marye Provost. 

1631 Jan Gringelle and Anne le Dm. 
1633 Elie Philippo and Marie Desquires. 
1635 Jean Lempreur and Jean Philippo. 
1655 Sam 1 de la Cour and Maria Farnacque. 
1665 Zacary le Mahieu and Maria Morillon, W° 
1668 Jacob Lacohie and Lea Baudry. 

1684 Israel Venin, (Canterbury,) and Mary Aldridge, W° 
„ Paul Chaban and Judicq Comon. 

The absence of a marriage register subsequently to 1611 
may be accounted for, by the possibility, that although the 
parties were espoused in the French Church, they were mar- 
ried in the English Church. There were constant reproofs by 
the consistory for marrying contrary to the discipline of the 



79 

church, and in 1628 it was resolved, that " On parlera a Mon- 
sieur le Chanselier, touchant les lisences de manage qui le 
donnent an pregudesse des parens et de notre discipline." 
Perhaps this discipline was too severe and inquisitorial, for it 
is certain that the citations to the consistory for " scandale," 
" chansons dishonnesles," "mal vivans," " desbauches," &c., 
&c, were very frequent, and that many of the delinquents re- 
fused to appear. In 1646, there is a notice of Sebastien Taver- 
niers, subsequently the largest benefactor of the church. 

" Isaize Hapio et Jan le Coq et sa femme et Jacque Pigne et sa 
femme et Onias Phillipo et sa femme et la femme de Sebastien 
Tavernier ont reconnu leur fante de s'estre mariees ans leur annonces 
contre la discipline. Et a este averte que leur Reconnoissance sera 
publie dimanche prochain au matin." 

On a tomb stone in the French Church Norwich. 

1784, August 30th. Paul Columbine, Esq., aged 85, descended 
from an ancient family in the Province of Dauphiny in France, from 
whence his father, a man of piety, probity, and learning, withdrew 
at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and having taken early a 
degree abroad, practised physic in this city. This, his youngest 
son, by temperance, industry, and moderation, through a long and 
blameless life, had merited and obtained the best and sweetest of 
human blessings, health, competence, and content. 



80 




WALLOON CHURCH, SOUTHAMPTON. 



SOUTHAMPTON. 

At this town there was a settlement of the Walloons, and 
also Refugees from the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, and Sark, 
and the Orkneys. By the title of their register it seems that 
their first settlement here, was in the reign of Edwd. VI. by 
virtue of his letters patent. 

In the British Museum ( Vesp, F. IX. J is a petition ad- 
dressed by the settlers, to the Mayor and Aldermen of the 
town, stating their having determined for conscience sake to 
leave their native land, and having offered their supplication 
to the Queen, she had appointed them to this town, therefore, 
least their coming might seem noisome unto their worships, 
and their occupations and crafts new and strange, they offered 
their desires in writing, viz. : 

To have a church assigned to them, and to have sermons and 
sacraments as used in the time of Ed. VI. 

To use their various crafts, or at all events such of them as had 
not theretofore been practised at Southampton, 

To employ their own countrymen and maidens in their trades. 



81 



To pay the same rent for houses, as had been demanded during 
the previous two years. 

To export surplus manufactures, on paying customs duties. 

If there should not be as many sayes and other wares made as 
would maintain a dyer, that they might export their goods undyed. 

That if it should not be permitted for shoemakers, tailors, &c, to 
exercise their " sciences" within the town, that they may compound 
for obtaining licenses so to do. 

"Which if by your good means it shall soe take place and effect, 
wee doubt not, God willing, but that in short space it shall be for 
the great benefitt of yo r towne and the inhabitants of the same — 
promising in the mean time our most humble obedience and duties 
to the Queene's Highnes, and our diligent service to yo r woorshipps 
being alsoe prest and ready at all times with o r goodes, for habilitie 
to pay such taxes and talents and other imposicons for the mainte- 
nance of yo r towne, as to yo r discrecons shall be thought good and 
expedient." 

In 1590, there was a letter to Lord Burghley relating to a 
grant to the French rashmakers at Southampton to buy a 
thousand todd of wool per annum for their draping. — (Lansd. 
MSS. vol. Ixvi.J 

The history of this French community is curious. They 
have comprized in one folio volume, commencing with the year 
1567, all their admissions to the sacrament, baptisms, mar- 
riages, deaths, fasts, thanksgivings, and church affairs, and 
continued it up to the present time. These several registers 
have separate portions of the book allotted to them, and it is 
seldom that a register is seen so carefully kept and preserved.* 

The several extracts from the register hereafter given, will 
display the history and particulars of these settlers. 

It appears that in 1712, the congregation adopted the 
Liturgy of the English Church, for in that year a baptism is 
noticed thus : — 

* There is however a hiatus in the Baptisms from 1733 to 1744. 

L 



82 

" Cet enfant enregistre cy dessous, est le premier qui a ete baptize 
suivant la Liturgie Anglicane."* 

They have the use of an old church near the harbour, which 
was called the Walloon Church, or the Chapel of St. Julian, 
or God's House of Southampton ; but since 1712 it has been 
called the " Protestant Episcopal French Church." 

" The Domus Dei, or God's house, was founded in the reign of 
Hen. III. by two Merchants, brothers, of the name of Gervasius and 
Protasius. It was afterwards given by Edw. III. to Queen's Col- 
lege Oxford, which had been founded by Phillippa his Queen and to 
which it still belongs. The chapel is very ancient, but its original 
form has been greatly altered by repairs." Beauties of England 
and Wales. 

The Register is a folio in parchment cover, and on the first 
fly-leaf is — 

" Registre des bartesmes, manages, et mortz, et jeusnes de Eglise 
Wallonnes, et des Isles de Jersey, Guernesey, Serg, Origny, &c, 
etablie a Southampton par patentes du Roy Edward six e et de la 
Reine Elizabeth." 

On the first page is — 

" Ensuyt les noms de ceux qui ont faict professio de leur foy et 
admis a la Cene le 21 de Decebre, 1567." 
A la pmiere Cene. 

" Guillaume Cupin, sa feme, Joh u Cupin so filz, Francis de le 
Bey so beaufrere et Marie Le Febure sa svate." 

(1583.) " Nota. Pour la peste quy estoit au milieu de nos fut le 
lendemain de la Cene de Juilet les prieres publiques commencees du 
soir to 9 les jours hors presche a 5 heurs du soir." 

"Le Cene se fit le 4 d'aoust, 1583. Et se comenca lors a ferre 
de mois en mois, selon l'advis du dernier Sinode. Et aussi entant q 
la peste nous pressoit, fut advise de la ferre ainsi, pour nos fortifier 
en foi, en luy priant avoir pitie de nos." 

* The Southampton Church had belonged to the colloque, but in thus con- 
forming to the English rites, had abandoned the French discipline and usages, 
so that London, Canterbury, and Norwich only remained in union. 






83 

These admissions to the Sacrament extend over 36 pages. 

BAPTESMES. 

" Registre des enfans qui ont este baptisees en l'Eglise des estran- 
gers Walons en la Ville de Hampton admise par la Mageste de la 
Reyne Elizabeth." 

L'an 1567. " Premieremet au Mois de Decebre." 

" filz de Jehn de Beaulieu, de Valentienne et de Sarra Van 

Henery de Londres sa femme, a este presente au baptesme p Roland 
Rigno le 21 de Decembre, 1567." 

" Pierre filz de Nicolas potien fut baptise le 25 Jo r de Decembre, 
1574 et eut po r tesmoing Pierre Tiedet, Orpheuze." 

" Sarah fille dudict Nicolas fut baptise ansi ce meisme 25 Jo r et e — 
po r tesmoing denis du Aard." " To 9 deux enfans dugne ventree." 

" Dieu ayant afflige notre ville du plus terrible de ses fleaux qui a 
oblige la plus part des habitans d'abandoner leurs maisons, et Mon- 
sieur Bernert leur pasteur estant detenue de maladie et ayant este 
constraint de quitter sa demeure, pour changer d'air a la compagne 
nous avons en son absence baptise dans notre Eglise Francoise un 
petis enfant anglois appelle Nicolas et ce par l'ordre de M r Le Maire 
le 23 Jueillet, 1665." Faict a l'Eglise de St. Jean. 
Le dit enfant a este presente Couraud Pasteur. 

par son pere Jean Fawcet et par J ames Page. 

la sage Femme Marguerite pre- Aron Gudlaumott. £ DiacreS! 

vos j. Jean Ralins. 

Baillehache. 

" Ce Jourd'huy, 26 Novembre, 1665, j'ay baptise en 1'absence de 
Mr. Bernert, qui n'est pas encore de retour, un enfant appelle Marie 
fille putative et naturelle de Richart Schidle et de Jehanne Busgrove 
ayant este presente au baptesme par sa grand mere." 

Couraud, Pasteur. 
The last of the baptisms is thus : — 

1779. " Suzanne Mariette, fille de Jaques Mariette et de Suzanne 
Vaudin Mariette, nee le 29 Avril, 1779, a ete batisee dans la Chapelle 
de God's house le 20 Mai suivant par nous Isaac Jean Barnouin, 
ministre de cette Eglise. Elle a ete presentee au Bateme par M r le 
Capitaine le Lievre Parrain, et par Judith Vaudin sa Tante, et par 
Marthe Wakeford Marraines." 

Isaac Jean Barnouin, Ministre. 



84 



1688. " Le 12 me Juin fut baptize vn petit enfant ne sur la mer 
dans le Barque de Michel Thomas et fut nome Noe. 

Then follows — 

" Registre de Ceux qui ont este mariez en l'Eglise des etrangers 
Walons admise par la Maieste de la Reyne Elizabeth, 1567 in 
Hampton. 

"Ceey mis surle coste sert " Gilles Tenlin et Cicile Sariette tous 

po r monstrier q l'Eglise n'a deux de Valencienne ont este mariez le 
pas (mis) en promesses de ?3 de Decembre, 1567." 
mariage Les Jeusnes gens 
qui avoient pere ou mere, 
sans avoir eu cognoisance, 
qui le consentoient." 

"Anthoine et Marie furent 
mis en promesses en l'Eglise 
de Zandwich et non pas ici." 



" Mariage fet p Justice, et 
force, du coste de Jan. 1 ' 



" Anthoine de Hanneroy mestre d'es- 
colle, se maria avec Marie Bancquart le 
penuitime jo r de Mai, 1568." 

" Jan le Vesseur, natif de Valenchien- 
nes et peronne Jorre, natifve de la Ville, 
de Lille se marierent le 14 de Juin, 1580. 
Et devant q le presche fut acheve se'n fuit 
hors le temple, et la Ville et le pais, 
Abandonnant sa feme." 

1665. "Le 16 Novembre, 1665, au 
matin nous avons beni le mariage de 
Guillaume Farmer et de Elizabeth Ba- 
ker, apres avoir obtenu la permission de 
Mons r Le Maire."* 
"Jacob Berger et Sara Baylie, tous deux Englois recevrent la 
Benediction de leur mariage p nostre pasteur en L'Eglise de St. Jean 
en cette Ville, les ministres Englois ayant abandone leur troupeaux 
a cause de la peste qui ravagoit en ce lieu ce 4 em de Decembre, 
1665." 

Also John Bignol and Abigail Long 
R d Kingston and Eliz. Horn. 
Nath 1 Knight and Reb a Singleton 



:.} 



And many o r English in 
1665 and 1666. 



* This couple were no doubt married by permission of the mayor, the En- 
glish Clergy having left the Town, 



85 



EXTRACTS FROM SOUTHAMPTON MARRIAGE REGISTER. 

1567 Gilles Seulin and Cecile Sariette. 

1568 Emmeri Durant and Marie le Febure. 
1575 Robert Vincent and Marg te de Nouille. 

1580 Nicolas de la D'une and Marg te Louis. 

1581 Nicolas Le Plus and Marg te Moicar. 

1586 Phillippe de la Motte and Judith des Maistres. 

1591 Jan le Vasseur and Anne L'hermite. 

„ Jaques Desert and Lucerne le Vasseur. 

„ Louys Seguin and Colette Le Hoy. 

1591 Robert Laiguillo and Cath e Roger. 

,, Jacob Prevost and Marie Saintard. 

1600 Isaac Le Gay and Esther Behout. 

1605 Pierre Lescaillet and Esther le Gay. 

1611 George Hervieu and Anne Herse. 

1663 Simeon Coutance and Dorothee Proctor. 

1669 Elie de Gruchy and Judit de la motte. 

1753 Gedeon Pabuteau and Marie Button. 

The last marriage is by M. Bamouin, ou the 24th Decem- 
ber, 1753. 

" Les Mors" 

" Registre de Ceux qui sot mors de l'Eglise des Estrangers Walons, 
admise par la Maieste de la Reyne Elizabeth, en la ville de Hamp- 
ton, 1567." 

"Jaques de Lean de Valenciennes, a este enterre le 26 de. De- 
cebre, 1567." 

" Monsieur la Bice, de Tournai, trespassa le 14me Jo r de Juliet, 
1571, et fut mis en la Cimentiere le Jo 1 ensuivant." 

" Margerite Haucquart, feme de Pierre du Jardin, fut mise en terre 
le 16 Jo r de Juin, 1574, et trespassa de la peste empcrtant 1' enfant 
qui estoit en son ventre, et un petit garcon sien q'elle avoit eue de 
Bernard Lacheri son premier Mari, il trespassa aussi de la peste, 
Jo r devant elle." 

" Guillaume Broc de Gernese, trespassa le 29 de Juillet, de grand 
Matin et fut ensepulture le mesme jour apres midy, Juillet, 1582." 
16 April, 1583. " Peste a commence." 



86 

(Seventy-one died of the plague to the 24th of March, 1584.) 

" Josias de la Motte, alia de vie a trespas le 21 e de Septebre, 1601 
et fut eterre le ledemain." 

(On the 1st June, 1604, the plague begins again, and up 
to December, 1604. there were 151 deaths.) 

"1617, Phillippe De La Motte, ministre De La Parole du Dieu 
de fameuse memoire, Mourit le 6 e de May, et fust enterre le 8 e 
jour a Compaigne de tour le Magistra." 

" 1627, Matthieu Vibert, deceda estant noye en la riviere avec 
d'autres par la violence du vent le 2 e jour d'Avril, 1627." 

"1661, Ce grand Serviteur de Dieu Paul Mercier deceda le 22 me 
d'Aoust, estant vendredi et fut ensupulture dedans cette Eglize le 
Lundy ensuyuant. Iceluy estant un des grand Pilliers de cette 
Eglise et plaine d'aumosne." 

(Plague begins 15th July, 1665, and ends 22nd August, 
1666, with twenty-four deaths.) 

" 1702, Le S r Samuel Chesneau prisonnier de guerre, mort le 3 e de 
Decembre, et enterre le 6 e — de la parroise de St. Michel." 

" 1721, Monsieur Philibert d'Hervart, baron d'Hunnigen, fran- 
cois refugie mourut en Cotteville le 30 Avril, 1721, auge de 76 ans et 
fut enterre dans l'eglise paroisse de Holirood aupres de Mr. Frederic 
d'Hervarz son tils ; le mercredy suivant son corps etant conduit a la 
sepulture par tous les ministres francois et Anglois de cette ville et 
du St. Mary, et par une grande multitude de Francoise et d 'Anglois. 
Sous le regne de Guillaume troisoiesme il fut envoye extraordinaire a 
Geneve en Suisse, &c, et s'etant retire en cette ville il y a laisse des 
marques de sa grande charite pour les pouvres en laissant a cette 
eglise un billet de £32. sterl : plus par testament £50 sterlin, aussy 
bien que de son zele pour la gloire de Dieu, en laissant pour l'entre- 
tien du ministre de cette eglise, la somme de £12. sterlin de rente, 
il avoit donne il y a viron 8 mois quatre mille livres sterlin a l'hos- 
pitel de francois refugies du Londre vuigairement apelle la provi- 
dence. Les pauvres des deux nations francoise et angloise perdens 
beaucoup a sa mort, dieu veuille avoir pitie d'eux, et leur suscites des 
personnes aussy charitables. Dispersit, dedit pauperibus, Justitia 
ejus manet in sseculum sseculi." 



87 

" Monsieur Antoine Congot, cy devant ministre de cette eglise, 
mourut en cette ville le 14 de May, 1721, et fut enterre le mercredy 
suivant dans L'aglise parr e de Milbrook dont il etoit recteur, il avoit 
serve cette eglise aux edification pendant 30 ans. Bonum cert amen cer- 
tavi, cursum consummavi in reliqua depositus est mihi corona justitiae." 

" Les Jeusnes publiques qui se sont fectes en ceste Eglise contre 
les tamps d'afliction selon la Coustumes des Eglise de Dieu." 

"Le 23 Juilet, 1579 fut celebre le Jeusne apres le prinse de Mas- 
trick p les espagnolz, priat dieu avoir pitie de son Eglise des pais 
bas, ou les aferres sont a present en horrible confusion, et aussy priat 
q dieu q ses eglises en ce pais, ne soiet troublees p la venue du due 
d'alencon, de laquelle on parle beaucop." 

" Le 28 d'Avril, 1580 Le Jeusne fut celebre po r prier dieu no 9 gar- 
der cotre son Ire quy le 6 de ce mois no 9 avoit este monstre p du 
grand tremblemet de terre, quy a este non seullemet en tout ce 
roiaume mes aussy picardie, et les pais bas de la Flandres. Come 
p r garder de guerre, de peste, et p r preserver les pouvres eglises de 
Flandres et France des effors de leurs enemis quy Requilloiet leurs 
forces, avec du grant armee d'espagne p r les venir assailler." 

"Le 6 d'Avril, 1581 Le Jeusne fut celebre po r prier dieu no 9 gar- 
der cotre les effects des signes de son Ire dequoy avons este menache 
en la Commette, quy s'est commence a monstree le 8 d'Octobre et a 
dure jusques au 12 Decebre, puis aussy cotre de grands Changemens 
et Revolutions aparentes en pais de Flandres et p deca, afin que de 
sa grace il luy plaist tout tourner a bien po r le profit de son Eglise." 

In 1583 a fast is for the church and for the town — 

" qui passe 5 ou 6 mois a este afnigee de peste. 
En est mort en ceste Eglise environs 50 persones et de ceste Ville 
environ 400." 

"Le 15 d'Aoust, 1585, Le Jusne fut publie et celebre le 17 dudit 
auquel pour toutes les Eglises estrangeres le celebroyet, a cause des 
nouueaux troubles de France et des siege estreme de la Ville d'Anvers 
par le prinse de parme, et les Espagnols." 

"Le 19 e de Novebre, 1588 graces furet rendues publicquemet au 
Seigneur pour la dissipation estrange de la flotte d'Espagne quy 
s'estoit rendue aux costes d'Angleterre pour conquester le dit roy- 
aume et le remettre sons la tyranie du pape." 



88 

r 'Le 4 de Septebre, 1591 La Serenissime Elizabeth Reine d'Ang- 
leterre vint a Hampton, avec toute sa Court qui estoit tres grande, 
et e partit le T dudit mois enviro le midi, et come elle partoit et 
estoit hors de la Ville, n'ayans peu avoir acces vers sa Majeste en la 

Ville la remereiasmes de ce que passez vingtquartre ans 

este maintenus e cette Ville sous sa protectio et p sa clemece benigne 

apres Dieu d en toute tranquillite et repos. Elle respon- 

dit fort humainemet, louat Dieu de ce quil luy donoit puissance de 
recueiller et faire bie aux povres estrangers et disat quelle scavoit 
bie que les prieres desdits servoyet beaucoup de sa coservation." 

1665. Fast for the plague ; 20 of the French died and 800 
in Southampton. 

" Le 19 d'Octobre, 1666, Le Jusne fut celebre en cette Eglize p le 

comaundemt du Roy come aussy toute les Eglizes Engloizes 

ponr prier le Segn r d'appaisser son ire et cesser ses Jugemens main- 
tenant espandu sur ce royaume, la Ville (capitale) de Londres estant 
le plus grande ptie consume p le feu." 

A little further on in this curious volume, is — 

" Livre po r les aferres survenates en ceste Eglise." 

This part of the book contains an account of an interview in 
1584 with the new bishop of Winchester. (Mathieu Sohier, 

Min r -) 

" L'an 1572 le 25 jo de Septembre, fut celebre Ung Jeusne Pub- 
licq. La raison estoit po r ce q Monsieur le Prince d' orange estoit 
Venue au paiis bas avec Nouvelle Armee d'alemaigne po r asaier a 
delivrer le paiis et les pouvres eglises hors de la main du due d'albe, 
ce Cruel tiran, et aussi principallement po r ce q les eglises de la 
France, estoient en une mervelleuse et horrible calamite extreme, p 
ce q une horrible masacre, et (sacre) avoit este fet a Paris, le 24 jo T 
d'Aoust passe ; un grand nombre de nobles et de fidelles, furent tues 
en le — et nuit, environ de 12 ou 13 milles. La presche deffendue p 
tout la Roiaume et tout les biens de fidelles pilles p tout le Roiaume, 
et po r la consollation d'eux, et du paiis bas, et po r prier le S r a leur 
delivrance fut celebre le jeusne solemnel." 

"Le 6 em de Decembre, 1665 le Jusne fut celebre en cette Eglize 






89 



cette Ville estant afflige de la Peste ces 5 mois passe estant mort de 
nostre petitt troupeau viron 20 psones, et des Englois enviro 800. 
Le Seign r veile bien, — ost cesser cette visitaccon et Icy et ailleurs." 



Some oPtbe ministers were— 

Wallerand Thenelin, (died 13th September, 1584) 

Morel* .. 

Mathieu Sohier 

Philippe de la Motte, (died 6th May, 1617) 

Timahee Blier 

Elie Durande, (died 13th May, 1633) 

Gabriel clu Peiiierf 

Jean De la Place, (died 6th March, 1663) 

Courand, (1688) 

Bcmert 

D'huissaux 

Antlioine Caugot, and M. D. and Rector of Milbrook, 

(died 14th May, 1721) 
Daniel Sauvage, (died 21st June, 1655) 



Pierre Deneveu, D. D. de St. Denis, elected 23rd Nov. 

Le Fevre, a Proselyte, (1716) . . 

David Duval, J elected 18th June 

Isaac Jean Barnouin,|| elected 9th June, 1736 . . 

Edward Dupre, D. D.§ . . 

Rev. George Le Feuvre, elected 9th July, 

Frederick Vincent . . . . present minister. 



1569 
1583 
1584 
1586 
1606 
1619 
1660 

1665 

>> 
1687 

1690 

1719 

1723 
1797 
1797 
1802 



* Removed to Rye. 

f Query — if the same as at Whittlesey ? 
% Query- 
|| Died 30th March, 1797. 

§ Dr. Dupre afterwards Dean of Jersey : he never resided here, but put 
his brother the Rev. Michael Dupre as his substitute. 



M 



90 



CHAPTER V. 

THE FRENCH AND WALLOON CHURCHES AT GLASTONBURY, RYE, 
WINCHELSEA, DOVER, FAVERSHAM, WHITTLESEY, PARSON 
DROVE, SANDTOFT, THORNE ABBEY, WANDSWORTH, DUR- 
HAM HOUSE, SOMERSET HOUSE, AND THE SAVOY AFTER- 
WARDS es LES GRECS." 



GLASTONBURY. 

" The strangers at Glastonbury consisted chiefly of French and 
Walloons ; they were weavers in Worsted, and manufactured kersies 
and cloth of that nature. They settled here about 1550. Their 
preacher and superintendant was Valerandus Pollanus, and their 
great patrons were Cranmer, the Duke of Somerset, and Sir Wm. 
Cecil." 

" The good Duke of Somerset, to whom the dissolved abbey of 
Glastonbury was granted, settled them there by indenture, between 
him and them, with a promise to lend them money to buy wools and 
necessaries to carry on their manufacture, and allotted them rooms 
for their dwelling, and ascertained certain portions of land for feeding 
of their cows ; and lastly appointed one Henry Cornish to be their 
chief overseer, to take care of them, and see them provided with all 
things needful for them and their trades." 

The conditions on Somerset's part, were — 

" That he should provide them houses convenient for their occu- 
pations, and to contain themselves and families ; that five acres of 
pasture land or as much as would serve for the feeding of two cows 
throughout the year should be allotted to each of them ; and until 






91 

land were so allotted they should enjoy the park in common for the 
said use, with some part also of the gardens. They were also to be 
supplied with monies from the Duke, to buy wool and defray other 
charges necessary to set them on work. They were also empowered 
to employ both English men and women, as they should have occasion, 
in spinning and other works belonging to their trade. And so accor- 
dingly they went down to Glastonbury and fell to work." (Strypes 
Cranmer.J 

"Upon the disgrace and misfortunes of the Duke, these honest 
men's industry was at a stand for a time, till some further encou- 
ragement came to them from the Privy Council." 

Things being in this condition with them, and Somerset, no 
longer able to befriend them, they were glad to apply again to 
the Court. Pollanus, therefore, in their behalf, petitioned* 
the Lords of the Council to take their declining state into 
consideration ; he had previously despatched to the secretary, 
one Peter Wolf, a good man, a great sufferer, a Brabanter by 
nation, and now he sent Stephen Le Prevost, a deacon of his 
church, with a message of importunity to the Secretary. The 
result was, that the Council consented to encourage them, and 
sent down orders accordingly to certain gentlemen of the town 
and neighbourhood to set this manufacture forward. They 
thus obtained the use of the park for three score head of kine, 
till other pasture was provided them : thirty houses were 
ordered to be forthwith repaired and fitted up for them, and 
money was paid for clearing their debts. These gentlemen 
had also assigned them a stated provision of money for the 
future, but it was too scanty ; the allowance for two months 
would scarcely hold out five weeks. Nor was any wool at all 
bought for their use, though their stock was almost at an end. 
One Crouch demanded of them 32s. for wool upon credit, 
when they could buy it of their neighbours for 24s. ready 
money. 

* He signed himself " Valerandus Pollanus, Superintendens Peregrinorum 
Ecclesiae Glascon." 



92 

Further notices of this church mey be found in several orders 
that issued from the Privy Council concerning them, — 

"Nov. 11, 1551. An order sent to Valerandus Pollanus, chief 
and superintendant of the strangers, worsted makers at Glastonbury, 
signifying unto them that order is token with Henry Cornish for the 
conclusion of such conveniences as were drawn and articulated be- 
tween the Duke of Somerset and the said company, willing him and 
them, for the acceptance of the said Cornish as their director herein, 
as they had done heretofore." 

" Ordered also that Henry Cornish do agree with them for divers 
leases, &c." 

" Ordered also the auditor and receiver of the Duke of Somerset's 
lands, to conclude such articles as were agreed upon, &c. And to 
take an account of Henry Cornish, appointed by the s?id Duke to 
be overseer of the said strangers and to advance money for them." 

" March 22, 1551. Ordered that the Bishop of Bath, Sir Hugh 
Parolet, Sir John St. Loo, &c, do consider the void places and rooms 
about the monastery of Glastonbury, that may be fittest for the 
placing such strangers there as are not already provided for ; and to 
put the same rooms in such order as the said strangers may inhabit 
in them as soon as may be, having regard nevertheless to the best 
way of saving charges, as they think may be devised. 

" Nov. 29, 1552. A letter sent to the Bishop of Bath, Sir John 

St. Loo, Sir Ralph Hopton, and Clnpwood, signifying that 

it is agreed to provide for thirty- six household strangers at Glpston- 
bury, and for every of them so much ground as may keep two kine, 
as good and cheap as other inhabitants do there commonly pay." 

And in the Council's warrant book — 

" December, An. 5, Regis, a free Denizenship to Vallerandus 

Pollanus, born under the Emperor; with a clause written under the 
said bill to make sixty-nine like letters patent to sixty-nine other 
persons whose names are mentioned therein." — (MSS. D. Hen. D. 
Episc. Lond.) 

In February 1550, Pullanus being in London, there he set 
forth in Latin the Liturgy of these strangers, which i.hey used 
in their religious worship at Strasburg, that so exposing their 



93 

worship to the public view, they might the easier be admitted 
in England to the free exercise of it. The epistle dedicatory 
was to King Edward, dated February 19, 1551.* 

" Upon Queen Mary's access to the Crown all strangers were then 
commanded suddenly to depart the realm, and this congregation 
accordingly broke up and removed themselves to Franckfort in Ger- 
many ; where the magistrates kindly entertained them and allowed 
them a church. When afterwards in 1554 divers of the English 
nation fled thither for their religion, the governors of the town upon 
their petition, received them also and two members of this French 
congregation, mindful undoubtedly of the former kindness themselves 
or their countrymen had received in England, assisted them much, 
viz. : Morellio a minister, and Castalio an elder. The English here 
made use of the same church as the French did ; these one day and 
the English another ; and upon Sundays the use of it respectively, 
as themselves could agree." — (Stryjws Cranmer.) 

In a scarce volume, t published in 1575, the arrival of Pol- 
lanus at Franckfort, is thus noticed, — 

" And in the yere o? oure Lorde 1554, and the 27 off June, came 
Edmonde Sutton, William Williams, William Whittingham, and 
Thomas Wood with their companies to the city of Franckfort in 
Germany ; the first Englishmen that there arrived to remaine and 
abide. The same night came one maistgr V alar en Pullen, minister, 
into their lodginge, and declared howe he had obtained a churche 
there, in the name of all suche as glioulde come owte off England for 
the gospel, but especially from Glassenbury, which were all French- 
men. Answere was made him, that as God was to be praised who 
had moved the magistrates hartes to shewe the Frenche such favour ; 
even so, for so muche as fewe off them understoode the Frenche 
tonge, it would be small commoditie to them, or to suche as shoulde 
come after warde, to joyne themselves to this churche." 

* The title of this book was — "Liturgia Sacra, seu Ritus Ministerii in Ec- 
clesia Perigrinorum Profugorum propter Evari°eliuni Christi, Argentine 1551. 
Cum Apologia pro hac Liturgia, per Valerandum Pollanum Flandrum." And 
Strype in his Memorials, vol. ii. p. 242, gives a full account of this Liturgy. 

t M A Brief discourse of the Troubles begonne at Franckfort," 4to. 1575, 
Reprinted in the Phoenix. 



94 

We have every reason to conclude that the woollen manu- 
facture which had been there introduced by Pollanus and his 
companions, continued to flourish for above a century after its 
establishment, as a large quantity of tradesmen's tokens are in 
various collections, many of them designating trades connected 
with this branch of manufacture ; of these are, — Peter West, 
draper ; Wm. Cooper, draper, 1668 ; Mary Day, 1668 ; 
Henry Cutch, mercer; James Hopkins, 1.556; Sivric Han- 
cock, draper : but very little information however can be 
gathered respecting these settlers during the reign of Eliza- 
beth, or of their gradual extinction as a separate body in this 
town. They most probably had some part of the church, or 
of some other public building for their religious worship.* 



RYE, SUSSEX. 
This church was formed by French emigrants about the year 
1569. They used one of the chancels in the parish church, 
but none of their records are now to be found. Stow mentions 
having seen an " authentic cataloguet of such French as fled to 
Rye in Sussex, upon that inhuman massacre of Protestants in 
France, anno 1572," and that there were the names of LeTel- 
lier and Tellier, one a merchant, the other a minister, and 
another a brazier of Dieppe, who with John Houblowe,* were 

* Among the curious relics belonging to Glastonbury Church, is a large 
brass dish of circular form, 16 £ inches in diameter, having a rim 2 inches 
wide, on which are two borders, one within another, richly chased. In the 
centre is a representation of St. George and the Dragon. It has the following 
inscription "Ich bart gelick alzeit," and was probably brought to Glastonbury 
by the Walloons or Flemings. Its use was doubtless to collect the alms and 
oblations at the door of the church. Pulps' 1 Somersetshire, p. 504. 

f This catalogue is no doubt that in the British Museum, (Cott.MSS. Galba 
C.II1.) — noticed in the appendix to this volume. 

X Houblon was a rich Merchant in London, who lived in princely style and 
built a house in Epping Forest, on the site of Wanstead house ; his father fled 
out of Flanders on the persecution of the Duke $ A\v&.—( Evelyn.) 



95 

" very probably the ancestors of those eminent merchants and 
citizens, bearing the names of Houblin and Le Thieullier, 
which at this present, flourish here in wealth and reputation, 
and some of them such as have and do partake of the govern- 
ment of the city, as well as other places of honour and trust. " 
It appears that on various occasions there was an account 
taken of the strangers at Rye, and that the Captains of the ves- 
sels* plying between Rye and the French Coast, made returns 
of the passengers they brought over. On the 4th of Novem- 
ber, 1572 there were at Rye 85 French households and 641 
persons ;— amongst them were the following — 

Francis Goddinge, merchant, and his wife. 

Michael Tellier, merchant. 

Nicholas Doblowe, merchant. 

(Queles) Banner, merchant, his wife, 1 maid. 

Mr. John de Forula, minister, his son and daughter. 

John Robowe, schoolmaster, his wife, two children. 

Nicholas Le Tellier, minister, his wife, four children, and maid 

servant. ' 
Mr. Michel, a minister. 
" j old man, a minister." 
Mr. Gebou, preacher, and his man. 
Jeffery DefFere, poticary, his wife and five children. 
Pierre Bunell and Nicholas Bunell, Cardmakers. 

French passengers, 4th of November, 1572. 
Francis de Buisson, minister, and Peter John Flemynge. 
Charles Yon, of Roan, Gent n " 
Jehan Lienen, minister. 

9th November. 
Seven servants to Mons : Vidam de Chartre. 

15th November. 
Mons : Matheu Cartaunt, min re ' 
M. John Graunsell, min re ' 



* It seems probable that a Captain Sore made some contract with the Queen's 
Government for the transport of Refugees from France. 



96 

At the conference of the French churches held at Norwich, 
on the 12th April, 1583, Louis Morel* attended as one of the 
deputies from Rye, and seated his reasons for leaving Southamp- 
ton, and taking the office of pastor to the congregation at Rye. 
The following resolution was then passed: — 

"Les Freres ont aussi avise, pource qua ce comencement l'Eglise 
de la Rye est petite et n'ayant grands raoyens que pour un an, et 
sans obligation. II sera bon que les autres Eglises ay dent, selon 
leurs moyens a l'entretenement du ministere, Si les Eglises particu- 
liers ausquelles le fait sera raporte y consentant. (Convocation at 
Norwich, 12th April, 1583.) 

The colloque in 15«7j> wa s held at Rye, but the congregation 
appears to have been falling off, and in 1590 M. Morel re- 
ported to the colloque held that year at Canterbury, that he 
must leave Rye for want of means of support for himself and 
family. 

Upon the distribution of the £12,000 given by Queen Anne 
for the year 1705, this church received £27 — in 1721 they 
received £85 : 11 : 1 — and in 1728 £35 : 2 : — since wlrich 
nothing has been heard of them as a congregation. 

MINISTERS AT RYE. 

M. Morel 15S3 

M. Cartaut 1586 

M. Benech 1695 



WINCHELSEA. 

The settlers at Winchelsea (an ancient town close to Rye) 
arrived there, it is believed, about I560,t as there is a tradition 
that the settlers at Canterbury came from this place. Their 
numbers were small, but in 1587 they sent their minister and 

* He was married at the Canterbury Walloon Church in 1583 to Ariadne 
Jourdan. 

f And yet the letter from the mayor of Rye in 1569, states that the mayor 
of Winehelsey says there is not one stranger in Winchelsey. 



97 

an elder as their representatives to the colloque, held that year 
at Rye. In the following year the necessitous situation of 
their minister M. De la Touch was represented to the collo- 
que, and letters were directed to be written to the brethren 
of Winchelsea to increase their support of the minister; and 
also a letter to the church at Rye, begging them to assist their 
poor brethren at Winchelsea, as a member of their own body, 
and if these letters had no effect M. De la Touche was to be 
at liberty to leave the congregation in three months. 

These letters produced no doubt some good effect, for in 
1.589 M. De la Touche (as the minister of Winchelsea) 
attended the colloque held in London, but after this period 
no further particulars are known. 

It is said that the cambric manufactory was introduced here, 
but after a short time was relinquished. 



DOVER, KENT. 

This congregation was formed in 1646.* At the London 
Walloon Church is recorded the marriage of Philippe Le 
Queux, minister of the French Church at Dover, (afterwards 
minister of Canterbury, son of Jaques Le Queux of Canter- 



* " Quelques Deputez des families de la langue francoise de Douvre s'etant 
presentez a la Compagnie, avec lettres adressees au colloque, par lesquelles ils 
representent le desir que Dieu leur ce mis au coeur d'eriger une Eglise fran- 
coise a Douvre, ce qu'ils auroyent obtenu du parlement, et de s'associer aux 
autres Eglises de la langue francoise sous Tauthorite du colloque, Lequels ils 
prient de vouloir proceder a l'examen et reception du Sieur Philipe Le Keux 
Proposant, sur lequel ils ont jette les yeux pour leur servir en qualite de min- 
istre." (Colloque, 1646, a Londre.) 

Monsr Delme, Moderateur, est charge par la Compagnie de se transporter 
a Douvre, pour etablir TEglise par Timposition des mains sur le Sieur Philippe 
Keux, et le chois des anciens et diacres en la dite Eglise, selon les instructions 
a luy donnees conformes a la discipline, etant accompagne de deux ou trois 
anciens de son Eglise de Cantorbery. (27th colloque a Londre, 27 Aug., 1646.) 

N 



98 

bury,) with Jean Vincent. In 1634 the minister was Etienne 
Payen, and in the register of the French Chapel of St. Martin 
Orgars for the year 1719, is a notice of " Jean Campredon,* 
ministre a Douvres." 



FAVERSHAM, KENT. 
There was a French church at this place, as appears by some 
references to it, but few particulars have been collected. It 
appears by the register of the Hungerford Market Chapel, that 
M. Geby was the minister in 1696, and by a MS. at Lambeth 
Library, that M. Raoul, eet 56, was the minister in 1706, but 
that the cure was "worth little." 



WHITTLESEY. 

Whittlesey, is a small village in the Isle of Ely ; and at a 
short distance from it, and within six miles of Peterborough, is 
Whittlesey Meer, a large expanse of water which covers 1570 
square acres, and is eight miles and three quarters in circum- 
ference. In 1662, Charles the Second granted to Edward 
Earl of Sandwich the office of bailiff and keeper of Whit- 
tlesey Meer. The draining of this Meer, or of some of the 
marshes in the neighbourhood was amongst the undertakings 
of Sir Nicholas Vermuyden, and was no doubt the cause of a 
settlement of the Dutch and French at this place. 

* M. Campredon was many years minister of this church, for it appears by 
the actes of the Canterbury consistory that in 1693 there were differences be- 
tween him and the elders of his church, and upon the request of Robert Jacob, 
Jacob de Lecluse, Perclu and Minet, the two ministers and four elders of Can- 
terbury went to Dover to mediate, the result being the deposition of Lecluse 
from the office of elder. 

In a M. S. of 1706, in Lambeth Lib?, 941—64, he is called " Campredon 
Junr," and is stated to be 44 years of age. 



99 

It appears by the records of the colloque held in London in 
1646, that Le Sieur Du Perrier, " Soy disant Pasteur/' of 
Whittlesey, presented letter son behalf of the brethren at 
Whittlesey, praying to be incorporated with the other churches 
in the colloque, but the examination and ordination of M. 
Perrier was postponed, and a letter was written to them with a 
caution as to w T hom they admitted as their pastor, and ex- 
horting them to support their church under public authority. 

It would seem therefore, that no congregation of long dura- 
tion existed at Whittlesey, and probably the neighbouring 
village of Thorney Abbey, about four miles distant, became 
the site of their church and ministry. 



THORNEY ABBEY.* 

In the Lansd. MSS. vol. ex. is the petition of Sir Wm. 
Russell, Knt. ; it recites that he is seized of a great quantity of 
marsh and drowned grounds, late part of the possession of the 
monastery of Thorney ; that various persons in North Holland 
beyond seas, were willing to come over and inhabit there, and 
to recover the lands on certain conditions, viz. : — 

That they might sell their increase at all markets. 

That they be not pressed to serve in the wars beyond seas for 
forty years. 

That they be not subject to subsidies, fifteenths, &c. 

This petition was no doubt favourably received, for it ap- 
pears by a monument in the parish church of Thorney, that 
the French congregation was formed as early as 1052: the first 
baptism in the register, is in February 1654, in which year 
Ezechiel Daunois the minister, and David Le Conte the elder 
attended the colloque in London, as representatives of this 
congregation, which appears to have existed for seventy-five 
years, the last entry in the register being in October 1727. 

* " Thorney, is a perpetual curacy in the county of Cambridge ; in the 
church yard are several tomb stones to the memory of French Refugees." 



100 

The names occurring in the register and which are not un- 
common in Thorney and its vicinity at the present time, are 
Tigardine, Vernoy, Provost, Egar, Siggee, Gaches, Le Hair, 
Bailey, Fovarque, Le Tall, Boyee, Ainger, Le Fevre, Des- 
camps, and Debro. 

The Ministers appear to have been — 

Ezekiel Danois* . . .. 1652—1674 

Jembelixi .. .. 1685—1712 

Jaques Caironf .. .. 1689—1713 

(Louis Charles) Le Sueur . . 1715— (1727) 

The French Register is a small folio volume of paper, con- 
sisting of 146 pages containing 1710 entries of baptisms. — It 
commences with llth February, 1654, (the first leaf containing 
25 entries, being missing,) and ends with 3rd October, 1727. 
It is in the custody of the curate of Thorney. — In the first 
seven pages, the names occurring most frequently are Lisy, Le 
Pla, Senechall, De la Haye, Harlay, Le Fevre, Ry, Massen- 
garbe, Doby, Flahau, Amory, Soye, Sy, Le Grain, Fleurbaye, 
Blancart, Michel, Hecsin, Le Roux, Vigille, Dubo, Defrou, 
Yserby, Tafin, &c. &c. There are also at a later period the 
names of Manie, Frushar, Dornelle, and Le Sueur. — In the 
parish church-yard are inscriptions to Le Hair, Provost, Sigee, 
Frushar, Massingarbe, Egar, Fovarque, Mance, Harley, &c. 
and in the Church to Guerin, Le Pla, Flahau, Danois, &c. 



* On a mural monument in Thorney Church is the following- inscription to 
his memory — 

"M.S. Venerandi Senis Ezechielis Danois Compendiensis Galli Coetus 
Gallici qui hie congregari coepit, A. D. M DCL1I. Pastoris Primi qui, studio 
indefesso, doctrina et severitate morum, nulli secundus, ingens litteraturse the- 
saurus, hie orbe latuit. Deo, sibi, paucis aliis notus, eisque contentus testibus 
per LIV annoru (spatiu,) ex quibus XXII hie Thorney Abbatia; sumo cu fructu 
Ministerio suo functus, tandem hie ubi laboris ibi et quietus locu ivenet. Obiit 
24 Febr., Ao. Dm- MDCLXXIV iEtat.— " 

t Died in 1715 — " Jacobus Canon* min re Ecclae Francae sepultus est Maij 
15." Par Regr. of Thorney. 



101 



EXTRACTS. 

"Aout 12, 1655. Susanne Harlay, fille de Jeremie et de Marie 
Henry a ete baptizee, ses tesmoings sont Josias Harlay et Marthe 
Harlay, femme de piere le Grain." 

" Le 25 e jour d'Aoust, 1689. Rebecca Bouchereau, fille du S r 
Pierre Bouchereau, chirurgien et apoticaire demeurant au bourg d' 
Eye et d' Elizabeth Giraud ; nee le sixieme jour de ce mois, a este 
batizee par le S r Jembelin et a este presentee par Monsieur Cairon, 
ministre du St. Evenigile, et par M e Rebecca Holmes veuve du S r 
Jacob le Houcq." 

" Le 8 e jour de Mars, 1712 — 13. Jean Huglo, fils de Jean Huglo 
et de Marthe Hickling, nay le vint quatrierne jour de Fevrier, a este 
baptise par Mr. Cairon etant presente par Daniel Harley et Jeaune 
Gante, femme de Jacques Lisy." 

"Marianne Le Sueur, fille de Louis Charles, ministre de cette 
Eglise, et de Marianne Demoureaux est nee le l r de Decemb, 1723. 
Son Parrein est Pierre Le Sueur, et sa Marreine Anne Agathe Gloria 
veuve d'Ethienne Demonceaux. Elle a ete baptizee le 15 e du dit 
mois." 



SANDTOFT CHAPEL, LINCOLNSHIRE. 

In the county of York, to the eastward of Doncaster, is the 
level of Hatfield Chase, comprising, about two hundred years 
since, seventy thousand acres of land covered with water. The 
success which had attended the labours of the inhabitants of 
the Low countries, kept the public attention alive to the possi- 
bility of converting, as the Hollanders had done, our own fenny 
and watery country into solid ground. 

King James took a personal interest in the subject, and a 
commission was issued for the purpose of inquiring into the 
possibility of draining it; and in the reign of Charles I. Cor- 
nelius Vermuyden, a Zealander, took upon himself to accom- 
plish it,* and articles were signed in 1626, between the Crown 



* In 1584, a Foreigner, named Latriell, proposed to the Privy Council to raise 



102 

arid Vermuyden, by which Vermuyden was to be rewarded 
with one third of the recovered lands.* " His own command 
of capital was perhaps not equal to the design, but he was 
supported by many of his countrymen, especially by the Val- 
kenburgli family, the Van Peenens, SirPhilibert and Abraham 
Vernatti, And w Boccard and John Corsellis," and great num- 
bers of Flemish workmen were brought over.t 

In 1629 Vermuyden received the honour of Knighthood, 
and took a grant from the Crown of the whole Chase, which 
contained a power to Sir Cornelius to fulfill his pious intention 
of erecting one or more chapels in the lands granted to him, 
where service according to the form of the established religion 
of England might be performed in the English or Dutch lan- 
guage. 

Some of the foreigners embarked their money in this drain- 
age speculation as an employment of capital, and to these it 
was of importance to find tenants who would cultivate the land 
which was redeemed. J This it appears was not difficult to do. 
The state of Holland and the persecution of the French Pro- 
testants settled there, accounts for the many names of French 

water for supplying towns ; and also to drain the Fens, f Lansd 31SS. Vol. 42 
— 31J and Frederick Genebelii petitioned to erect engines, &c. in England for 
draining lands. (Lansd MSS. Vol. 110 J 

* For a full and interesting account of the drainage and the various circum- 
stances attending it, see the History of the Isle of Axholme, by the Rev. W. B. 
Stonehouse, 4to. 1839, and the History of the Deanery of Doncaster, by the 
Rev. Joseph Hunter, fo. 1828. 

Vermuyden brought over from Holland, a great number of workmen and 
implements of drainage, in vessels which sailed up the Trent, and which was 
facetiously called " the Navy of Tharshish." 

•f* In 1840 English labourers were constructing the fortifications of Paris, and 
also laying and constructing the Paris and Rouen railway. The Belgian rail- 
ways were also formed by English labourers. 

J Of the nature of the husbandry practised by these foreigners, few parti- 
culars have been preserved. It appears from the account of the damage done 
to their crops by the Epworth commoners, that they grew large quantities of 
rape. It w T as not till the farmers on these levels were more English than French 
and Dutch, that any thing was cultivated but oats or rye. 



103 



origin among those who held lands in the level. Dugdale es- 
timates the whole number of settlers at 200 families. They 
are described as a harmless, industrious people, who pursued 
in peace their agricultural operations. De La Pry me, whose 
grandfather was one of them, says : " that for a time they lived 
like princes ; but it is to be feared that the misfortunes and 
losses of the superiors would shed an evil influence over the 
state of the tenantry." They lived for the most part in single 
houses, dispersed through the newly recovered country. On 
Sundays, however, they had a point at which they were accus- 
tomed to assemble. 

On the 26th January, 1634, Sir Philibert Vernatti, Henry 
Kinston, Luke Valkenburgh, Mathew Valkenburgh, John 
Corsellis, and Michael Corsellis, Esqrs., went before a notary, 
and in the name of the whole body of the participants, declared 
their consent that the sum of £70. or £80. should be raised 
annually for the support of a minister to officiate in the French 
and Dutch languages by assessment on their estates, to be made 
by six of the chief proprietors ; and it was added that " for the 
satisfaction of those who might then intend to settle upon the 
land," no rent should be taken till an able minister was settled. 
A chapel was immediately erected,* and the site chosen for it 
was Sandtoft, a village in the parish of Belton, which is in 
Lincolnshire, but close to the borders of the county of York. 
Here the various ordinances of religion were performed, and 
the public service was read alternately in the Dutch and 
French languages. f 

* It was built by one Isaac Bedloe, a merchant ; and many years after he 
had not received the money stipulated to be paid him. 

f At a colloque held at London on the 7th May, 1746, a letter was directed 
to be written to Sieur Berchett, and the congregation of Sandtoft, exhorting 
them to endeavour " a apuyer leur Eglise sur l'authorite publique, a l'example 
de cette de Douvre." At the following colloque in 1647, M. Berchett as minis- 
ter, and Le Sieur David Le Conte, ancien, attended, and shewed the foundation 
of their establishment by public authority, and were united and incorporated 
with the colloque of the other churches. (Livre des Colloques.) 



104 

Various law proceedings as well as riotous assemblies ap- 
pear to have taken place on the subject of these lands, about 
the year 1650, and the question of a reversal of a decree being 
before the Courts, &n order issued to the sheriffs to put the 
participants in possession of the lands assigned by the decree, 
subject to the ultimate decision of the Court. But when the 
sheriff arrived in the Isle, he found himself forcibly obstructed 
by a body of four hundred men, with Daniel Noddell a soli- 
citor, at their head. And when in 1650, the original decree 
was confirmed in the Exchequer, riots more violent than the 
former occurred, in the course of which, not fewer than eighty- 
two dwelling houses of the foreign settlers were destroyed, and 
their chapel at Sandtoft defaced, with circumstances which dis- 
tinctly mark the vulgar and brutal character of the assailants. 
For ten days the Isle men were in a state of open rebellion. 

While in this state, two old Parliament officers appeared in 
the Isle. These were Major John Wildman, and the noted 
fanatic Colonel John Liiburn. To these men the people of 
Ep worth agreed to assign over two thousand acres of their 
moor, on condition of their right being established in the whole 
seven thousand four hundred, and being saved harmless touch- 
ing all riots past. So confident were they of success, that Lii- 
burn himself is said to have repaired the house at Sandtoft, 
which had been built for the minister, and to have put his ser- 
vant to reside in it, and in the true spirit of his character, to 
have employed the chapel as a stable or barn. 

In 1656 Major General Whalley was appointed to superin- 
tend this part of the Levels, and he was instructed to aid the 
sheriffs in keeping the peace ; putting any legal decree into 
execution, maintaining all persons in their rights, and especi- 
ally the strangers in the free exercise of their religion, at the 
accustomed place. 

The first Parliament after the restoration of King Charles II. 
was much occupied with the affairs of the levels, and it was 
proposed to exempt the persons who had been engaged in 
defacing the chapel at Sandtoft from the act of indemnity. 



105 

Many of the families of the settlers returned home when 
the laws shewed themselves too weak to restrain the riotous 
spirit of the Isle men. In 1681, the principal of those who 
remained, were, Abraham Beharel, David Morillion, John 
Tyssen, Abraham Egarr, and Pieter Le Leu.* In that year 
these persons, in behalf of themselves and the rest of the 
tenants, represented to the court of sewers their want of a 
minister, in consequence of which many of the lands were at 
that time unoccupied. They further represented that their 
forefathers were induced to settle on the levels, on the faith of 
the engagement before mentioned, that a minister should be 
provided for them ; and that they had reason to believe that 
several French Protestants, who are forced to leave their native 
country in consequence of the persecution they lie under, would 
come to reside on the levels if there was a minister provided 
for them. They also represented that since 1633, till within 
four or five years last past, a minister had been maintained 
among them, and that now a minister is offered to them, and 
present with them, who was a person of good report, and one 
with whom some of them have had some small converse since 
his coming into the country, and do think him fully qualified. 
They asked that £30. a year might be devoted to this object, 
which was accordingly granted at a Court of Sewers, held on 
the 30th September, 1681. The minister here referred to was 
Monsieur Le Vaneley, who w T as the last minister ; and the 
chapel did not long survive him, for it was soon afterwards 
taken down, and cattle grazed upon its site. " It stood on the 
north side of the bank coming from Bean Wood Green to New 
Idle Bank, nearly opposite to Mr. Reading's last new house, 
which stands on the South side of the Bank." 

* From an obliging communication from the Rev. W. B. Stonehouse the 
Historian of the Isle of Axholme, it would seem that Stovin the Antiquarian 
who lived in 1750, wrote a MS. in which were many notes from this register, 
which most probably fell into the hands of Peter Le Leu; but his descendants 
have now nothing but the old French Bible, in which, however, are some bap- 
tisms and marriages about 1660. 

O 



106 



The names of the ministers were 

Monsieur Berchett, (died 18th April, 1655, buried at Crowle,) 1646 

Jean Deckeshuel .. .. .. .. .. 1659 

Mons r De La Prix 

Samuel Lamber .« .. .. „ . .. 1664 

Jacques de la Porte .. .. .. .. 1676 

Mons r Le Vaneley .. .. .. .. 1681 

The register of the chapel, which was carefully kept from 
1641 to 1681, is not now to be found. It was in the French 
language.* From a copy of it, the Rev. Joseph Hunter has 
extracted the following names, some of them being partici- 
pants in the division of the recovered lands, but the greater 
number, their tenants. 



Martin Dubliq 
Anthony Blancart 
Anthony Scanfaire 
Peter De La Hay 
Noah Ager 
Jesay Beamarm 
John Lelew 
James Leroy 
Simon Acfair 
Francis Derik 
Anthony Lerlour 
Peter Amory 
James Renard 
Christian Smaque 
Michael Le Brand 
Peter Descamps 
Isaac Delanoy 
James Harnew 
Aser Legrand 



James Dumoulin 
Anthony Blancar 
James Coquelar 
Ab m Egard 
David Morrilion 
Peter Le Lieu 
Isenbar Chavatte 
Mark de Coup 
Isaac Van Plue 
Jacob Tyssen 
Isaac Beharelle 
David Letalle 
Peter Tyssenf 
Abraham Beharelle 
Andrew Clebaux 
Matthias Prieux 
Isaac Des Biens 
Noah Matts 
John Beharelle 



* The following is from it j— « De 25 Fevrie 1654, a este baptises a Sandtoft, 
Jehan fil de Piere Egarr et de Sara Vandeboe. Ses testimones sont John Egarr, 
fils de Jehan and Marye femme de Jacques Iserby." 

f Query— if not an ancestor of the Lord of the Manor of Hackney. 



107 



Mathew Porree 
Hosea Tafin. D. 
Custaw Legrand 
John De Lannois 
James Flahau 
Isaac Amory. D. 
James Vienin. D. 
Anthony Dubois. D. 
Rowland Dubois. D. 
Charles Pryme* 
Isaac Vennin 
Adraian Vanhouze. D. 
Anthony Le Roux 
Nicholas Tyssen 
Peter De La Gay 
Cha s Ranoy 
David Le Conte 
Anthony Massingarbe 
Cha s Arebault 
Anth y Marquelier' 
Adrian Vanhouq. D. 
Isaac Veniyf 
Christian Fontaine 
Mathew Brugne 
Josias Harlay 
Isaac Clais 
Charles Priam. D. 



Ab m Desquier 
Cha s Geubeu 
William Prime 
Christian Smaque. D. 
Tho s Benitland 
Isaac Hancar 
Robert Taffin 
Joel Delepiere 
Isaac Vanplue 
John De Roubay 
Abraham Blique 
Daniel Duverley 
Jacob Liennar 
Joel Lespirre 
Peter Egar 
Peter Duguenne 
George Hardicq 
Simon Le Haire 
Benjamin Gouy 
John Gougter 
Ab m Brynye 
James De Ratt. D. 
James Raumery 
Isaac de Burge 
Gregory Impson 
John Frouchart 
John Swart 



* Ancestors of the Member for Cambridge, George Pryme, Esq. 

The Rev. Abm. de la Pryme was born at Hull. He was the son of Matthew 
de la Pryme, who emigrated from the city of Ipres in Flanders during those 
cruel religious persecutions under the Duke d'Alva. Matthew settled, with 
many others of his unfortunate countrymen, in the Level of Hatfield Chace, 
soon after the same was drained by Vermuyden. Abm. was sometime divinity 
leader to the High Church, Hull, and minister of Thorne. Wells, Bedford 
Levels, p. 9b. 

f From the Vermoys, is the family of Ellison of Thorne. From the De 
Witts, who held some of the land, are descended the Jebbs. See in the Annual 
Obituary, the account of Mrs. Radcliffe the celebrated romance writer, whose 
grandmother was a Jebb. 



108 

In the neighbourhood a few remains of the stock of the ori- 
ginal settlers may be found. The Dunderdale's close by, are 
descended on the female side from Peter Le Leu. Margrave 
and Brunyee are still to be found at Crowle ; and the name of 
Morillion occurs in the sepulchral memorials as late as 1814, 
and that of Venny in 1771. There are also descendants of 
Tafan Tafinder at West Ferry, and of Amory and Jaques at 
Belton. One relic however has survived the general destruc- 
tion, and that is the folio French Bible which was used in the 
pulpit of Sandtoft Church. It was printed at Geneva in 
1 648, and it has been preserved in the family of Dunderdale 
who obtained possession of it from the Le Leus. There is 
written on the title page " Appartient a Pierre Le Leu."* 



DURHAM HOUSE CHAPEL, AND SOMERSET HOUSE 
CHAPEL. 

In the journal of the House of Commons, is the following 
order respecting the Chapel of Somerset House. 

13 Martii, 1643. " Ordered that all the vestments and utensils 
belonging to the altar and chapel of Somerset House be forthwith 
burnt, and the committee to examine further for Pope's Bulls, by 
whose authority this convent was established and by whom procu- 
red." On the 5th April, 1653, Parliament voted the chapel for the 
use of French Protestants during pleasure, and it appears that the 
congregation moved hither from Durham House in the Strand, when 
that Mansion was pulled down. The minister at both of these cha- 
pels was the Rev. Jean Espagne,f who was much followed, and 

* Stonehouse's Isle of Axholme, 1839, p. 359; where will be found a full 
account of this volume, and fragments of a sermon and letter found among 
the pages of it. 

*f Two of his works were translated into English. Anti-Duello 4 l ° 1632. 
L'usage de Toraison 12° 1646. By the latter it appears that he had preached 
to a congregation assembled in the house of the Earl of Pembroke, to whom 
the work is dedicated. 



109 

admired by many of the nobility. It seems probable that the same 
congregation met in 1649 at the Savoy, for Evelyn in his Journal 
says, " In the afternoon I went to the French Church in the Savoy, 
where I heard M. D'Espagne catechise." 

In 1711 Somerset House Chapel was opened for the service of 
the established church, and the Bishop of Bristol preached. It was 
finally closed in 1777 '.* 



THE SAVOY IN THE STRAND, " LES GRECS," EDWARD 

STREET. 
About the year 1641 the Duke of Soubize living near the 
Court and finding it troublesome by reason of his infirmities to 
go to church at Threadneedle Street, had usually a French 
sermon preached every Sunday at his own house, to which the 
French residents of that neighbourhood used to repair. At the 
Duke's death they endeavoured to set up a French church near 
the Strand, which was opposed by the London Walloon 
Church. Both parties appealed to the King, who thereupon 
set up the French church in the Savoy, under the jurisdiction 
of the Bishop of London, with the use of the Liturgy of 
the Church of England, his Majesty providing for one min- 
ister.! The Westminster congregation hesitated to accept a 

* The register is in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart. : who some 
years since printed a few copies, one of which he presented to the Author. It 
comprises marriages, baptisms, and burials from 1714 to 1776. 

■f June, 1675. A grant unto the Dean and Chapter of Westminster and 
their successors and assigns, of one Annuity of £60. payable out of his Majes- 
ty's Exchequer, quarterly, from Lady Day last, to be equally divided amongst 
the preaching ministers of the French church of the Savoy, now, and for the 
time being-, and in addition to what is already allowed them from the same 
church, according- to his Majesty's order in Council. Subscribed by Mr. Atty. 
Genl. by warrant under his Majesty's Sign manual. {Privy Seal Office. J 

About 1740, upon the intercession of the Marquis de Miremont and the 
Marquis de Montandre, and other members of the Savoy church, £150 per 
annum was settled upon the church of Les Grecs, out of the Royal Bounty, 



110 

church on these conditions, and solicited the advice of the re- 
formed churches of France and Geneva. The answer from 
these churches and from the Princess of Turenne (to be found 
in Kennett's Chronicle, p. 462,) induced the parties to accede, 
and on the 14th July, 1661, the first sermons were preached at 
the Savoy by Messrs. Durell and Couteur; "there was present 
a great number of people, and many persons of quality, viz. : 
the Duke and Duchess of Ormond, the Countess Dowager of 
Derby, the Countess of Ossory and of Atholl, the Earl of Staf- 
ford, Newcastle, Devonshire, and the Lord Cavendish, the 
Vice Chamberlain, with his family." p. 494. 

By a draft memorial addressed to His Majesty's Treasury 
by John James Majendie, D. D., Mathew Maty, M. D., John 
Blagny, Esq., Isaac Ladvocat, and Isaac Roberts, Gentlemen, 
trustees of the French Church in the Savoy; (and appearing 
to be drawn up by "Francis Maseres, Inner Temple, Dec. 16, 
1772") it appears that on the 24 Dec, 13 Car. II, (1661,) an 
indenture was made between Gilbert Sheldon, then Bishop of 
London, and the Master of the hospital of the Savoy, and the 
Chaplains perpetual of the same, of the one part, and Dr. 
John Colladon, Physician in ordinary to the King, Henry 
Browne, Esq., Stephen Bedard, Chirurgeon, and John De 
Billon Lamarc, Gentleman, of the other part : whereby the 
master and chaplains demised all that part of the hospital or 
dormitory of the Savoy, called the chapel ward, together with 
one little room or chamber (being formerly a sister's room) 
adjoining to the north side of the said ward, and other pieces of 
ground therein mentioned, for a term of forty years, to the end 
that the lessees and divers other persons, natives of the king- 
dom of France, then inhabiting within the cities of London and 
Westminster or the suburbs or liberties of the same, and pro- 
fessing the reformed religion, should assemble in the said 
chapel ward, to hear divine service read and the word of God 
preached in the same, they having before agreed (with the 
consent of the King, testified by His gracious letters, dated 10 



Ill 

March, 16(61) that the book of common prayer and adminis- 
tration of sacraments established by law, as used in the Island 
of Jersey, being translated into the French language, should 
be constantly read, used, and observed by their pastors or 
curates, and that they should submit to the immediate juris- 
diction of the Bishop of London, as all congregations within 
his diocese, as well strangers as others, were to do. That, by 
an indenture of the 19th Dec, 1695, made upon a surrender of 
the former lease, the master and chaplains demised for forty 
years to Thomas Satur, Clerk, and John Dubourdieu, Clerk, 
ministers of the said French Church, and Nicolas Louvigni 
and Peter Baume, churchwardens, and James Frontin, Esq. ; 
the before mentioned premises with some additional pieces of 
ground for enlarging the chapel ward and better accommoda- 
ting the lessees. That at the expiration of the last mentioned 
lease, the parties continued in possession by virtue of a royal 
licence of King Geo. II. under his sign manual, dated 2nd Oc- 
tober, 1733, free from rent and fine during the royal pleasure, 
the hospital having been dissolved. That on the 15th February, 
1769, King Geo. III. by an instrument under his sign manual, 
gave licence to J. J. Majendie, clerk, prebendary of Sarum, 
Mathew Maty, Dr. of physic, John de Blagny, and John 
Girardot de Chancourt, Gentleman, Isaac Ladvocat, and Isaac 
Roberts, to hold the said chapel with the vestry room and in- 
closed passage during the royal pleasure, at the yearly rent of 
3s. 4d. That on the 6th June, 1769, the said trustees agreed 
with the congregation of German Protestants to grant a lease of 
the spot of ground on which the remains of the French church 
and vestry were situated, in consideration of their paying the 
trustees of the French church £10., and rebuilding the said 
French church and vestry upon the old foundations, and paying a 
yearly rent of £8., and that the French congregation should 
have liberty to meet and perform service four times a year in 
the church and vestry ; and when a renewal was necessary the 
French trustees should apply to the Crown for the same, and 



112 



the German congregation should pay £15. on such renewal. 
A lease was accordingly granted by the French trustees, with 
the consent of the Bishop of London. 

In 1772; an Act passed for determining what parts of the 
Savoy should be under the survey of the Exchequer, and what 
of the Duchy of Lancaster. This Act mentioned the High 
German Church and the Low German Church, but no mention 
was made of the French Church, eo nomine, and the French 
trustees were therefore fearful that it might be supposed that 
the German church held directly from the Crown, and this 
memorial was prepared in order to get some declaration from 
the Treasury of the rights of the French trustees. 

The ministers at the Savoy, were — 

John Durel* 
Richard Du Maresque 
Thomas Satur 
Jaques Severin 
James Abbadief 

■ Le Cros 

Louis Saurin 

LuzancyJ 

de Susyboham[| 

John Dubourdeau, M. A.§ 
David Renauld Bouillier 





1661 




1675 


. . 


1684 




1703 


• . » • 


1700 




1710 




1711 




1716 


. . 


j> 




1718 


. . . . 


1731 



* A learned divine, born 1625. He was chaplain to the Duke de la Force, 
Author of the Liturgy of the Church of England asserted, 4to. 1662—1688, 
Theoramata Philosophise, &c.,&c. 

t Was a native of Berne. He accompanied Marshall Schomberg to England 
in 1688, and was present when that great Commander fell at the Battle of the 
Boyne. On his return to London he was appointed minister here, and was 
subsequently made Dean of Killaloe. His principal work was " Traite de la 
Verite de la Religion Chretienne." Died 1727. 

J In 1718 beneficed in Essex. 

|| He was sent for to be minister of the French congregation that met at 
St. Patrick's, Dublin. 

§ He came over on the revocation, was Rector of Sawtrey Maines in Hun- 
tingdon. Died 1728, set. 72. 



113 



Paul Convenant .. .. .. 1731 

Jean de Lastre . . . . . . ,, 

Daniel OHivier . . . . . . ,, 

Cesar de Missy .. ., .. 1732 

J. J. Majendie* .. .. .. 1735 

Muysson . . . . . . 1 740 

Eynard . . . . . . „ 

Claris, a Proselyte . . . . . . 1756 

David Durand, D.D.f 

About the year 1731 the chapel became dilapidated, the 
roof being in a very dangerous condition, and the services were 
performed in the vestry; not being able to provide for the 
repairs necessary, the congregation used the chapel in Spring 
Gardens, (which was united with the Savoy for various pur- 
poses,) and also Les Grecs, and about the year 1737 left the 
Savoy altogether, and the congregation merged in that of Les 
Grecs, under which head a description of the registers will 
be found.? 



"LES GRECS" 
In Dudley Court, Hog Lane, (now called Crown Street, Soho,) the 
Congregation now meeting in Edward Street, Soho. 
" The Chapel in Hog Lane was originally built for the 

* Chaplain to the Earl of Grantham, Author of Le But des Afflictions 8vo., 
1741, The Yoke of the Church of Rome, 4to., 1745, The Double Deliverance, 
4to., 1755. 

f A very eloquent preacher, born about 1679. After many perilous escapes 
from death and the inquisition, he came to England. Died 1763. He was the 
Author of several valuable and now rare works, " A Life of Vanini," A History 
of the 16th Century, and a Continuation of Rapin. 

J This chapel belonged to the parish of St, Martin's in the Fields, having 
come into their possession in the 36 Car II. They exchanged a piece of ground 
on the west side of the Haymarket for a part of Kemp's field, and afterwards 
when this was required for the erection of St. Ann's, Soho, they exchanged it 
for another part of Kemp's field, called Bunches, on which the Greek church 
was built. It was sold in 1818 to a Mr. Allen. 

P 



114 

Greeks. 3 ' It was afterwards for many years used by the 
French Protestant Refugees, but in 1822 their lease being 
nearly expired, they sold the remainder of the term for £200. 
to a congregation of Dissenters, and removed to Edward Street, 
Wardour Street, Soho, where they took, at a rental of £60. per 
annum, a chapel on the north side of the street, which had been 
used by a congregation of Baptists, and which they named 
ei Les Grecs," and service is still continued there. On the 2nd 
of January, 1845, the first stone of a new church was laid by 
the Bishop of London. It is from a design of Ambrose 
Poynter, Esq., and is now building in the Street now called 
Bloomsbury Street. 

Hogarth has given a representation of the old chapel in 
Hog Lane, in his picture of (: Noon," and the figure coming 
out of the chapel is said to have been a very good likeness of 
the Rev. Thomas Herve, who was the Minister there from 
about 1727 to 1731. 

Some of the ministers who have officiated at this chapel, 
were, the Rev. Jacques Severin, 1715, Jacques Durand, 1715, 
Darvilliers a proselyte, Jean Hudel, 1725, Thomas Herve, 
1727, Alexander Sterky, up to 1838; the present ministers, 
are, Jacques Samuel Pons,* and Jean Marie Mudry. 

This chapel, as the representative of the Savoy, has been 
considered as the mother church of the congregations at the 
west end of London. The congregations of the Savoy, Les 
Grecs, and Spring Gardens were united, the two former 
about 1721, and the latter, subsequently. The congregation 
of Le Temple or La Patente en Soho, was also united at a 
later period. f 

The registers belonging to this chapel are comprised in three 

* Left the French Church at Bristol about 1810, for this church. 

f This congregation has about £5000. in the funds, for the use of the poor, 
and about £2000. for the use of the church. The present trustees are Mr. 
Robert Vincent, Mr. Pierre Des Granges, Mr, Charles Sterky, and Mr. Jacob 
Vincent. 



115 

folios, the first commencing in 1703, and ending in July 1731, 
and is intituled " Au nora de Dieu, Baptesmes." It appears 
to have been kept by the consistory, for the three chapels of 
Les Grecs, Savoy, and Spring Gardens. 
The second book is intituled — 

" Registre des Baptemes de l'Eglise Francoise de la Savoie com- 
mence le 8 Aout, 1731." 

This book is continued by the present congregation of Les 
Grecs up to the present time, but the last entry is in 1822. 
The third book is intituled — 

"Liure des Manages de l'Eglise Francoise de la Savoye commence 
au nom de Dieu a Londre le premier Mar. 1684." 

At the baptism in 1617, of Guill e de la Plaigne, the Godfathers 
are "le tres honorable Guillaume Kendisk, my Lord Due de Devon- 
shire, et Marie de la Bastide." 

" Patrick, son of Patrick Cranford, Esq., and Maiy Anne Alex- 
andre, bapt. 18 Feb. 1773, at his father's house in Frith Street. 

The following .marriages occur : — 

Charles de Ponthieu et D Ile Marguerite de la Rochefoucault, 7 Oct. 

1691. 
Col 1 Guillaume Stanhope and Ann Griffith, 1 April, 1719. 
John Parker of Kent, and Sus e Gascoin of St. Ann's, Westminster, 

3 Aug. 1743. 
Robert Bradbury and Mary Watts. 

" Copy of a certificate by Saville Bradley, Chaplain of the Duke of 
Richmond and Rector of Earnly, Sussex, that on the 22 Nov. 1719, 
he married at Lord Stair's house at Paris, Captain Charles Theodore 
de Maxwell, and M lle Martha Susanne Degennes. 

1720 Pierre Ardouin and Marie Marg te Aubert. 

1690 Jean Barbot and CharP Sus e Drelincourt. 

1692 Antoine de Martin de la Bastide and Ann Bazanier. 

1700 Captain Jean Brasselay and Sus e Lagruelle. 



116 



CHAPTER VI. 

PROVINCIAL FRENCH CHURCHES, (ESTABLISHED AFTER THE 
REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF NANTES,) AT GREENWICH, HAM- 
MERSMITH, CHELSEA, THORPE, BRISTOL, PLYMOUTH, STONE- 
HOUSE, EXETER, BARNSTAPLE, DARTMOUTH, AND BIDEFORD. 



GREENWICH. 

There were a considerable number of French Refugees con- 
gregated at this place, and Evelyn in his Memoirs makes the 
following note of them : — 

"1687, at Greenwich. After the service of the church was over 
there was a French sermon preached, after the use of the English 
liturgy translated into French, to a congregation of about 100 
French Refugees, of whom M. Ruvigny* was the chief, and had 
obtained the use of the church after parish service was ended. The 
preacher pathetically exhorted to patience, constancy, and reliance 
on God amidst all their sufferings, and the infinite rewards to come." 

It would seem therefore that at first they had the use of the 
parish church, but afterwards they had a chapel of their own, 
though the situation of it is not known. Evelyn mentions 
besides the Marquess of Rouvigny, " old Jerome Lennier of 
Greenwich, a man skilled in painting and music, and another 

* The Marquess of Rouvigny. On the 8th August, 1686, Evelyn says, " I 
wente to visite ye Marquess Ravigne, now my neighbour at Greenwich, retired 
from the persecution in France. He was the deputy of all the Protestants of 
that kingdom in the Parliament of Paris, and severall times Ambassador in 
this and other Courts. A person of great learning and experience. His Son 
was with King Will, in Ireland, and was made Earl of Galway." 



117 

rare musician called Mell. Lennier had been a domestic of 
Queen Elizabeth, and shewed me her head, an intaglio in a 
rare sardonyx, cut by a famous Italian, which he assured me 
was exceedingly like her." M. Moze was also a music master 
here, and his descendants are still parishioners. 

In 1673 there was an establishment here called the Italian 
Glass House, (e where glasse was blown of finer metall than 
that of Murano at Venice." f Evelyn. J 

Some of the ministers of this church were — 

M. Riviere* .. .. .. 1703 

M. Severinf .. .. .. 1687 

M. Parasol} .. .. .. 1709 

— La Romeliere|| .. .. .. 1716 

— Mathey .. .. .. 1718 



THE FRENCH CHURCH AT WANDSWORTH. 

Many of the French Refugees who came over to England 
settled at Wandsworth, where they formed a congregation, and 
either built or rented a place of worship, (the building is now 
used as a meeting house by a congregation of Independents.) 
It is situated in a court nearly opposite the parish church, but 
has been so altered and repaired, that no trace of its original 
appearance remains. On the front of it is the following — 
Erected 1573,— enlarged 1685,— repaired 1809—1831. 

* In 1706 he was still minister, at which time he was 59 years of age, and 
had a wife and four children. — Lambeth Lib : 941 — 64. 

f On the 23rd of November, 1692, he solemnized a marriage at the French 
Chapel, De Hungerford. He removed to this church in 1687, having been 
several years at the French Church at Thorpe. 

X Banns were published this year at the Greenwich French Chapel by this 
minister. 

|| Having no talents for the pulpit, and having given great offence to the 
congregation, they would not suffer him to preach any more.— (Dubourdieu.J 



118 

"Among these refugees were a considerable number of hatters, 
who introduced their manufacture at this place and carried it on with 
great success. Though much diminished in its extent, the manu- 
facture still exists ; Mr. Chatting a grandson of one of the refugees, 
being now (1792) a hatter in Wandsworth. Most of their descen- 
dants who either remain here, or are dispersed into the neighbouring 
villages, have so anglicised their names, that the memory of their 
extraction is almost lost." — (Lysoris Environs, vol. I, page 503.J* 

Aubrey, in his Antiquities of Surrey, vol. i. p. 14, mentions 
a manufacture of brass plates for frying-pans, kettles, and other 
culinary vessels, which was established here by Dutchmen, 
who kept it as a mystery. 

Among the burials at the cemeteryf at Wandsworth, are 
Dame Isabeau Bories de Montauban, James Baudouin, Esq., 
James Poumies, Esq., Thomas de Demfrene, Esq. ; and in the 
parish register of Wandsworth, is Allice Palladaye, ob. 1622. 
David Montolieu Baron de St Hyppolite, ob. 1761, aged 93. 
In 1722, "Alexandre Arabin, Jeune homme de Wandsworth," 
joined the French Church at Norwich. 

By the register of marriages at La Savoye, it appears that 
the Rev. Jean de la Sale was minister at this place in 1688, 
he married in that year Judith Papin. In 1699, M. Pierre 
Bossatran was minister.t In 1707, M. de la Chapelle and 
M. La Roqueboyer were ministers, and Tapin de Barhay, 
reader. In 1759, Monsieur Henry was minister. 

The French congregation at this place, received of the Go- 
vernment grant in 1721, £126 15s., and in 1728, £78. 

The register of this church is not to be found, but amongst 

* The first invention of Hats was about the beginning of King Henry VIII. 
The Spaniards and Dutchmen then instructed us how to make Spanish felts, 
and the French taught us not only how to perfect the mystery of hat-making, 
but also how to take off our hats. — (Old Pamphlet.) 

■f The burial ground is situated at the entrance to Wandsworth from Lon- 
don, and is still called " the French burial ground." 

$ In 1699, the Rev. J. G. De la Voure the minister of Canterbury, married 
Marie, daughter of the Rev. Pierre Bossatran, 



119 

the records of L'Artillerie at the London Walloon Church are 
licences for the following matches at the French Church at 
Wandsworth. 

1702 Peter Chamou of Wandsworth and Cath e Brisson, 

1704 Step n Castan and Marie Labodie. 

1706 John Currois of Wandsworth and Jeane Callou. 

1707 Ludovico Thiolet of Wandsworth and Eliz. Torin. 
1707 Guill c Vignon and Jeane La Roche. 

1710 Bernard Moritt and Sus e Torin of Wandsworth. 



CHELSEA. 
It is believed that there were two French chapels at Chelsea, 
one was situated in Cook's Grounds, (now used by a congre- 
gation of Independents, of whom the Rev. John Bunce was 
lately minister,) and the other is at Little Chelsea. 

There is no register now to be found, but the following in- 
formation has been derived from other sources. 

MINISTERS. 

— Durete*.. .. .. . 8 (1714) 

— Bion (Little Chelsea) . . (1716) 

— L'Hirondelle (minister at both chapels) 

The following marriage took place at this chapel. 

Step n Goujon, St. Ann's, Westminster, W r ' 33, and Hester Court- 
auld, St. Martin's Fields, Sp. 17, (May, 1729.) Bp. of London's 
Matrimonial Allegations. 



HAMMERSMITH. 
" A French Protestant Church formerly stood in this neighbour- 
hood. It is mentioned in the Court Rolls, but the site cannot be 

* See Crispin Street. 



120 

ascertained. The frequent occurrence of French names in the parish 
register, shews that many of these refugees had settled here."* 

From the parish register are the following — ■ 

" February 8th, 1702 — 3, Bernard Hulin and Louise Tritot, was 
married in the French Church at Hammersmith, by Mr. Bernard 
Richon, minister." 

BURIALS. 

1701 — 2, Eliza Dranow Allin, a French maid. 

1702, November 24th, David Lacasto, a poor Frenchman. 

1705, May 21st, Charlotta Eliza, dau. of Mr. John Harmand De- 
bourdieu, a French minister, and Esther. 

Iszephroniah Odier d of Wm, and Iszephroniah bur. 9 February, 
1682—3. 

Pamphilus Scanderberg Pigou son of John and Mary, bap. 5 Aug. 
1687, (6s. 6d.) bur. 21 April, 1688, (4s. 6d.) 

There are also notices of Azire, (starch maker,) Centliore, Duches- 
nay, Pigou, (woollen draper,) Ribouleau, &c. &c. 

The ministers at this chapel were — 

Rev. Jaques Parent . . . ♦ 1752 

Ditto and Lecteur de Carre . . . . 1756 

Bernard Richon . . . . . . 1 703 

Muzarsf .. .. .. 1706 

No register is now to be found, but the following matches 
took place at this Chapel. — 

Raimon Levillet, St. James's, Tailor, B r " 21 and Anne Barre, same, 

Sp. 28,— June, 17354 
Bernard Hulin and Louise Tritot, — 8th February, 1703.|| 
Pierre Cochereau and Susanne Robison — (Banns published at Ham- 
mersmith, but married at Le Quarre.) 

* Faulkner's Hammersmith. f Biblioth : Lambeth : 941 — 64. 

X Bps. Allegations. |] Collect 9 Top a p. 317. 



121 



THORPE LE SOKEN, ESSEX. 

This congregation was founded in 1683, and in the year 1839 
the register was found amongst other documents. It appears 
by a memorandum at the beginning of this book, that on the 

4th June, 1683, the Bishop of London gave the Rev. 

Severin, a French minister, permission to repair to Beaumont 
in Essex, and to preach in the parish church to the French 
Protestants. On the 1st of July he accordingly preached 
there, but the parishioners wishing to retain the use of the 
church for two services every Sunday, and the French congre- 
gation preferring the parish of Thorpe, the Bishop approved 
of the transfer, and M. Severin preached there accordingly 
on the 29th July, 1683. 

In 1685 they obtained leave of the Bishop to build a chapel 
for themselves, and they procured from Andrew Wharton, Esq. 
of Much Badow, about a quarter of an acre of ground on 
Thorpe Common, called the Bowling Green ;* but the inhabi- 
tants objected to this grant, and the congregation therefore 
purchased for £15. of Solomon Green of Ramsey, a piece of 
ground near the church, held of the manor of Kirby. The 
chapel was accordingly built, and service was performed in it 
for the first time on the 4th March 1688, and £40. per annum 
was allowed by the distributors of the royal bounty for the 
maintenance of a minister. 

In 1687 M. Severin left his charge for Greenwich, and M. 
Mestayer was chosen in his stead, who dying in 1707 was 
succeeded by the Rev. Gabriel Colin. In 1714 M. Colin left 
to reside in London. In 1717 Claude Richiere signs as min- 
, ister, and in 1732 Jacques Grillet signs as " Lecteur." Soon 
after this latter date the congregation came to an end, and at 
the close of the index to the register is the following, — " U 
Eglise Franqoise de Thorpe faute de membres fut ferm6e 
peu apres ce terns la." In 1772 M. Jacques Grellet deposited 

* A copy of the deed of gift is inserted in the register. 
Q 



122 



the register with the Rev. Jacob Bourdillon, the minister of the 
church of UArtillerie in Spitalfields. Upon the consolidation 
of that church with the Walloon church in Threadneedle 
Street., this register with others was deposited there. 
A register in vellum, is intituled— 

" Registre des Actes du Consistoire de 1'Eglise Francoise Recueillie 
a Thorp le Socken En Essex depuis 1'an 1683 :" — contains an index 
to the baptisms extending from 1684 to 1726, and to the marriages 
(sixteen in number) from 1684 to 1708. 

The names which occur are— 

Delaporte Le Jeune Cadel 

Goymard De Mede Du Bay 

Bouchard Plumail Vouster 

Varielles Beauchamp Nortier 

Doree Le Blond Six 

Dufour Audinet Rougereau 

Espinasse Watte Potier 

A rumour having been propagated that this congregation 
were wanting in loyalty, they sent to the Magistrates and to 
the Bishop of London, the following declaration. 

" Ce present acte est pour certifier a tons ceux qui'l a partiendra 
que nous Protestans Francois cy dessus mentionez declarons par ces 
presantes que nous voulons tres promptement et voluntairement, 
servir Sa Majeste Jaques Second, Roy D'angleterre d'Ecosse France 
et Irlande, Defenseur de la Foy, &c, et exposer nos vies et nos biens 
contre Jaques Scott, cy devant Due de Montmouth, et tous autres 
Traitres rebeles et ennemis du Roy et du Royaume d'Angleterre. 
En foy dequoy nous avous signez ce 21 Juin, 1685. 



Jean Severin 

Jean de L'Estrilles de la Glide 

Daniel Olivier 

Roquier Puiechegut 

Pontardant 

Plancq 

De la Porte 



Samuel de Courcelles 

Jean Sionneau 

P. Potier 

Maria 

Bonnet 

Messien 

Benjamin Turquain 



123 

The original Register of baptisms, marriages, and burials 
was discovered in an old chest, in the Walloon Church, in 
Threadneedle Street ; it is a small quarto, intituled — 

" Registre des Mariages celebres et des Enterrements faits en 
l'Eglise Francoise recueillie a Thorp pres de Colchester en Essex." 

The marriages and burials are entered together at one end 
of the book, and the baptisms at the other. The burials end 
in 1718. 

EXTRACTS FROM THE BAPTISMS. 

1685 Alex re s of Mr, Paul Potier, Chirurgeon and Jeane Odinet. 

,, Dan 1 s of Cha s de la porte and Louise Plumail. 

1690 Jaq s s of Jaq s de Mede and Marie Apporceau. 

1700 Jean s of Jean Six and Marie Morillon. 

1705 Sus e Magd : d of Mr. Cha s Fouquet and Sus e Guinebaut. 

EXTRACTS FROM THE BURIALS. 

1688 Mr. Sam 1 Beauchamp cy devant avocat au parlement de Paris, 

age de 78. 
1705 Marie Apporceau, femme de Jaques de Mede. 
1708 M. Charles Fouquet. 

1718 Sus e Grellet, d of Louis Grellet and Anne de Mede. 
1685 " Anjoudhuy 1 Jour de May, 1685 a este enterre le corps de 
deffunt Isaac de Sevre dit la Chaboissiere, decede au Seig- 
neur le 29 d'Avril de cette annee, aage d' environ Soixante 
et treize ans." 
Aujourdhuy, 13 jour de May, 1684, a ete beny le marriage dans 
l'Eglise de Thorp d'entre Charles de la porte, natif de St. Jean le 
Gardomenque, en la Province de Sevenes d'une part, et Louize Plu- 
mail, fille de deffunt Theodore Plumail Weant, Merchand demeurant 
a Niord en Poitou et Louize de la Vaux ses pere et mere d' autre part. 

Severin, Ministre. 



THE FRENCH CHURCH AT BRISTOL. 
This congregation appears to have been formed by Refugees, 



124 



who fled to this country on the revocation of the edict of Nantes. 
Its formation probably took place at the same time that the 
registers commence, viz the 29th May, 1687. The ministers 
appear to have been — ■ 



Mons. Descairac, (died June, 1703) 
Jeremy Tinel, (died 5th July, 1711) 
Mons. De La Roche 
Antoine Nabes 
Francis Groleau 
Jaques du Durand 

Pain 

Rossignol 



1687 

1704 
1706 
1710 
1713 
1726 
1730 



David du Commur 

J. Prelleur, (died 7th February, 1750) . . 1737 

Pierre Gautier, (died 6th May, 1791) .. .. 1761 

David Duval, (query if not from Southampton) . . 1758 

Francis de Soyres (died 15th February, 1807) . . 1791 

David Berguer, (went abroad in 1814) . . . . 1807 

The Registers ultimately came into the possession of Madame 
de Soyres the widow of the minister of that name, who was the 
last member of the congregation, and who deposited them with 
the Registration Commissioners. 

These refugees at first assembled for worship in the Mayor's 
chapel, St. Mark the Gaunt. In 1726 they built a chapel on 
the ground of Queen Elizabeth's hospital for the red maids' 
school, situated in Orchard Street. On the dissolution of the 
congregation in 1814 the chapel was surrendered to the Corpo- 
ration, as trustees of the Red Maids' charity. 

" The French began to arrive in Bristol in 1687, and as they could 
escape from France, being sorely persecuted and forced to attend 
mass, they joined those already settled here, most of them from 
Nantes, Saintonge, Rochelle, Poitou, and Guyenne. Some of the 
very old people alive when I came to Bristol, used to say that the 
chapel was full to excess, the aile filled with benches as well as the 
altar, so there must have been several hundreds. In 1790 when we 



125 

came, the congregation never amounted to more than sixty, and 
mostly of people fond of French, or those wishing to improve." 
(Letter from Mad e de Soyres, 7th March, 1838.) 

The registers are contained in three folio books. No. 1. is 
intituled thus — 

Au Nom de Dieu. 

" Levre pour servir a l'Eglize Francoise de Bristoll quy se Re- 
ceuille a St. Marc auttremeut le Gaunt en la ditte ville, par les 
soings charittables de my lord Jonathan Trelawny Euesque, et de 
Messieurs Le Maire et magistrats de Bristoll, et ou elle a commance 
ses exercises ajourdhuy vingtneufuiesme jour de May, mil six cents 
quatre vingtz Sept., apres midj. Par les prieres communes faittes, 
par Mr. Jeremie Tinel, cj devant ministre de l'Eglise Reformee de 
Villeneufue de puycheyn, en guyeune, et Ensuitte d'un Sarmon pro- 
nonce par Mr. Alexander Descairac, aussj cj devant ministre de 
l'Eglize Reformee de Bergeral, en Laditte province de guyeune, De- 
meurans Jeuix d ministres a presant en cette ditte Ville de Bristoll." 

Tinell, Pasteur — Descairac. 

The first baptism is in August, 1687. 

The names are Latouche, Labe, Blondeau, Bertrand, Des- 
champs, Bureau, Roy, Gaudonet, Lucas, Lamoureux, Casa- 
major, &c. 



PLYMOUTH. 
A settlement of French Protestants was made at Plymouth 
about the end of the lSth century, and in 1701 it was called 
" L'Eglise Francoise Conformiste." In 1705 they received of 
the royal bounty £45. ; being so large a proportion the congre- 
gation must have been either very numerous or very poor. In 
1733 they received from the same source £15. 5s. and the 
register contains the particulars of its distribution. It appears 
by the register that the congregation merged in that at Stone- 
house about the year 1778. The chapel was situate in How 
Street, it has since been enlarged; and is now used as a Baptist 
meeting house, 



126 



The register* is a thin folio, which upon the dissolution of 
the congregation, was, together with that of Stonehouse, de- 
posited by M. Delacombe then an elder of the church at that 
place, at St. George's chapel, Stonehouse. 

The first entry is the appointment of a new churchwarden 
in 1733 Pierre du Bouchet, being minister. The signatures 
to this document after the minister's are — 



James Chaille 
Estienne Cagna 
Francois Jouneau 
Elie Lozeau 
Jean Rinalland 
Jonas Lavigne 
Pet r Horry Jun 1 
Peter Fleurisson 
William Aguzas 
Jean Deuineau 
Elie Lozeau, Jeune 
Charle Lamare 



Zacharie Fresneau 
J. Movmier, Jun 1 ' 
Sam 11 Boutestre 
Peter Delahander 
Henry Chevu 
Peter Perauld 
James Bargeau 
John Veef 
Jos. Bouet 
Michel Fresneau 
George Bacheron 



Then follow baptisms, marriages, burials, and admissions 
to the sacrament, from 1733 to 1807. 

" Jean tils de Capt n Pierre Travers et de Elizabeth son Epouse, 
est nee le 7 me de Novembre, 1736, et a este baptize par Mr. Du Bou- 
chet, ministre, le 1 7 me ditto ; ayant eus pour parrain Mr. Lancelot 
Robinson et pour Marrainne Mad m Susane Cestean. 

Pune du Bouchet, Ministre." 



* This being a congregation conforming to the Liturgy &c, of the Church 
of England, the register is very limited in its contents, and by a communica- 
tion from the Rev. John Hobbardthe present vicar of St Andrew's, Plymouth, 
it appears that a portion of the parish register was set apart for the entry of 
tie baptisms of this congregation. It extends from 1689 to 1741, and records 
the births and baptisms of children, of the names of Chaille, Benoit, Dejoux, 
Benoudd, Fresneau, Massiot, Cesteau, and Horry, thus : 

" James son of James and Anna Chaille was baptized 27, 8 ber, 1689. 

" Elizabeth Anne daughter of Mr. James Dejoux and his wife, was 

born the 17th of 9 ber, 1695, and baptized y c - 1st of 10 ber following. 1 ' 



127 

*' Le 5 e Mars, 173f Capt. Daniell Pailliet a estes enteres en la 
paroise de Charles a Plymouth." 

" Je Soussigne Certifie avoir beni le marriage de Mr. Jean Ren- 
goit et de Rachel Renouf Veuve de Jean Blanche, le l e Juin, 1740, 
dans l'Eglise Francoise de Plymouth. En foy de quoy J'ay dresse ce 
present acte fait au dit Lieu de Plym ce l me Juin, 1740. 

Bordier, Past r< " 

Some of the ministers of this chapel were — 

J. DeJoux .. .. .. 1701 

Pierre de Bouchet .. .. 1733—1737 

Jacob Bordier . . . . . . 1739—1 762 

David Louis Monin .. .. 1763 

Js. Touzeau .. .. .. 1764—1807 

Lyons, Sen r * .. 1706 



STONEHOUSE NEAR PLYMOUTH, DEVON. 

The settlement of the Refugees at Stonehouse, took place 
about 1692. In 1705 they received of the Commissioners for 
distributing the royal bounty £28. 16s. 

Some of the Ministers appear to have been — 

Estienne Molenierf . . . . 1692 

Joseph de Maure .. .. 1720—1740 

Fauriel .. .. .. 1741—1760 

Jean Maillard .. .. 1748 

David Louis Monin . . . . 1762 

Martin Guillaume Bataille . . 1769—1791 

The chapel was situated at the head of Shute Street. It 
was an old building converted into a place of worship, and the 
gift of the Lord of the manor for that purpose. When the 
establishment was broken up, the chapel was taken down, and 
the site built on in improving the town. 

* In 1706 aet 57, with a wife and two children.— -(SIS. at Lambeth, 941 J 
f He was still minister in 1706.— (MS. at Lambeth, 941.,) 



128 

The register is in four volumes. No. 1, a small quarto in 
thin parchment cover, with strings to tie ; commences with a 
baptism on the 12th June 1692, and ends 22nd July 1710. 

10 Oct. 1692. " Suzanne Godineau veiiue decedee, le jour d'hier 
a este ce jour enterree au nouveau Scimetiere donne pour la Sepul- 
ture des Francois Reffugies en ceste ville de Stonehouse." 

23 April, 1700. Marriage of Elie Roy, son of Captain Peter Roy, 
and Jeanne Maria Delacombe daur. of David et Sus h> 

26 Nov. 1701. The Minister Est 6 Molenier marries Judith 
Michennet. 

No. 2, same size without cover, intituled — 

"Liure des Manages et des Baptemes du huitieme Octobre mille 
sept cent vingt, Bon pour les annees mil sept cents vingt et vingt 
et un. 

" Par nous et les anciens. 

"J. De Maure." 

It ends with 9th January 1741, and contains some delibera- 
tion of the Consistory. 

No. 3, a small 8vo. in vellum cover, commencing in 1744. 
At one end it is thus intituled — 

"Registre ou Extraits Batistaires des Enfans par moi Baptises 
a Stonehouse." 

Du 14 Juillet, 1748. "Louis Dufour et Marianne Maillard Je 
Sousigne declare et certirle avoir beni en presence de temoins le ma- 
nage de Mr. L. Louis Dufour Lieutenant de la Compagnie Indepen- 
dante du Capitaine Riberas ; avec Mademoiselle Jeaune Marie Anne 
Maillard dans la Chapelle Francoise de Stonehouse avec la permission 
de Mr. Fauriel Pasteur de la ditte Chapelle ; en vertu de la Liscence 
qui m'a ete remise ce 14 e Juillet, a 9 heures du Matin. 

Jean Maillard 
Pasteur de l'Eglise Francoise de Dartmouth," 

Ends with 1760. At the other end are burials 1743 to 
1758. — No. IV. is a 4to. in stiff paper cover, intituled — 

" Regitre Batistere pour l'usage de ceux que J'ai batise pendant 
mon ministere dans l'Eglise Francoise d'East Stone House, depuis le 



129 

ll e Avril, 1762, que j'y fis mon entree, etant arrive le 8 e au soir pre- 
cedent, Jusqu 

David Louis Monin, Pasteur. 
1769. " Martin Guillaume Bataille, Min r began his duties 12 
Mai, 1769." 

1772. "Le service de notre ancienne Eglise Francoise de Stone- 
house a pris fin le vingt Septembre, 1 772, et j'ai convoque le Seigneur 
pour le nouvelle Eglise le 18th Octobre, 1772, a dewe heures apres 
midi. 

Martin Guillaume Bataille, 

du St. Evangill. 

Last baptism 1791. At the other end are burials 1763 to 
1783. 



EXETER. 

This church was no doubt in existence soon after 1685. In 
1705 it received from the Government grant £22. 10s; in 
1721, £71. 5s. lid.; and in 1728, £43. 17s. 6d. They were 
permitted to use the parish church of St. Olave, which was 
then unoccupied by the parishioners. None of their records 
are now to be found, but the church is incidentally referred to 
in the following instances. 

At the French church at St. Martin Orgars, there was married in 
1698, S r Alexandre Ringli of Exeter to Susanne Raillard. 

Dr. Amory a learned divine, was placed in his youth at Exeter, to 
be instructed in the French language by M. Majendie, a Refugee 
minister in that city, and grandfather to Dr. Majendie, Bp. of Ches- 
ter, who had the honour of being preceptor in the English tongue 
to Her Majesty Queen Charlotte.* 

Isaac Mauduit, a dissenting minister in Bermondsey, was the 
grandson of Isaac Mauduit a merchant at Exeter, and the father 
of Jasper Mauduit, Esq., of Hackney. f 

* Wilson's dissenting churches. 

t The famous " Tom D'urfey " was born here, and his parents fled hither 
from Rochelle, 



130 

In Barretti's Travels is the following account of an esta- 
blishment at Exeter, in which some Frenchmen were engaged. 

"As to the Gobelin tapestry, — the art of making it in perfection 
was introduced into England by a famous Anti Jesuit, the Reverend 
Father Nobert, a French Capuchin Friar, whom Benedict 14th, (a 
kind of Anti Jesuit himself) permitted to go and live in England, on 
condition he should play the missionary there and convert the good 
people to his church. But instead of doing as he was bid and as he 
had promised, the honest fellow took the liberty of secularizing him- 
self, assumed the name of Monsieur Parisot, and turned director of a 
manufactory of that sort of tapestry ; in this undertaking he found 
means of being assisted by a voluntary subscription of the English 
nobility and gentry, which amounted to more than ten thousand 
pounds — as I was told at that time. That subscription he, Mon- 
sieur, pocketed soon after his arrival in London. I went several 
times from London to Fulham to see his looms, which would have 
procured him a pretty livelihood if he had been a man of some econ- 
omy ; but he lived at such a rate, and was possessed of so many 
virtues, especially of those two cardinal ones vulgarly called lust and 
vanity ; that he contracted many debts in a little time, turned bank- 
rupt, and ran away. The looms and other manufacturing implements 
which he could not carry off, were sold by auction ; Mr. Passavan 
bought them for little more than nothing, with them he set up a 
diminutive manufactory at Exeter, after having taken into his service 
a few deserters from the Gobelins of Paris, who were enticed away 
by the Friar's magnificent promises ; these workmen in consequence 
of those promises came over to England, fairly venturing a halter if 
they had been caught in the act of deserting. But the Friar was far 
from keeping his word with them ; as soon as he had a sufficient 
number of them in his power, the salaries then appointed them (and 
they were forced to accept) were but scanty. On his running away 
from England, the poor fellows found themselves in a very bad plight; 
they knew no other trade but that of tapestry making, were igno- 
rant of the language, and could not go to France, where they would be 
hanged for desertion. Mr. Passavan picked out of the streets of 
London those few whom hunger and wretchedness had not time to 
kill, and got them to Exeter, where he makes a penny out of their 
labour. 



131 

" One part of this story I knew some years ago, the other I had 
from those few Frenchmen at Exeter, and I fancy you will not be dis- 
pleased with this anecdote of a man so much talked of in Italy for 
his virulent writings against the Jesuits, whose books were for a time 
in everybody's hands, and whose character proved at last no better 
than those of the worst part amongst those whom he censured." 
(Barettis Travels, vol, J, p. 13.) 



DARTMOUTH. 

In 1705, the French congregation at this place received 
£15. of the royal bounty— in 1721 £47. 10s. 7d. and in 1728 
£29. 5s. They were existing so late as 1748, for it appears 
in that year their minister ec Jean Maillard " performed the 
marriage service in the French chapel at Stonehouse. (Vide 
Stonehouse Register.) They were also established as early as 
1692, for in that year Etienne Giraud and Jean Foucard were 
married at La Patente en Soho, their banns having been pub- 
lished " dans l'Eglise de nos Freres de Dartmouth" 

Their minister in 1706, was M. Forestier. 



BARNSTAPLE. 

In 1705, the French congregation at this place received 
£13. 10s. of the royal bounty— in 1721 £42. 15s. 6d. and in 
1728 £26. 6s. 6d. Their minister in 1710 was the Rev. Louis 
Villette, who in that year married Anne Morin at La Savoye. 
In 1706 M. Coutre was minister there. 

From the small amount of the sum sent from the Queen's 
bounty, it is supposed that this was a very small congregation. 
They used to meet for public worship in the high school, which 
it is supposed was not in any manner altered in its arrange- 
ments, but was used during the week as a grammar school. 

In 1703 Jacques Bernardeux of Barnstaple, married Eliz th 
Joly at the French Church in Crispin Street. 



132 

The families of Servantes,* Latour, Bird, (originally Oiseau,) 
Roue, and Roche, composed the principal part of the congre- 
gation. 



BIDEFORD, DEVON. 

Upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, — 

" A considerable number of the Refugees, with some of their 
ministers, came to Bideford, and being mostly manufacturers and 
mercantile persons, they established several branches of trade there, 
and considerably enlarged the circle of its commerce. Some of 
them carried on the silk and cotton manufactories ; but it is deser- 
ving of note that the former branch of trade was known in Bideford 
many years before, for one Mr. Thomas Smith was a very consider- 
able silk weaver there, about the year 1650." (Wat kins, Bideford, 
Svo. 1792J 

In 1721, the congregation at this place received from the 
royal bounty £28. 10s. 4d. and in 1728, £17. lis. 

Their minister in 1706 was M. Romans, who was then 57 
years of age, with a wife and three children.! The last minis- 
ter is said to have been a M. Duncan, and the congregation is 
said to have been dissolved about 1760. An old woman named 
Bird, was some years since living at this place; she spoke 
French fluently, and was no doubt a descendant of the Oiseauxs 
of this congregation*. 

* Two Ladies of this family now reside at Exeter, the one is upwards of 
ninety and the other upwards of eighty. Many of the French refugees and their 
descendants have lived to a great age in this country. Monnier Roche used 
to say "my grandfather was drowned when he was a hundred and eleven, and 
if he had not been drowned he might have been alive now. 

t " 1706. List for the distribution of Her Majesty's Bounty, for the relief 
and support of such poor distressed French ministers as are now residing 
within this kingdom of England. £3000." M. S. in the Abp's Library at 
Lambeth, 941, 64. 

% In 1698, Sir Henry Servant of Bideford and Eliz. De Bary were married 
at Hungerford chapel, 



133 

In the Life, Journals and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, 
Esq., by the Rev. J. Smith (2 vols, 1840,) is a letter from 
Mr. Balthazar St. Michel, the brother in law of Pepys, giving 
an interesting account of the troubles and wanderings of his 
father M. St. Michel ; he says, 

" He for some time, upon that little he had, settled himself in 
Devonshire, at a place called Bideford, where and thereabouts my 
sister (Mrs. Pepys,) and we all were born." 



134 



CHAPTER VII. 

THE FRENCH CHURCHES ESTABLISHED IN LONDON AFTER THE 
REVOCATION. THE FRENCH HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL. 



LEICESTER FIELDS CHAPEL. 

On the 4th of September, 4th Jac. II. (1689) letters patent 
under the great seal, were granted on the petition of Benj n De 
Daillon, John Louis Malide, Sam 1 Mettayer, Simon Canole, 
Henry Gervais, Timothy Baignoux, Cha s Peter Souchet, W m 
Bardon, John Forent, and Barth y Balaguier; whereby they, as 
ministers of the French congregation of Protestant strangers, 
and their successors, were declared to be one body, politic and 
corporate of themselves in deed and in name, by the name of 
The French ministers of the French congregation of Protes- 
tant Strangers in or about the city of London or suburbs 
thereof of the foundation of King James the second ; with 
perpetual succession and liberty to exercise the functions of the 
ministry according to their manner accustomed, with power to 
purchase land, to build churches, and in case of death or re- 
moval of any of the ministers, to choose other persons to suc- 
ceed in the office of ministers.* 

One of the chapels erected by virtue of those letters patent, 
was Leicester Fields chapel. It was situated in Leicester 
Fields, and is now called Orange Street chapel, and is used at 
present by a congregation of Protestant Dissenters. 

* The seal of this corporation was with the deeds and papers at the chapel, 
called La Patente, (vide post,) but is not now found. From an indistinct 
impression on a wafer it appears to have had a tree in the centre of the Seal. 



135 

It appears that the congregation first met in a chapel in 
Glass-house Street, and then removed to this building. There 
are four volumes of registers. 

No. 1, Glass-house Street . . 1688—1699 vide page 138. 

2, Leicester Fields . . 1699—1715 

3, Ditto .. .. 1714—1725 

4, Ditto .. .. 1725—1742 

5, Ditto .. ..1742 

The congregation united, probably about the year 1776, with 
that at La Patente, which latter congregation afterwards united 
with Les Grecs. 

The register No. 2, is a folio volume, (with a good index,) 
intituled — 

"Le 24 May 1699, commanse se present Liure de Baptistoire et 
Re Conoisance. qui se fons a l'Eglise Francoize qui sasable a Lester- 
fild — a Londre." 

On the 16th January 1704, M. Saurin baptized Henry son 
of Henry Barbottin, a master tailor in St. Martin's Lane.* 

There are also many marriages, and at the other end of the 
book are banns. 

No. 3, is a folio volume, with an index, containing baptisms, 
marriages, and abjurations, from 23 September, 1714, to 28 
December, 1725. 

No. 4, is a continuation of the Milk Alley register, and is 
intituled — 

" Suites du Regitre de l'Eglise de Leicester Fields, pour les 
Batemes, manages, &c, commencant a L'annee 1725." 

It commences with the 30th March, 1725, and ends 1st 
September, 1742. 

No. 5, is a folio volume, with a good index, intituled, — 

" Recistre De Batesmes et marriages De l'Eglise de Lecester Fields 
a Londres, — commence Le 12 Auril, 1742. 

* Rene Barbottin was tutor to the children of George I., and left property 
long- unclaimed. 



136 



EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTERS. 

Baptesme le Lundy, 25 e Mars, 1706, a ete baptize par Mr. Cyprien 
Appia Minister, l'enfant de David Assire, taillour de sa profession 
demeurant en Little Newport Street, paroisse de St. Anne, a este 
presente par Mr. Abraham Assire et Mariane Sel, qui l'ont nomme 
Abraham ; L'enfant est ne le Mardy 19 e du Courant ; Cyprien Appia, 
Ministre Vaudois ; Abraham Assire ; Marie Anne Sel ; David 
Assire, Pere. 

MARRIAGES. 

1699 Nicolas Aubin and Ester Giraud. 
1714 Daniel Audibert and Marie Flandreau. 

1 702 Pierre Benoist and Anne Le Grand. 

J 721 Gedeon Ardin Beaufort and Jean Gallois. 
„ Rev. Jean Blane and Marie Fulgout. 

1 703 Claude Desblez and Anne Gallier. 

1714 Louis Du Crocq and CharP Sus e Du Bour. 

1717 Abel Dufour and Marie Julien. 

1723 Josue Ferrand and Sus e Biroleau. 

1705 Isaac La Touch and Marie Richard. 

1708 Isaac Lestourgeon and Marie Magd. Michel. 

1709 Nicolas Le Febure and Ann Cath. Drouet. 
1712 Quinquarley Jean and Elez. Aubelot. 

1704 Rev. Pierre Rival and Jeane Cassenave Castres. 

The following ministers officiated here — 

Saurin . . . . . . 1 704 



Pierre Rival* .. .. —1712 

* Leisterfields offre au Ciel une riche Hecatombe, 
II exauce aujourdhui tes vceux : 
11 te delivre enfin de ton Cheval Fougueux 
Et te donne en sa place une Sainte Colombe. 
Cette fameuse Epigramme est raportee par Mr. Rival dans son gros Livre, 
page 400, et elle fut faite lors qu'il quitta TEglise de Leisterfields et que Mr. 
De St. Colombe, ministre d'une moderation exemplaire, prit sa place. 

At the election for Westminster in 1710, M. Rival published " Un Avis aux 
Refugiez," to induce them to vote for a particular candidate. This gave rise 
to a paper war between M. Rival and the consistory of La Savoie, which was 
continued for many years afterwards, and occasioned the " Defense du Con- 



13/ 

— St. Colombe 

— — D'Argenteuil .. 1716 

( Sacquin* .. .. 1716) 

( Dauberochef .. .. 1716) 

Claude Scoffier . . 

• De la Mothe 

Jacob Bourdillon .. .. 1737 

Jean Pierre StehelinJ . . 1739 

Jaques Francis Barnouin . . . . 1741 



SPRING GARDEN CHAPEL, OR THE LITTLE SAVOY. 

This chapel was situate near the passage leading into the 
Park from Cockspur StreetJI and was burnt down in Decem- 
ber, 1716, together with four houses adjoining; but as the 
congregation at La Savoy removed to this place, it is presumed 
that the chapel was rebuilt and continued for some years as a 
French Church, and that it was previously used as a Chapel 
of Ease to La Savoy. 

The ministers were — 

Francois Flahault . . .. 1722 

sistoire de l'Eglise Francoise de la Savoie contre les outrages sanglans de M. 
Pierre Rival," 4° 1719. The Irish Missionary unmasked 1724. — Vertot's dis- 
sertation on the Salic law, examined 1722; were, it is believed, from M. Rival's 
pen. 

* Afterwards went to Guernsey. 

f Officiated in most of the French churches until he made himself unworthy 
by his vicious life. 

J J. P. Stehelin, F. R. S. He was remarkable for having made himself mas- 
ter of the following languages— Hebrew, Greek, Latin, English, French, Ger- 
man, Italian, Danish, Dutch, Coptick, Armenian, Syriak, Arabic, Chaldean, 
Gothic, old Tudesco or Druid, Anglo Saxon, besides Spanish, Portuguese and 
Welch." — London Magazine. 

\\ A petition (without date) to the Treasury, praying for a renewed lease, 
recites that some time in the reign of Car. II. the petitioners' ancestors obtained 
a grant of land in Spring Gardens and erected a chapel at an expence of £2000. 



138 

— De La Pierre .. 1704 

— Beaufort .. .. ..1741 

Paul Convenant . . . . 1 743 

Isaac Lesturgeon . . . . 1744 — 1755 

Francois Beaupin .. .. 1740 (Lecteur.) 

For an account of the registers of baptisms and marriages 

at this chapel, see under the head of La Savoy. 



GLASS HOUSE STREET CHAPEL. 

This chapel was in Glass House Street, Golden Square ;*■ 
it was probably a temporary chapel, used previously to the 
erection of Leicester Fields Chapel, for the register (which 
commences in 1688) ends in 1699, where the first register of 
Leicester Fields Chapel commences, and the late M. Chirol 
has indorsed on it that it is also a register for Leicester Fields. 

The register is intituled — 

"1688, Register de baptismes, manages, et recognoissances de 
L'Eglise Francois de Glas House Street." 

The ministers officiating appear to be — 

Bernard . . . . . . 1689 

Coutet . . . . . . „ 

Cesar Pegorier . . . . . . „ 

J. Lions .. .. .. . 1692 

Chaumier .. .. ..1693 

— — Vercher . . " . . . . ,, 

Rival . . . . . . . . ,, 

D'Argenteuille .. .. 1699 

* " This was an ancient place of worship, and has long since ceased to exist, 
the memory of it is only known to a few persons, so that little information res- 
pecting its history can be expected. The following hints have been collected 
at different times and from various sources, and are digested in order so far as 
the same can be ascertained. The first mention that we find made of the place 
is in 1710, when it was occupied by a society of Scotch Presbyterians under 
the care of Dr. James Anderson." — (Wilson's Dissenting Churches. J The 
author of that work therefore was ignorant of its having been used by the 
French. 



139 



EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

May "i "Le Dimanche treizieme May Mil six cents quatre vingt et 
Recog ce J huit Elizabet Cautin de St. Martin de Retz, Susanne Cel- 
lier et Marie Cellier sa Souer de la Rochelle ont fait recognoissance 
publique au presche du Matin, L'une pour avoir este au Sermon feig- 
nant d'estre de l'Eglise Romaine, les autres deux po r avoir signe Le 
Abjuration. Mons r Contet les a receues." 

MARRIAGES. 

1689 Jacob Bailliou and Jeane Housdit. 

1691 Pierre Bromel and Ann Bequet. 

1694 Jaques Barbe and Mad e Cayran. 

1689 Augustin Courtauld and Ester Polkier. 

1690 Barnard Chabot and Anne Ouradour. 

1695 Jean Collet and Marie Taubin. 

1692 Mat" Hervieux and Marthe Breuer. 

„ Philipe Magni and Marg te Dessessas. 

1693 Pierre Nouaille and Sus e Jolly s. 

The register of Glass House Street Chapel, the four regis- 
ters of Leicester Fields Chapel, the two registers of Rider's 
Court Chapel, that of Swallow Street Chapel, that of La Cha- 
renton, that of Le Tabernacle, of Berwick Street, of Castle 
Street, of Hungerford, of the Chapel Royal, and two registers 
of Le Quarre, (in all sixteen registers) were sent to the Non- 
Parochial Registration Office, by the Rev. John Lewis Chi- 
rol, the late minister of Le Quarre. The first fourteen books 
had been at various times deposited there, as the congrega- 
tions were dissolved, or aggregated to the Church of Le Quarre, 



SWALLOW STREET CHAPEL. 
The French Chapel in Swallow Street, leading out of Pic- 
cadilly, was erected for the use of the French Protestants of the 
Episcopalian persuasion about 1692, a lease of the ground 



140 

being granted by Government for thirty -five years.* About the 
end of 1709 the church was so much decreased by deaths and 
removals, that the remaining proprietors sold the lease in 1710 
to Dr. James Anderson, who with his congregation thereupon 
removed from their Chapel in Glass House Street. 

It was sometimes called the chapel of Piccadilly. 

The register is a small folio, commencing with 1690 and 
ending in 1709. It is intituled — 

"Registre des baptesmes, manages, conversions, et reconnois- 
sances." 

The following ministers' names appear in it — 

Rocheblave, Jean Desaguilliers, M.A., 1692,* Lombard, Graverol, 
Doulez, Jonneau, Reussillon, Asselin, Desicqueville, De La mothe. 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

" Le Dimanche 22 May, audit an 1692, a este baptisee par Mon- 
sieur Grave Tun des ministres de cette Eglise, Charlote nee Affe de 
Bude, ayant pour Marraine Madame Ducbesse de Leinster, laq le a 
dit ladite fille estre nee de pere et mere Mahometan et agee d'en- 
viron douse ans et demy. — (Caroline Ducbesse de Leinster nee Com- 
tesse Rangraffe Palatine.") 

" Le Mercredy 19 jour de Decembre, audit an 1693, a este bap- 
tise par Monsieur de la Mothe l'un des pasteurs de cette Eglise 
Guillaume Rabault fils de Messire Jean Rabault, Chevalier Seigneur 
de la Coudrier, et de Dame Chenee Marguerite (nee Jodouen) son 
Epouse, ayant par Parrains Tres bant et tres Puissant Seigneur Guil- 
laume Roy d'Angleterre, descosse de France et d' Ireland, par my 
Lord Silskirque l'un des Gentilshommes ordinaires de la Chambre de 
sa Majeste et my Lord Jacques due d'Ormond, et pour Marraine 

* It appears that the congregation "were forced to build this new chapel 
near St. James's Church by Pickadely in lieu of the French Ambassador's 
Chapel which they had got, after he was gone, and it was taken from them by 
my Lord Cornwallis, who bought the house, and they were forced to transport 
all their pews from Monmouth House in Soho Square." — (MS. Bibl. Lambeth, 
933— 65J 

-f Chaplain to the Earl of Carnarvon — published a sermon, 8vo., 1717. 



141 

Dame Caroline Elizabeth Rangrave Palatine Duchesse de Shomberg. 
Le pasteur et le Pere Soussignes ont dit l'enfant estre ne l'onzieme 
jour d'Octobre dernier. 

Jean Rabault de la Courdriere Bouchetiere." 
C. G. Delamothe, Ministre. 

marriages. 

1705 Pierre Arbouin and Anne Sarazin. 
1703 Ab m Blanchard and Cath e Aveline. 

1706 Louis Brulefer and Judith Marie Rousseau. 

1 705 Rev. Isaac Coulliette and Louise de Touzay. 

1696 Le Noble de St. Tour, Esq., Sr. de la Coste and Marie 
Crepin. 
H y David de la Croix, Esq. and Mad e Le Coq. 

1706 Pierre de la Roque, Esq. and Marg te Cottiby. 
1691 Lieut 1 Claude Mercier and Marthe Bertheau. 
1695 David Pouget and Fra s Le Maistre. 

1706 S r Antoine Planck and Marie Du Barry. 

„ Mr. Guill e Prevost and Anne Angibaud. 

„ GuilP Pry or (of Winchester) and Mrs. Eliz th de Haupais. 

1702 Mr. Claude Royer and Sus e Lovel. 

1 703 Rev d Jaq s Saurin and Cath e Boitout. 
1709 Rev d Claude Scoffier and Eliz th Heat. 



THE CHAPEL CALLED BERWICK STREET CHAPEL. 

There does not clearly appear to have been more than one 
French Chapel in this Street, and this would seem to have 
been used from 1689 to 1694* by the congregation called La 
Patente or Le Temple, and when they left it, or some few years 
afterwards, another French congregation took it. 

* By a "memorial of the ministers of the four united churches," dated 18th 
Dec, 1694 ; they are stated to be — 

1. The church in Buckingham House in the city, established by Dr. Allix. 

2. Hungerford Market. 

3. Swallow St., Piccadilly. 

4. Berwick Street, Old Soho.— {MS. Biblioth, Lambeth, 933— Qb.) 



142 

The register is a small quarto containing baptisms, abjura- 
tions, &c, from 26th Nov., 1720 to 1788. 

EXTRACTS. 

(The bapt 5111 of Abraham, fils de M. Pierre Mazeres, 14th Aug. 

1743, and of Michael Pierre, son of Mr. Peter Romilly, 16th Aug.. 

1744, and of several of the name of Gossett, Romilly, &c, &c.) 

MARRIAGES. 

1728 GuhT Alland and Dursibelle Woodstock. 

1730 Mr. Geo. Cautier and MadeP de la Caux. 

„ H y de Saunnieres and Sus e Trevigar. 

1728 Mr. Pierre Deschamps and Eliz. Hanet. 

1738 Capt n Ja s Forrester and Joyce Oughton. 

1739 Mr. Noe Farre and Judith Viguera. 
1737 Isaac Gosset and Franc 6 Buisset. 



LA CHARENTON IN NEWPORT MARKET. 
This chapel was situate in or near Grafton Street, Newport 
Market.* It appears to have been used by the same congre- 
gation which afterwards met at West Street ; the register of 
which chapel seems a continuation of this. (See West Street J 
The ministers were — 

LaPrade .. .. .. 1701 



Henry Doubigny 
The register is a folio volume, comprising entries from 1701 
to 1705, and is intituled — 

" Registre des manages et baptesmes faicts en l'Eglise Francois 
aspelle Le Petit Charanton qui s'assemble ordinairement dans Neeu- 
port Market parroise St. Anne, in Soho. 1701." 

* "In a MS. list of Dissenting Chapels in London in the year 1731, there is 
one mentioned as meeting in Newport Market ; it was of the particular Baptist 
denomination, and the meeting house we understand was actually in the Mar- 
ket Place." — (Wilson.) This had no doubt been the chapel called La Cha- 
renton. 



143 

L'ed Jo r Dimenche, 27 apres les trois publications precedentes se 
sont pntez en de l'Eglise Led' Phillippe Condre, et La d' 

Olimpe Cousin po 1 ' obtener le benediction de leur mariage, ce qui a 
este faict par M. Louis de Leseur de la Prade priant Dieu de respan- 
dre ses S es benedictions sur eux les faisant vivre longuement sainte- 
ment en bonne union et concorde. Ce qu'ils ont promis et ratiffie 
par leurs seigns preseur des temoins soubs nez faict coe dessus. 



La Prade, Ministre 
Phillippe Coudret 
Olimpe Cousin 
Isaac Vergnion 



Jacque Poiteuin 
Guill. Andrieu 
Jean Buffart 

Antient et Secrettr. 



At the other end of the register are the " Actes du Consis- 
toire/' from which is the following — 

" Nostre ayde soit au nom de Dieu qui a faict Le Ciel et la Terre 
ainsy soit II." 

"Le 13 Avril, 1701, Jour de Dimenche Louuerhire de Lad e Eglise 
a este faict par Mons r Henry Daubigny, ministre de La d e Eglise et 
par Mons r Parivisol, aspirant au St. ministere 13 Avril, 1701, Dieu 
veuille benir l'Eglise et en banner toute divisions et discordes." 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

1702 Louis Bouche and Marie Constant. 

1701 Jean Dupre and Cath e Martinet. 
1704 Josue Desmortier and Eliz. Monbreuil. 

,, Barthelmy Morin and Louise Malard. 

1703 Emanuel Pierresene and Cath e Girod. 

1702 Phillip Sorret and Eliz. Geatpour. 

1704 Paul Veugny and Marie Charadan. 



WEST STREET CHAPEL, ST. GILES'S. 
Called La Pyr amide or La Tremblade. 

This Chapel was situated in West Street, Seven Dials, and 
(it is believed) on the site of " the Episcopal Free Chapel for 
the performance of divine service in the Irish language/' now 
in that Street. 



144 

The formation of this congregation and the several places of 
their worship may be gathered from the following paragraph 
of a letter addressed to the Bishop of London, and copied into 
the Crispin Street register. 

" L'Eglise de West St. n'est pas nouvelle quoy qu'elle s'asemble 
dans un nouveau lieu. Elle a este etablie premierement a Weld 
House II y a plus de dix ans avec le permission expresse de milord 
Evesque, depuis la ditte Eglise se trouvant expose aux insultes des 
papistes, les ministres quy la serirent, entre lesquels etoit le dit 
Daniel Chais la Place demanderent et obtinrent la permission de mi- 
lord Evesque, de la transporter sur le Marche de Nieuport ou ayant 
aussi rencontre diverses incommodites, pour le peuple et pour les min- 
istres, lis addresserent pour la troisieme fois a milord Evesque et 
obtinrent de sa grandeur la permission de la transferer ou elle est 
maintenant." 

The register of this church (with that of La Charenton) was 
for many years deposited with the congregation of Les Grecs. 
It is a small quarto ; at one end are baptisms from 20 Sep- 
tember 1706 to 15 April 1742, and at the other end marria- 
ges from 2 November 1706 to 24 July, 1741. 

This church was for certain purposes united with the Con- 
sistories of Crispin Street and Perle Street. 

The following ministers officiated here — 

Roques,* La Place, A. P. Fleury, J„ Yver, Gedeon Delamotte, J. 
Cesvet 1740, Michel Colombe 1718,f Renou (1716,)} Duval (1710.)|| 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

1723 Jean Blois and Eliz th Patmore. 

1740 Rev d Paul Convenant and Judith Ann Delameer. 



* Roques — a good preacher, afterwards rector of a parish in Jersey. 

f M. Colomhe left this congregation for La Patente 19 January, 1718. 

J Was reader and preacher at the Hungerford Market Chapel, then elected 
to West Street, and afterwards a minister to a French congregation in Ireland. 
— (Dubourdieu's Ansr. Svo. 17 18 J 

|| Was at his death one of the ministers of this chapel, and much beloved 
and respected by his congregation. — (Dubourdieu.) 



145 



1726 Pierre Duval and Marie Caussat. 

1718 Jean Juilliott and Marie Malbois. 

1710 Louis Labbat and Magd. de L'Ecluse. 

1718 Rev d Jean Le Gros and Eleanor de Tarret et de Loubin. 

1731 Louis Nich s Masquerir and Madel. Bouchet. 

1739 Anthoine Mac Cullock and Sus e Barbut. 

1711 Rev d Jean Baptiste Joseph Vincent Sebanie and Charlotte 

Goure. 



THE CHAPEL CALLED LE QUARRE, IN LITTLE DEAN 
STREET, WESTMINSTER.* 

This chapel is now situated in Little Dean Street, in the 
parish of St. Anne. Amongst the papers belonging to this 
church is a copy, in black letter, of the letters patent granted to 
the French Protestants on the 4th September 1689, (4th Jac. 
II.) The chapel which was formerly called Le Quarre was 
that in Berwick Street. The lease of the chapel in Little 
Dean Street was obtained by the late Rev. Mr. Chirol, for a 
term of twenty-two years, and he named it Le Quarre. The 
service performed here is that of the English Church, trans- 
lated into French. The trustees are Alexander Rivaz, Esq., 
of Lloyds, and the Rev. Mr. Cape of Croydon, and the in- 
come from the property belonging to the congregation is said 
to be above £200. per annum. 



THE MINISTERS. 



Le Grand 

Jousneau 

Rocheblave 

Desgaleniers . . 

Siqueville 

Jean Lombard 
— — Fourne 



1690 
1692 

1697 

1698 



Roussillon 

Doulles 

De Tacher 

Graverol 

Coderc 

Jean Louis Chirol 
E. Huelin 



1698 

»> 
1703 
1704 
1771 



* Query if not sometimes called " L'Ancienne Patente. 11 



146 

The registers of the Quarre are two in number. The first 
is a small quarto, intituled — 

" Pour les manages qui se celebrent en Sohon Square." 
It extends from 19 March 1690-1 to 1718, but from the 
figure " No. 2," on the first page, it would seem there had 
been an earlier register. The other end of the book is a 

" Registre pour les battemes qui se font dans la chappelle qui le 
Roy a accordee aux Francois Protestans refugiez en Sohon Square, a, 
Londres." 

The baptisms extend from 8 January 1691 to 11 May 1718, 
The second register is also a small quarto, intituled " Ber- 
wick Street, Soho." It contains marriages from 1714 to 1753, 
and at the other end of the book, baptisms from 1714 to 1741. 

EXTRACTS. 

1752 Richard Hatch and Phillis Hawse. 
John Seymour and Jane Howarth. 

1701 David Tru and Sus e Jonte, (among the Baptisms.) 

The baptisms of Jean, Esther, and Marg te children of Mr. Michel 
Brunet de Passy de la Rochelle and Magd. Aymee David sa femme. 
(1696, 7, 8.) 

MARRIAGES. 

1692 S r Gabriel Aubar and Anne Piette. 

1691 Rev. Marc Barbat and Jeane De Valade. 

1698 Jean de la Bourde and Jeane Le Conte. 

1702 Benjamin de Marchais and Henriette de la Grange. 
1717 Rev. Pierre de Claris and Florian Marie Coyer. 
1716 Le S r Fran 5 Fleurian and Anne le Blanc. 

1697 S r Charles Le Blane and Sus e Torsse. 
1691 Rev. Hy. Pujolas and Anne Richer. 
1719 Jaques Triquet and Francoise Darby. 

" Aujourdhuy, 9 d'Octobre 1715, a ete baptizee par Mr. Lombard 
une fille nee en Afrique, Esclave dans la Jamaique, elevee presque 
sans aucun sentiment de religion jusq'ua Page de vingt cinq ans ou 
environ — mais le providence de Dieu 1' ay ant fait tomber entre les 
mains de Mr. et de M 1Ie Redonnel, Protestans Francois Refugiez cy 
devant dans la Jamaique et presentement a Londres, ils ont eu tant 



147 

de soin de l'instruire dans la religion Cliretienne que'lle a voulu en 
faire profession et en prendre les saintes livries dans le Bateme, 
auquel elle a ete presentee par Mr. Redonnel qui luy a servi de par- 
rain et par M lles Redonnel et Peschaire qui ont ete ses maraines et 
qui luy ont donne le nom de Susanne. 

"Jean Lombard, Ministre." 



THE CHAPEL DU TABERNACLE. 

There is a register of baptisms, marriages, and abjurations 
solemnized at this chapel, in one volume, from 1696 to 1710. 
It is intituled — 

" Registre de l'Eglise des Tabernacles/' 

The following is from it : — 

" Aujourdhuy, Lundy trois jour de Januier, 17 Of, M. Pegorier, 
ministre de cette Eglize a beny le mariage de Mons. Daniel Pettrau, 
marchant et l'honneste fille Damoiselle Marie Anne de Beschefer fille 
de noble homme Jaques Beschefer et de Dame Louise Villain ses 
pere et mere tous inembres de cette Eglize demeurants en cette ville." 
J. Beschefer. Daniel Pelletreau. 

C. Pegorier. Mariane Bechefer. 

The ministers in 1696, were Daniel Chaumier, J. Lions, 
and Joseph De la Motte. In 1699, C. d'Argenteuille, Pierre 
Rival, and C. Pegorier. 

There is also another register intituled — 

" Registre de l'Eglise Francoise dite Le Tabernacle en Milck A...." 

It commences with the 26th November 1710, and ends 13th 
August 1719, after which the book has been used for the 
chapel of Leicester Fields. 



THE CHAPEL DE HUNGERFORD, IN HUNGERFORD 
MARKET. 

This chapel was in the old Hungerford Market, and was 



148 

pulled down in 1832 to make room for the new market there. 
An engraving of the market house, and of the large room, 
which was used as a school room, and as the French chapel, is 
to be found in the Gentleman's Magazine, for September, 1832. 

It appears by the register that the congregation removed 
about the year 1717, to the chapel in Castle Street, as the 
baptisms, &c, are from that date stated to be performed there. 

Some of the ministers at this chapel were, Mons r De Galli- 
niere, 1689, Rondolet, 1688, Jouneau, 1693, Renaudot, De 
Rocheblave, 1692, De Tascher, 1715-1727, Renou, (1706,)* 
&c, &c. 

The register is a small quarto, ending 13th June, 1727, in- 
tituled — 

" Livre des baptemes et des manages de 1'Eglise de Hungerford, 
commence L'an, 1688." 

EXTRACTS. 

1688 Isaac Allar and Eliz. Vivier. 

1695 Daniel Addee, Esq., and Louise de la Ferriere. 

1699 Rev. Jean Jaq s Aubre and Gabrielle Roux. 

1690 Louis Billouard, M. D., and Eliz. Clement. 

1699 S r Pierre Boyer and Sus e Fromau. 

1711 S r Cha s Billy (Bristol,) and Eliz. Triquet. 
1699 S r Dan 1 Collet and Sus e Baulier. 

S r Jean Chapoul Le Sage and Anne Amyan. 

1 709 Dan' Chardovoyne (Plymouth,) and Marie Aubert. 

1718 Rev. Is c Caulliette and Marie Enuast. 

1703 M r Antoine Hullin D'orval and Sus e Gonyquet. 

1712 Pierre Anth. Dolon, Esq., and Rachel Casamayor. 
1718 Isaac De Fourre, Esq., and Marg te D'allein. 
1694 Sam 1 Esteve, M. D. and Marie Jacquin. 

1712 Nath 1 Lister and Eliz . Wyatt . 

1717 Paul Sam 1 Lespinasse and Marie Georgette. 

1707 Pierre Marcham and Marie Archambaut. 

1699 S r Daniel Papon and Dame Pauline Brozet. 

See Tit. West Street. 



149 

1700 S r Jacques Richard and Rachel Vergnon. 
1704 Sir Cha s Saunders and Marie Jeane Augibaud. 
1717 \ Capt n GuilP Stemming and Eliz. David. 



LE TEMPLE DE SOHO, OU LA PATENTE, 

(Formerly in Berwick Street, afterwards in Little Chapel Street, 

Wardour Street.) 

The chapel in Berwick Street was situate on the west side 
of the street, (nearly opposite Frying Pan Alley.) The con- 
gregation appears to have assembled here about 1689, under 
the protection of the letters patent of 4th September, 1689, 
referred to at page 134 ; but removed in 1694 to a new chapel 
in Old Soho.f It was built with the sum of £300., given by 
Lady Hollis, as mentioned in the account given of La Patente 
in Spital Fields, and was united about 1770 to Les Grecs. 
Stephen Bourget by his Will in 1788, gives as follows : 

" To the poor of the French church, lately known by the name of 
the Patente, now joined with the church called the Greeks, twenty 
pounds of aforesaid stock." 

The register is a narrow folio, from 18th August, 1689, to 
3rd April, 1782, and is intituled— 

" Registre Contenant les baptemes and manages qui seront ci 
apres benits dans le Teple de Soho, ou se recueille l'Eglise des Protes- 
tans Francois Refugiez, en vertu des lettres patentes du Roy du 4 
Septembre, 1689. 

After a baptism in October, 1694, is — 

"Dernier bapteme administre au Temple de Soho in Barwick 
Street." 



* The Consistory of this church was connected with that of La Patente, and 
with that of a chapel in Spital Fields. 

f The lease was granted to Samuel Mettayer, for the use of the Consistory. 



150 

And then follows — 

" Premier baptesme administre dans le Temple nouvellement Basty 
en cette ville de Londres au quartier d' Old Soho, pour les protestans 
Francois Refugiez." 

The ministers here were — 

Forent 1689, J. Louis Malide 1689, Benjamin de Daillon 1689, 
J. Bardon 1689, Samuel Mettayer 1689, Souchet 1690, B. Balaguier 
1690, Dousles 1691, Carre 1691, Elizee Giraud 1692, J. Farcy, 
Blanc, Baignoux 1694, Duval, Cartau, Jacob Gilles 1704, Baron, 
Jean Delpeche* 1711, P. Barbauld, 1720, Ph de Laizement 1720, 
J. D'agneaux 1721, C. Barbe 1728, J. Pierre Stehelin 1730-1749, 
Jacob Bourdillon 1737-1769, Jaques Francois Barnouin,f J. G. 
Mieg, Boullier 1764, Patron 1764, De la Soussaye 1766, Brilly 

* Married Maria Blayneau. 1719. By a letter addressed to the Amsterdam 
Church, and copied into the actes of the consistory, it appears that Mr. Del- 
peche one of the ministers (subsequently appointed to the Patente,) attempted, 
with the assistance of some of the elders of the Soho Patente, to turn out 
M. Baignoux and Forent, and charged the former (who was one of the com- 
missioners for the distribution of the royal bounty,) with the subtraction of 
£600. or £700. of this fund. M. Baignoux cited them in the Court of the 
Bishop of London, and obtained in 1713 a sentence of excommunication against 
St. Amour Bihoreau, one of the elders, who was the propagator of the calumny, 
upon which he " chanta la Palinodie et demanda pardon" of M. Baignoux in 
the vestry room of La Savoye; the other elder Jortin, died before the sentence 
was pronounced. M. Baignoux afterwards left the Patente in Soho, and be- 
came minister of the Patente in Spital Fields, where he was honorary minister 
in 1719 at the age of eighty-six. Delpeche and Favre, the ministers of the 
Soho Patente, continued their hostility to Mr. Forent, and deposed and excom- 
municated him without the intervention of the other consistories, as it ought to 
have been done. The consistory of Spital Fields with other ministers, reversed 
their deposition, and M. Forent applied to the Court of Chancery, but he dying 
in January 1717, his widow proceeded and obtained a decree against the elders 
of Soho for payment of his salary, with costs of suit, and it was decreed that 
the ministers of the corporation alone had the right to appoint the preachers at 
Soho. Delpeche died, and Febre being turned out by the elders of Soho, was 
reduced to great misery, no one choosing to employ one who had caused so 
much trouble to the two churches. 

f Brother of Isaac John Barnouin, (he father of the late James Henry Bar- 
nouin, Esq. of Pall Mall. 



151 



1775, Etienne Gibert 1776-1782, Claris (1716,) De Lauzac* 1716, 
M. Juneauf, Samuel Darvill.J 

Baptized in this chapel, 5th July, 1751, Emeric fils de Jean Vidal 
and Marie 

MARRIAGES. 

1 702 Jacques Brunet and Jeane de St. Martin. 

1703 Pierre Jolly and Francoise Barliere of Wandsworth. 
1734 Pierre Bureau and Ester Anne Watly. 

1737 Jean Jaq s Bizot and Sus e Duchesne. 

1728 Jean Jacq s Collet and Charlotte Monteau. 
1715 Pierre Jean Le Page and Sus e Benoit. 

1 720 Daniel Riviere and Anne Vielle. 

1729 Lambert Robin and Marie Mag. Angommoy. 
1692 Jacq s Sauvage and Isabeau Desparos. 

J 744 Dan" Willoment and Eliz th Labbe. 



CASTLE STREET CHAPEL, NEAR LEICESTER SQUARE. 

This chapel stands on the eastern side of Castle Street, 
Leicester Square, a little above Hemming's Row. It was 
built at the expense of the Government, in the reign of Chas. 
II., for the French Refugees. Their number was then large, 
but diminishing by death, the remainder left the place about 
1760, for a smaller one situate in Moor Street, Soho. The 
Castle Street Chapel is now used as a Court of Requests. 
f Wilson, Vol. 4, p. 21 J 

The following ministers officiated at this chapel, — 

Pierre De Tascher .. .. .. 1725 

Juneau .. .. .. 1725 

* De Lausac. He was also chaplain to the Portuguese regiments. 

■f Descended from a good Protestant family in the Isle of Rhe, came over 
on the revocation. Young Mr. Stanhope, afterwaids Lord Chesterfield, was put 
under his care, and received from him his first instruction in language, history, 
and philosophy. — ( Chesterfield's Memoir s t vol. it. p. 2.J 

% Died 18th November, 1757. 



152 

— — Larroque* ' . . . . ..(1716) 

Samuel Co derct .. .. 1731 

Aubert Duchesne, (Lecteur) .. .. 1756 

Isaac Lesturgeon .. .. .. 1 737 

Jean Cesvet . . . . . . 1 744 

— — Nicout, (a Proseylyte) .. (1716) 

There is a register belonging to this chapel, but it only 
commences in 1725. It is a small quarto, and is intituled, — 

" Livre des baptemes et des manages de TEglise de Castle Street, 
3 e Octobre, 1725." 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

1737 Sam 1 Smith and Eliz. Swift. 

1738 Mr. Geo 6 Baskerville and Mrs. Sarah Bowcock. 

1739 James Watson and Dinah Edwards. 

1740 Rich d Cook and Reb a Kingsley. 

1726 Rev. Ezek 1 Barbauld and Sus e Marie Jouneau. 

1731 Rev. Jacq s Fran s Barnouin and Frederique Anne de Guerin. 

1748 Mr. Phil. Barraud and Anne Marchant. 

1727 Sam 1 Cassabonne and Anne Eliz. Corbun. 

1729 Rev. Sam 1 Coderc and Fra se Marie Savary, D r of Col 1 
Savary. 

1728 Pierre Le Mercier and Jeane Segretin. 

1 749 Jacob Papineau and Mariane De L'Estang. 
1753 Pierre Sarramagnac and Marie Richard. 



RIDERS COURT CHAPEL, ST. ANN'S WESTMINSTER. 

This chapel was situate in Riders Court, leading from 
Newport Street, into Cranbourne Alley Leciester Square. 

The register is comprized in two small folios. The first 
commences in 1700, and ends 1730, and is thus intituled, — 

* Afterwards returned to France and reconciled himself to the Church of 
Rome. (See Berwick Street Chapel. J 

t Query — if not the preceptor of Lord Chesterfield in geology and chrono- 
logy. — (See Chesterfield's Memoirs.) 



153 

' v Livre des baptemes de la presente Eglise de Riders Cort, com- 
mence le troissiesme de Nouembre de l'annee, Mil Sept Cent 1700." 

The second volume contains baptisms and marriages from 
1730 to 1738,-— the baptisms at one end, and the marriages at 
the other. 

The ministers were Mr. Pons, 1701, Barbet. 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

1725 Daniel Basquain and Marie Falaize. 

1700 Jacques Collet and Marie Fonuielle. 

1721 Gideon Delamotte and Marie Segalas. 

1733 Jacob Deble and Marie Larcher. 

1707 Estienne Morel and Anne Grave. 

1708 Isaie Segournay* and Sus e Guenard. 
1728 Jean Sauvage, Esq., Made! 6 Pegorier. 



MARYLEBONE CHAPEL. 
This chapel is supposed to have been but small, and to 
have been situated some where in or near Marylebone Lane. 
The following were ministers of this chapel, — 

Bernard Perny . . . . . . 1656 

Michel Eloy Nollet 



MARTIN'S LANE CHURCH, 
In the Parish of St. Martin Orgars in the City. 

This congregation were permitted by letters patent under 
the Great Seal, dated the 16th July, 1686, to assemble in a 
chapel situate in Jewin Street, Aldersgate, under the direction 
of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. On the 8th Novem- 
ber, 1691, they removed from thence to a u tabernacle" at 

* A family of this name settled at "Huguenot Fort," Oxford, U. S. and Mrs. 
Sigourney, in her " Scenes in my Native Land," notices Andrew Sigourney, 
Gabriel Bernon, Hemy Francisco, and other Refugees who settled there in 1713. 

U 



154 

Brewers' Hall, but as at this place a number of tradespeople 
met several times in the year, occasioning incessant change of 
arrangement, being very inconvenient, and not sufficiently 
decent for so pious an usage, the congregation on the 26th 
February 1693, removed to u un Salle de Buckingham House," 
a house belonging to the then late Duke of Buckingham, on 
College Hill.* 

Some short time afterwards, the property being about to 
change masters, and the place being too small, it was deter- 
mined to build a chapel, and a treaty was entered into with 
the vestry of St. Martin Orgars, and an Act of Parliament 
was passed to confirm a lease granted by them to the French 
congregation. 

The lease was dated the 3rd February, 1699, and the con- 
sideration was " thirty guinea pieces of gold," and the ground 
demised was the site of the late church of St. Martin Orgars, 
together with the church yard thereto belonging ; to hold for 50 
years at £35. per annum, with right of renewal without fine.f 

It appears that the church at St. Martin Orgars was opened 
for service on the 20th April, 1701, and a book was prepared, 
intituled — 

" Actes Reglemens et Deliberations passes depuis le transport de 
l'Eglise de Buckingham House dans l'Eglise Francoise conforme de 
St. Martin Orgars de Londres, dont L'ouuerture s'est faitte le De- 
manche Jour de Pasque 20 Auril, 1701." 

About 1720, articles were entered into for the union of the 
ministry of this church with that of the Savoy. 



* The congregation was formed by Dr. Allix. — See note to Berwick Street 
Chapel. 

■f On a subsequent occasion the following presentment was made to the 
Bishop of London at his visitation : 

" We present that there is a chapel erected on the church ground of the 
church of St. Martin Orgars, for the use of the French people residing in the 
City of London, in which marriages are solemnized, and children baptized, in 
derogation to the rights of the rector, &c. 

"Geo. Blaksley, 
"Rd: Vickers." 



155 



The congregation upon leaving Martin's Lane, joined that 
in Threadneedle Street, and it is supposed that about that 
period the register was deposited in the vestry of the adjoin- 
ing parish of St. Clement, Eastcheap, the rector of which 
parish, with the consent of the Bishop of London, gave it up 
in the year 1838 to the Registration Commissioners.* It is a 
folio volume containing baptisms from 2nd September 1698,t 
to 18th October 1751. 

Some of the ministers were — 



Jacob Asselin 


.. 1698 


Melly Mellin 


1700 


De Tascher 


.. 1704 


Henry ChatelainJ 


1712 


David Durand 


.. 1714 


Jean Jaques Majendie 


1733 


Ph. Jouneau 


.. 1712 


Jaques Eynard 


1748 


Daniel Olivier 


.. 1721 


M Doules 


1703 


Jaques Desmazures 


.. 1727 


Jaques Theodore Muysson 


1732 


Samuel Mauzy 


1758—1762 


Jean Lambard 


1698 


Dembezieux, (Reader) 


.. (1716) 


Richard, (a Proselyte) . . 


( „ ) 



* In a large folio of matters connected with this church, is a copy of the 
Will of Samuel Esteve, M.D., who gives the reversion of £50. per annum to 
this congregation. 

f The earlier register (if any) has been lost. In 1696 there was a license 
for the marriage of Vincent Brenboauf, St. Ann's, Westminster, Bachelor, 32, 
and M> Magd e Bourdon, Sp. 32, to be married at the French Church upon 
College Hill, 10 November, 1696 ; (Bishop's Registry 5) and at the beginning 
of the register is a paper pinned in, containing rules for performing marriages, 
dated 1696. 

J Born 1684, died 1743, minister of the Walloon Church at Amsterdam. 
His father came over at the revocation. 



156 



EXTRACTS. 

1703 Jean le Monnier, Norwich and Francoise Pierre. 
1714 David Montelieu, Esq. (Col 1 ) and Marie Molenier, Dau r of 
Sir Anthony M. 

1717 Peter De Visme and Madelaine Beaufils. 

1718 Lawrence Espinas (Baker,) and Anne de Lanney. 

1724 John Archambo and Marthe Dufour. 

1725 Wm. Young, St. Albans, and Henriette De Rafou. 
1727 Mr. Thos. Herve* and Mad lle Cath e Mitteau. 
1734 Jean Lagier de la Motte and Louise Dalbiac. 

1738 Rev. Daniel de Beaufort and Esther Gougeon. 

1739 William White and Eliz th White or Wyatt. 
1742 Mr. Fulcrand Mourgue and Eliz. Grimaudet. 
1744 Rd. Jarman and Eliz th Butcher. 

1 750 Joshua Rhodes and Jane Plumpton. 

1751 Thos. Glanville and Therese Amory. 

BAPTISMS. 

1699 Marie Anne Dugard, d of Ab m Dugard, merchant, and 

Marie Anne sa femme. 
1703 Saml. s of Louis Durant, Plumacier. 

1 705 Zacharie Philipe, s of Claude Fonnereau and Eliz th sa femme. 
1711 Thos. s of Philippe Bureau and Anne sa femme. 

„ Pierre, s of Estienne Romilly and Judith de Monzallier. 
1713 Henriatte, d of Anselm Frederic Pigou and Cath e Camin 

sa femme. 
I7l9f Louis Chas. s of Mr. David de Montolien de Saintipolita 

and Marie sa femme. 



CHAPEL ROYAL, ST. JAMES'S, OR FRIERY CHAPEL, 
PALL MALL. 

This chapel was established at the Palace of St. James. 

* Afterwards minister of Les Grecs. 

f Registered also at the parish church of St. Mary, Aldermary, 



157 

The ministers were — 

Philippe Menard .. .. 1700—1727 

Pierre Rival .. .. .. 1712 

Jean Majou .. .. .. .. 1721 

Israel Antoine Anfrere, (query if not rector of 

Heigham in Norwich.) .. 1727—1756 

Jacques Serces, (" et Vicaire d'Apleby, &c.) 1756 
Michel Eloy NoUet* .. .. •• 1745 

Caesar De Missy .. .. 1762 

Thomas Herve . . . . . . 1758 

Carey, (Dean of Guernsey) 

Charles de Guiffardiere .. .. 1781 

The register is a long narrow folio, intituled — 

" Registre des manages qui ont ete benits dans la chapelle Fran- 
chise du Palais de St. James. 

" Premierement par M. Philippe Menard." 

The first entry is in 1700; there are also the marriages of 
the following English couples. 

1718 Henry Groves, Esq. and Eliz. Colt, W°- 
1740 James Robertson and Jane Milxan. 
1744 Math w Langley and Eliz. Winn. 
1747 Henry Plumpton and Jane Robertson. 

1751 George Neilson and Lydia Hopkins. 

1752 George Humphreys and Jane Goodwin. 

At the year 1756, is the following memorandum : — 

" Mr. Aufrere oblige par son grand age de reliquer le soin des 

Livres de la chapelle et Mr. Serces les lui envoya, le 21 Mars, 1756, 

et en meme temps les licences et certificats, qui ont raport aux 

mariages mentionnes dans les deux pages precedentes et dans celle ci. 

Jaques Semies*" 

The last marriage is on the 23 January, 1754, and then 
follows after a blank leaf. 

" Registre des baptemes faits par les ministres de la chapell fr : de 
St. James." 

* Reader at this chapel royal, and minister of the French chapel of Mary- 
lebone, died 8 October, 1755. 



158 

They begin 14 August 1738, and end in 1756. 

EXTRACTS. 

Louis Chevalleau de Boisragon & Louis de la Grange, (Royrand 
W°) 25 May, 1700. 

Henry Tustel, rector of Clewer, and Charlotte Francoise de la 
Croix, 4 May, 1721. 

S. E. Monsieur Henry Hop Ecuyer and Judith Lambert, 1732. 

The baptism of several of the children of Mr. Alexander Gordon 
and Mary his wife of Durham Yard, and of Jean Jaques VuUiamy 
and Charlotte his wife. 

" Monsieur Guillaume Benoist et Magdalon Hanet son femme ont 
ete membres de notre Eglise, en laquelle ils ont participe a la Ste 
Cene, et aux autres exercises de piete publics et solemnels, et ont 
vecu honnetement et sans scandale qui sont venu a notre connois- 
sance. Nous les recommandons a la grace et garde de dieu et a la 
Communion de nos freres de Londres ou ils font etat de se retirer. 
Fait a Amsterdam le 16 Juin, 1746. 

" Par les conducteurs de l'Eglise Wallonne du dit lieu et au nom 
de tous. 

" BoULLIER, L'UN DES PaSTEURS. 

" Louis Thellusson, l'un des Anciens." 

In the year 1781, there appears to have been some arrange- 
ment as to the use of the chapel in the palace. The following 
is inserted in the register. 

({ Proposals having been made to the ministers of His Majes- 
ty's Dutch and French Chapel, against His Majesty's Ger- 
man Chapel in the said palace, — we, whose names are under 
written, agree to the exchange proposed as far as lies in our 
power, but beg at the same time to subjoin in the following 
consideration, in which we think it necessary previously to 
insist."* 

1. That all benefits and advantages, whatever, as far as they 
concern the chaplains, reader, and pew keeper, be henceforth looked 
upon as transferred to the chapel, to be given in lieu of ours. 

* The precise words are here copied, and it must be borne in mind, tha^ 
in many other instances in this work, the orthography and accentuation has 
been preserved. 



159 

2. That the pew keeper and his successors remain in possession 
of his apartments in the palace. 

3. That the German chapel be put in complete repair, on the 
application of the German ministers to the Board of Work. 

4. That this agreement meet with the entire approbation of the 
Bishop of London, and that his lordship be pleased to authorize the 
said French and Dutch ministers to give their consent. 



DUTCH MINISTERS. 

Charle Godfrey Woide 
Philip Vanswinden, D. D. 



FRENCH MINISTERS. 

Samuel Mauzy 

Barnd. Perny 

Charles de Guiffardiere 

I approve of the exchange according to the conditions expressed 
in this paper. R. London. 

May the 1, 1781. 

The above took place August the 20, 1781. 

Sexton or pew keeper as above of the chapel, Abraham Heraud. 



L'EGLISE DE L'ARTILLERIE. 

This chapel was situated in Parliament Court, Artillery 
Street, Bishopgate, and was united for various purposes with 
the chapels of Leicester Fields and Rider's Court; it was 
finally closed and incorporated with the London Walloon 
Church in 1786. 

This congregation was formed about 1691 ; the freehold site 
of the old chapel having been bought by the congregation in 
1763* for £400. a new chapel was built, which was dedicated 
on the 23rd November, 1766. It is thought that the con- 
gregation originally assembled in Petticoat Lane. The chapel 
is now let by the London Walloon Church to a congregation 
of Baptists at £48. 6s. per annum, and is called Parliament 
Court Chapel. 

* The congregation printed a quarto of 19 pages, intituled "Recueil des 
Reglemens qui servent a la discipline de l'Eglise Francoise de l'Artillerie " 
—Lond. 1765. 



160 

There are four registers of this church which were deposited 
at the London Walloon Church. 

The first is a folio in vellum, endorsed — 

"Premier Registre," "Liure pour les Baptesmes," " l'Eglise de 
l'Artillerie." 

At one end of the book are baptisms, from 10 March 1691 
to 3 August 1710, and at the other end marriages, from 30 
May 1691 to 30 March 1712. The entries are indexed. 

The second is also a folio in vellum, intituled — 

"Registre des Baptistaires De l'Eglise De l'Artillerie Ground, 
commence le 20 d'Avril, 1710." 

The baptisms end with 17 October 1742, and are indexed. 
At the other end of the book are the marriages, beginning 
6 July 1713, and ending 17 November, 1745. 

The third is intituled — 

"Registre des Baptemes dans l'Eglise de l'Artillerie, depuis le 
mois de May 1742, au mois d'October 1783." 

It commences w r ith 24 May 1742, and ends with 15 Jan- 
uary 1786. At the other end of the book, is " Regitre des 
Mariages dans l'Eglise de FArtillerie," from 1743 to 25 
February 1754. 

The Rev. Jacob Bourdillon signs throughout as Pastor. 

The fourth register is — 

" Registre des Baptemes de l'Eglise Francoise de l'Artillerie au 
quartier du Spitalfields, dresse sur du papier Timbre, en conformite 
d'un Acte de Parlement ; commence en Novembre 1783." 

In this book are only thirty baptisms from 1783 to 1786. 

EXTRACTS. 

1691 (Nicholas) Dufour and Marie Feray. 

1709 Michel Le Cire and Marie Magd. La Mare. 

,, Benjamin Cannel and Anne Sus e Malfuzon. 

1714 Simon Dalbiac and Franc e Pallardy. 

1715 Rene Turquand and Lea Pallardy. 

1720 Jean Marson and Alexdrina Maria Fraser. 



161 

1723 Pierre Meriette and Cath e Mercier. 

1733 Franc 8 Guiot and Marie L'heureux. 

1742 Dan 1 Lavasseur and Sara L'heureux. 

1754 Rob 1 Le Blond and Eliz th Chauzot. 



NOMS DES M 


INISTRES QUI ONT SER"< 


71 L EGLISE DE 


L ARTILLERIE.* 


Terns de leur 


Messieurs. 


Eglise iVou Us 


Eglise ou Us sont 


Reception. 




sont venus. 


allez. 


1695 


Cesar Pegorier 


Havre de Grace 




26 May 


Jean Lyons 








Daniel Chamier 




[1724 




Pierre Rival 


Rondolette 


a St. James en 




Joseph de la Mothe 








Jean Marc Veschire 






1696 


Charles Chariot d'Ar- 


Cure Prose- 






genteuil 


lyte 




1699 


Ezechiel Barbauld 


Plymouth 


aLondresen!704 


1706 


Claude Scauffier 




aMiddelbourgen 
1724 


1707 


Jean Blanc 


Francfort 




1709 


Henry Oger de St. 








Colombe 




Londresen 1710 


1711 


Pierre Barbauld 


La Patente 


Morten 1738 


7bre 1711 


Armand Boibelleau 








de la Chapelle 


Wandsworth 


La Haye 1726 


9bre 1720 


Jeremie Olivier 


Woorbourg 


La Savoye J 721 


25 Mars 1725 


Sam 1 La Douespe 




Brown's Lane 


2 July 


Jaq s Franc 3 Barnouin 






1729 


Daniel de Beaufort 


La Patente 


La Savoye 


15 Nov. 1731 


Jacob Bourdillon 






14 April 1736 


Jean Pierre Stehelin 


La Patente 


Mort le 2 July, 
1753 


12 Dec. 1744 


Louis Marcombes 


Merien 


Retire a Geneve 
en 1763 


9 Oct. 1753 


Jean Gaspard Mieg 


Bristol 


Mort Sept. 1765 



* Copied from a book belonging to the congregation, now at the London 
Walloon Church. 

X 



162 



21 Jan. 


1757 


19 Mars 1760 


4 Jan. 


1762 


5 May 


1766 




1767 


8 Oct. 


1769 



David Henry Durand 
Louis de laChaumette 
Jaq s Renaud Boullier 
Jaq s George de la 

Saussaye 
Cha s de Guiffardiere 
Francois Gauterel 



Union avec La 
Patente 



Londre en 1760 
Londresen 1761 
La Savoye 

Londres 
La Savoye 



a Lausanne 



Samuel Tavan 

The Rev. Jacob Bourdillon (born 12 February 1704 J was 
appointed pastor of this church on the 25th December 1731, 
and fifty years afterwards he preached a sermon, which was 
printed, intituled — 

" Sermon de Jubile prononce dans l'Eglise Francoise de TArtillerie 
en Spital Fields, le 13 e Janvier 1782, par Jacob Bourdillon, qui en 
a ete le pasteur des le 25 e Decembre 1731." 

The following passages in this sermon are worthy of record 
in this history. 

" Durant ce Jubile de cinquante ans, que d'evenemens memorables 
n'ont point interresse, soit le Royaume en general (mais qui ne sont 
point de ce lieu,) soit le Refuge, soit ce Troupeau en particulier ! 
Si d'une cote, malgre bien des alterations et de mecontentemens, Ton 
est venu a bout de supprimer totalement l'usage des vieux Pseaumes, 
devenus inintelligibles par les grands changemens arrives dans le lan- 
gage, et d'introduire les nouveaux ; changement egalement utile et 
necessaire pour la consolation des ames, et redification des Eglises : 
de 1'autre, Ton a eu, et Ton a encore, le chagrin de voir le decadence 
de ces memes Eglises, tant par le peu de zele et de fermete que des 
Chefs de famille temoignent, pour encourager leurs enfans a les 
soutenir; Eglises, apres tout, que leurs Ancetres avoient plantees, 
comme un monument glorieux du genereux sacrifice qu'ils avoient 
fait de leur Patrie, de leurs Emplois et de leurs Biens, a la profession 
ouverte de la Verite, et a la persuasion de leur conscience ; que par 
une aversion tres mal entendue des Enfans pour le langage de leurs 
Peres, dont ils semblent avoir honte d'etre descendus ; — dirai-je de 
plus ? — par une inconsistence dans les Principes de la Foi, qui pro- 



163 

duit cliez plusieurs une espece d'infatuation pour quitter leurs Assem- 
blies d'anciennete, pour suivre des nouveautes inconnues a. nos Peres, 
et ecouter de pretendus Enseigneurs dont pour la plupart le babil et 
l'enthousiasme font tout la talent, la suffisance et l'orgueil toute la 
vocation. Que de ravages n'ont point ete faits ici, comme ailleurs, 
dans ce Jubile de cinquante ans ! Que de pasteurs enleves a leurs 
Troupeaux ! Plus de cinquante deux* ont termine leur course parmi 
les Refugies, dont six avoient ete mes Collegues. Nombre consider- 
able, sans doubte, et qui vient tout recemment d'etre augments par 
le deces de ce digne pasteur,| qui, apres vingt trois ans de ministere 
dans sa derniere Eglise, ou j'ai eu Thonneur de l'installer, frappe 
d'un de ces coups violens qui ne pardonnent gueres, plein d'esperance 
en son Dieu, lui a remis tranquillement son ame, et a laisse dans sa 
famille, dans son troupeau, chez ses amis, des regrets," &c. &c. 
" II a vu, comme nous aussi, le declin du Refuge. De vingt Eglises, 
toutes florissantes, qui subsistoient a mon arrivee, neufj ont ete fer- 
mees ; et des onze qui restent,|| quelques-unes tirent a leur fin : 

* "De la Chapelle Royale de St. James; — Messieurs Menard, Aufrere, Ser- 
ces, Rocheblave, De Missy, Barbauld, Muisson. 

De la Savoie ; — Olivier, Du cros, Durand, Deschamps. 

De TEglise Wallone de Londresj — Bertheau, Besombes, De Ste Colombe, 
Bonyer, Barbauld, Convenant, La Douespe, Duboulai 

De Leicester Fields, TArtillerie, et la Patente; — Blane, Barbauld, Stehelin, 
Mi eg - , Bamouin. 

De la Tremblade ;— Gillet, Yver. 

De Castle St. et du Quarre ;— Laval, Bernard, Cantier, Robert, Coderc. 

De la Patente en Spital Fields ; — Fourestier, Manuel, Balguerie, Masson. 

De Brown's Lane \ — Le Moyne. 

De St. Jean Street ; — Vincent, Palairet, Beuzeville. 

De Wapping; — Gaily de Gaujac, Le Beaupin, Say, Guyot, Prelleur. 

De Swan Fields; — Briel. 

Autres Pasteurs decedes a Londres; — Forent, Majendie, Esternod, Mon- 
tignac, Du Plessis, Villette, Duval. 

Pasteurs de quelques Eglises Francoises a Londres, morts dans les Pays 
etrangers ; — Des Mazures, Bobineau, Boullier, Eynard, Dagneau, Marcoxnbes, 
Patron, Romilly. 1 ' 

•f" Samuel Beuzeville. 

% La grande Savoie, Spring Garden, Rider's Court, La Tremblade, Castle 
St., Wheeler St., Crispin St., Swan Fields, Marybone. 

|| "La Chapelle de St. James, Les Grecs, Leicester Fields, La Patente, Le 



164 



d'autres ne subsistent qua peine, et par des secours etrangers. Peu 
se maintiennent par elles-memes. Puissent elles le faire encore long- 
tems !" 

The period of the dissolution of this church will be seen 
from the following memorandum in the third vol. of their 
registers, — 

" N. B. Le Dimanche, 21 May, 1786, Mariane fille de Samuel 
Le Blond, &c., Voyez, No. 30, dans le petit livre ci joint, contenant 
le registre des baptemes de l'Artillerie sur papier timbre, du 25 
Novembre, 1783, au 21 Mai, 1786, le dernier qui ait ete celebre 
dans la dite Eglise." 



HOXTON CHAPEL. 

There was a congregation of French Protestants at Hoxton, 
but in what particular spot the chapel was situated is not now 
well known. 

The register belonging to the congregation was subsequently 
to 1783 deposited at the Walloon Church in Threadneedle 
Street. On the outside is endorsed — 

" Registre de l'Eglise Francoise de Hoxton, 1748." 

And on the first leaf — 

" Suite Du Regitre des Baptemes et Mariages, commence* le 26 

Novembre, 1748." 

Jacob Bourdillon signs as Pastor throughout the book, the 
last entry in which is on 8th June 1783; some of the entries 
are witnessed by " Mary Diana Romilly." 

The following is in 1 758, — 

" Le Mecredy, 6° Decembre, 1758, a ete baptise dans cette Eglise 

Quarre, Londres, L'Eglise Neuve, St. Martin, L'Artillerie, LaPatente, St. Jean 
Street." 

At this time (1845) only three exist, and two of them have adopted the 
Ritual of the Church of England. 



165 



le fils de Jean Durand et de Marie son Epouse. II a ete present^ au 
St. bapteme par Jean Cossart Parrain et Charles Faure grand pere 
de l'Enfant, absent, et Susanne Jeane Fargues, marraine. Et a ete 
nomme Jean Charles, ne le 13 Novembre, passe, — 

" J'ai Baptise cet enfant le dit jour et an, 

"Jacob Bourdillon, Pasteur." 



WITNESSES. 



Theod H. Broadhead 
Jos h Hankey 
Fulcrand Mourgue 
Ja s Burn 
Edw d Bisshop 
Tho s Rutherford 
C. Middleton 
Henry Bisshop 



Jean Durand 
John Cossart 
S. Fargues 
Pierre Fargues 
Jean Fargues 
Fran 3 Fargues 
M. A. C. Mounier 



THE FOLLOWING ARE THE FOUR MARRIAGES. 

1748 Jean Vidal and Marie Farques. 

1751 Jean Franc 3 Desanges and Eliz th Taylor. 

1752 Jonas Stevens and Marie Olive Rivalin. 

1753 Nicolas Dedros and Hannah Fisher. 



L'EGLISE DE ST. JEAN, SWAN FIELDS, SHOREDITCH. 

This chapel is a brick building, on the east side of St. John 
Street, Spital Fields. The congregation was formed about 
1687, and was incorporated with the London Walloon Church 
in 1823, the Rev. John Louis Chirol of Le Quarre being 
then minister also of this church. The lease of the building 
expired about 1839, and it is now fitted up as one of the ten 
new churches of St. Matthew, Bethnal Green. 

There are seven register books belonging to this chapel. 

The first is a large folio, endorsed — 

" Registre des Baptemes de l'Eglise de St. Jean a Londres," 
and extends from 2nd October 1687 to 11th May 1823, 



166 

and the entries are numbered No. 1., to No. 1806, with an 
index to the whole, — a certificate is written at the end by 
M. Chirol, that it contains a transcript of all the baptisms 
from the foundation of the church to the date of the certifi- 
cate, (12th April 1827.) 

The second register, c. 2, is a large folio, being merely a 
fair transcript of the marriages contained in the two following 
registers, c. 3 and 4. 

The third volume, c. 3, is a folio register in rough calf, 
endorsed — 

" Regitre des Baptemes et Manages faits dans l'Eglise Francoise 
de St. Jean a Londres. Depuis 2 e Oct re 1687 au 8 e Nov re 1713, et 
depuis l er Fev r 1733 au 14 Oct re 1754." 

In a more recent hand under the title of the book, is " Mes- 
sieurs de Joux et Lions, Pasteurs et Fondateurs." (This 
volume appears made up of three registers bound together, 
and ought in fact to have contained the register c. 4, as the 
entries in this last named register comprize the period from 
1713 to 1733, which is wanting in the volume c. 3.) 

At the other end of the volume are church matters, and 
under the date of the 28th October 1694, is a note that the 
three consistories " de St. Jehan, de Leicester Fields, et de 
Peticoat Lane," had assembled at the church in Petticoat Lane, 
and chosen Mr. Joseph de la Motte de Guienne, and Pierre 
Rival of Beam, to be pastors of the said churches. 

The fourth volume (c. 4,) is a folio in rough calf, endorsed 

" Regitre des Batemes, Reception des Catecumenes, et Manages 
faits dans l'Eglise Francoise de St. Jean a Londres ;■" — 

and contains baptisms and marriages from 22 November 
1713 to 5 December 1733. There are separate indexes to 
the baptisms and marriages which are all copied into c. 2. At 
the other end of the volume are the acts of the consistory.* 

* In 1716, M. Sudre then minister, leaves, and M. Phinees Philibert Pielat, 
late minister of the Garrison of St. Giulain in Flanders, is chosen at £50. per 
annum. 



167 

The fifth volume (c. 5,) is a small book, with the entries 
written on stamps, from 12th December 1783, to 4th Novem- 
ber 1787, and are numbered 1621, to No. 1654. 

The sixth is a small book of baptisms, on stamps, from '2nd 
December 1787, (No. 1655,) to 25th July 1813, (No. 1790.) 

The seventh and last is another small book of baptisms, 
from 5th June 1813, (No. 1790,) to 23rd April 1823, (No. 
1806.) 

Some of the ministers were — 

DeJoux .. .. .. 1688 

Lions 



Champion de la Motte, (a Proselyte) (1716) 

Joseph Delamotte, (de Guienne) 

Pierre Rival, (de Beam) 

Jean Marc Vettichere, died . . 

Charles D'argenteuille . . 

Damier 



1694 
1694 
1696 
1696 

>> 

1699 



kzekiel Barbauld* 

Samuel Beuzevillef 

Jean Balguyrie, (formerly of La Patented . . 1701 

Elie Brilly 

L de la Chaumette 

S Francillon 

Philippe Van Swinden, D. D. 

Jean Scipion Sabonadiere 

Pierre Lescure 

Jean Louis Chirol[| 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

1688 Marc Angelie and Rachel Halavan. 
1692 Ab m Bruman and Marie Le Marsis. 

* Chosen in room of M. Damier, deceased, to serve the four joint churches, 
to live in Spitalfields, visit the sick, preach, &c. 

t Died in 1782, set 65. 

J Chosen 7th October 1701, at £42. per annum. 

|| M. Chirol was the minister at the time of the incorporation of this with 
the London Walloon Church in 1823. (Vide le Quarre.) 



168 

1708 Isaac Foy and Marie Cassot. 

1687 Alex r Ladmiral and Ester Savoye. 

1700 Philipe Lucas and Louise Escroignard. 

1718 Isaac Vallie and MadeP Durrieux. 

1732 Franc 5 Ysabelle and Marie le Monnier. 

1731 Ab m Levesque and Mariane Gaillard. 



LA PATENTE EN SPITAL FIELDS, OU LA NOUVELLE 

PATENTE, 

Originally in Glovers Hall, then Paternoster Row Spital Fields, 

then Crispin Street, then Browns Lane. 

This was called the Patente in reference to the letters patent 
of the 4th September 1689.* 

The actes of the consistory of this church were in two folio 
volumes, but the second only is now to be found, and is de- 
posited at the London Walloon Church, together with a small 
quarto, containing a copy of the letters patent, a list of minis- 
ters, elders, and deacons, and the forms for the publication of 
fasts, &c.f By this it appears that the congregation first 

* Extract from a letter in the actes of La Patente Spital Fields, written to 
the pastors and elders of the French Church at Amsterdam. 

"Jacques second, Roy d'Angleterre, ayant accorde par ses lettres patent du 
4 Septembre 1688, sous le grand Sceau d'Angleterre a dix ministres francois 
Refugies a Londres, qui estoient Mrs. Daillon, Forent, Matt ay er, Canolles> 
Gervais, Baignoux, Souchet, Bardon, Forent, et Balaguier, le droit de s'esta- 
blier a Londres en forme de Corporation ou Corps politiq, et de prendre a 
Loage en la dite ville et ses faubourgs, ou y bastir un ou plusieurs temples ou 
lieux d'exercice, pour eux et leur successeurs au ministere, afin d'y prescher 
selon la maniere la liturgie et la discipline des eglises reformees de France. 
Ces dix ministres loerent un temple au quartier de Spital Fields, et en basti- 
rent un autre au quartier de Sohoe, y employons trois cens livres steriins qui 
leur furent mises en main par my Lady Hollis, et qu'on croit avoir este un don 
de la Reine Marie sans vouloir estee nommee. Ces deux egjises, dites de la 
Patente, furent servies par ces dis ministres alternativement et tour et tour, 
chacun ayant son consistoire et les deux consistoires s'assemblans de tems en 
tems pour regler les afairs communes ou celles dont il y avoit appel. 

f The fast for the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, was kept by the 
French Churches on the 11th of October. 



169 

assembled in Glover's Hall, of which place they had a lease.* 
They then removed to a chapel in Paternoster Row, Spital 
Fields, but the lowness of the situation, the closeness of the 
benches, the amount of rent, and uncertainty of possession, ad- 
ded to the fact, that many of their congregation were leaving for 
want of accommodation, induced the elders in 1716 to pur- 
chase of M. de la Place, the chapel in Crispin Street, with the 
house adjoining, for £300., and they took a lease of it for thirty- 
two years, at £19. per annum. The £300. was paid out of 
contributions amounting to £302. 14s., and the sale of a 
lottery ticket. f On the 1st January 1717, they removed 
into this chapel, when their minister M. Jembelin preached 
from 2 Cor. xiii. 12, 13. 

In 1740 the lease of Crispin Street chapel being nearly 
expired, it was sold for £100., and the consistory purchased 
for £315. the chapel in Brown's Lane, which had been publicly 
offered for sale ; and here the congregation remained till its 
dissolution, and incorporation with the London Walloon 
church, which took place in 1786, by a deed between the 
Rev. Francis Gauterel, surviving minister, and John Le 
Souef, and Peter Merzeau, two of the elders, of the first part, 
the Rev. Francis Gauterel surviving pastor, and Luke Passa- 
vant, and George Hebert, two of the elders of L'Artillerie 
of the second part, and the minister, elders, and deacons of 
the London Walloon church of the third part. 



* In the box of church deeds, &c, were — 

" 4 Une lease enparchemin du Temple situe en Glover's Hall. 

5 Un catalogue de livres donnes a TEglise par Jean Delme. 

6 Le Sceau de la corporation qui est de cuivre. 

Le Don fait par my Lady Holies, du 5 Juillet, 1694, pour bastir e dit Tem- 
ple, (de Sohoe) en papier." 

The corporation seal is not now to be found. 

t The consistory gave the Table of Commandments which they took with 
the Crispin Street Chapel, to the chapel of the new French Hospital. 



170 

The congregation of this church was large, and the dona- 
tions and legacies For its support numerous. In the year 1762 
the ministers' fund was £500., the poor's fund £709., and the 
fund "du quint" £161.* 

In 1742 the congregation of Wheeler Street chapel was 
incorporated with La Patente. 

The registers of this church are five in number, and were 
deposited at the London Walloon Church. The first volume 
(b. 2,) is a folio in vellum, intituled — 

" Registre des Baptemes et des Manages de l'Eglise des Protes- 
tans Francois Refugiez, etablie par lettres patentes donnees souz le 
grand sceau d' Angle terre." 

The baptisms and marriages are entered together, and 
begin 30th January 1689, and end 18th July 1698. 

The second volume (b. 3,) in folio with a similar title, con- 
tains also baptisms and marriages, from 26th July ] 698, to 
17th August 1707. 

The third volume (b. 3 a,) is a folio in vellum, intituled — 

" Ce Livre est Intulle Troisyesme Regestre des Baptesmes adminis- 
trez dans l'Eglise Francoise quy s'assemble en verteu de lettres 
patentes, ceillees du grand sceau d'angleterre a Paternoster Row 
au Spital Fields a Londre, achete le 3 Ire Jeuin 1707." 

" Au nom du grand Dieu Tout Puissant Createur du Ciel et de la 
Terre : Soit commence ce presant Livre qui est le 3e de nos Registres 
des Baptemes." 

It commences 21st August 1707, and ends 3rd September 
1727, and comprizes both baptisms and marriages, intermixed. 
The names that occur are Brunet, Vullaume, Barre, Bretel, 
Deheule, Hanrot, Le Maistre, Warroquier, &c, &c. 

The fourth volume (b. 3b,) is a folio in vellum, intituled — 

" Au nom de Dieu quy a fait le Ciel et la Terre, Amen." 

It commences with 10th September 1727, and ends with the 

* Perhaps a fifth of certain contributions set apart as a contingency fund. 



171 



baptism of Susanne Foot, on the 8th April 1 759, on page 
251 ; and comprizes baptisms, marriages, reconnoisances, and 
abjurations. At page 91 (April 1740,) the page begins with 

" Y cy commences l'enristrement des Baptemes de l'Eglise de la 
Patente en Brown's Lane." 

The fifth register (b. 4,) is also a folio volume, endorsed — 
" Registre pour les Baptemes a l'Eglise de la Patente." 
It commences 19th April 1759, and ends 30th September 
1785 : soon after which the congregation left this church and 
were incorporated, as already noticed, with the London Wal- 
loon Church. 

On the last leaf of this register is the following : — 

" Je sous signe, Pasteur de l'Eglise Francoise de Londres certifie 
que c' estie vraiment le fin du registre de l'Eglise de la Patente au 
Spital Fields, incorporie dans l'Eglise de Londres au meme terns que 
celle de l'Artillerie. 

L DE LA CftAUMETTE. 

Londres, le 2d de Juillet 1791." 

The ministers at this church appear to have been — 

Charles Souchet 
Guillaume Bardon . . 
Benj n de Daillon 
Jean Forent 
Jean Louis Malide 
Henry Gervais 
Thimotee Baignoux 
Samuel Mettayer . . 
Simon Canold 
Barth Ballaquier . . 
Anthoine Blane 
De Farcy 



NoelValot duVal 
Jaques Cartaut 
Jean Baron 
Jean de la Salle 



1688— 25th November. 



1692 — 24th August. 
1689— 21st July. 
1694 — 19th January. 
1696— 15th November. 
1699— 5th February. 
1700— 22nd September. 



172 

Jean Balguerie .. .. 1700— 29th September. 

Jacob Gillet . . i 

D ; „. ,,. > .. 1704— 16th June. 

Pierre Kicottier . . j 

Amaury Fleury . . . . 1705 — 15th February. 

■ Bourgeois . . . . ,, — 23rd September. 



Casamajor . . . . ,, — 2nd December. 

Paul Fourestier . . . . 1708 — 22nd August. 

Pierre Barbault . . . . 1709 — 18th September. 



1711— 8th March. 



Jean Jaques Favre . . | 

Jean Delpeche . . j 

Jean Jembelin (died 26th December 1727) 1713 — 12th April. 

Michel Colombe* .. .. 1718— 19th January. 

Jean Balguerie, from Wheeler Street Chapel, chosen 1725 — 24th 
March, vice Colombe, died 1753. 

F. D. Cregut, 1712, resigned in 1716. 

Du Plessis, vice Cregut. 

Jaques Laborier.f 

Daniel De Beaufort, 1728 — 16th June, vice Jemblin.J 

Charles Barbe, 1729— 18th May, vice de Beaufort. 

Jean Manuel, 1730, vice Barbe, died 1754. 

Jean Francois Bellamy, 1754, vice Manuel, retired in 1755 in ill 
health. 

Sam 1 Javan, 1755, minister of St. Jean, vice Bellamy. 

Phil Masson, removed to this chapel with the congregation of 
Wheeler Street in 1742. 

Sam 1 Beuzerille. 

Jean Gaspard Mieg. 

Francois Gauterel, 1753, vice Balguerie, retired in 1786, on the 
union of this church with the London Walloon Church. 

EXTRACTS FROM BAPTISMS. 

1708 Marie d of Augustine Poynter and Marie Gogay. 

* Admitted into the corporation and the seal of the corporation affixed 1st 
March 1718. He was admitted into the church by the synod of Bois le due in 
May 1713. 

■f Returned to France and, it is said, reconciled himself to the Roman Catholic 
religion : the same was also said of M. Basset, Faugeron, and Paravisol. 

X His appointment and incorporation under the seal of the corporation is 
still among the papers at the London Walloon Church. 



173 

1708 Isaac s of Pierre Warroquier and Marie Martin. 

1713 Pierre s of Pierre Hanrot and Franc 6 Maniglij. 

1718 Louis s of Michel Devisme and Judith Bretel. 

1743 Louise d of Phillip Scudamore and Marie Fraillon. 

1689 Sam 1 s of Isaac Brunet and Anth tte Froment. 

1691 Ann Charl e d of Jean Barbot and Charl e Sus e Drelincourt. 
1695 Marie d of Francois de la Mere and Judith La Cire. 
1781 Anne Fran 5 d of Jean Louis David. 

EXTRACTS FROM THE MARRIAGES. 

1693 Gaston Martineau M tre Chirurgien son of Elie Martineau and 
Marg te Barbesson, and Marie Pierre d of W m Pierre and 
Marie Jourdain de Diepe en haut Normandie. 

1692 Ambroize Pointer and Judith a Lavoyne. 

1711 Jacque Brunet W r s of Jean B. and Magd. Chauvigneaux, 

and Louise Labourin W° of Isaac Mestayer. 
1711 Elie Barre and Jeane Jollin of Bristol. 
„ Valentine Bretel son of Peter Bretel and Cath e Metais and 

Anne Deheulle. 
On the 29th December 1716, the consistory granted the nuptial 
benediction to Pierre le Court and Marie Poitevin, who had been 
married some years before in the presence of their relatives, but had 
not received the nuptial benediction, there being no Protestant 
minister in their neighbourhood, and they were unwilling to receive 
it of a Popish priest, as that would have compelled them to have 
assisted at mass. 



EGLISE DE CRISPIN STREET. 

This chapel was situate in Crispin Street, Spital Fields, 
and the congregation was formed about 1693, upon the disper- 
sion of that which was congregated by M. Laborier in the 
Artillery Ground. By the scandalous conduct of this minis- 
ter, a great part of his flock left him, and formed this congre- 
gation in Crispin Street. It was connected with the chapels of 
West Street and Perle Street, and these three consistories were 



174- 

accustomed to meet for their general business. In 1700, they 
met " en l'Eglise de Blak-frayers/' to consider of the union 
of Crispin Street and Perle Street, which appears to have 
taken place about this period. 

The last baptism at Crispin Street, was on the 1 1 th October 
1716, about which time the congregation was dissolved, and 
the chapel was sold on the 21st November 1717 by M. Yver 
and M de du Val to Mr. De la Place, who immediately dis- 
posed of it to the consistory of La Patente. 

The registers are comprised in two small quarto volumes 
(b. 9 and b. 10.) The first volume is intituled — 

" Au nom de Dieu, Livre des Baptemes de l'Eglise Francoise de 
Crispine Street, 1694 — Ainsy que des Manages." 

The second volume is indorsed — 

"Registre des Actes et Baptaime de Crispen Street, du depuis 
L'an 1699 jusqua 1716," " et Perle Street," ("il paroit que Perle 
Street c'est joint a Crispen Street, en l'an 1710.") 

The first twenty- five pages are occupied with the actes of 
the consistories, and at page twenty-seven begin the baptisms, 
which extend from 20th September 1710 to 11th October 1716. 
One series of entries ends at page seventy-six, and another series 
commences at page one hundred and twenty-one. This last 
series appears to contain the baptisms at Perle Street, and it 
is not improbable that the registers of both these congregations 
were at some period bound up together. 

The ministers at this chapel were — 



Barthelemy Basset 

Delbec 

De la Loe 

De la Place 

Pons 

N. Duval 

Durete (1716)* 



J. Gillett 
A. P. Fleury 

La Prade to 1699 

Yver 

Forestier 

E. Matthy 
Babault 



* Durete. — He was chaplain to a Regiment commanded by Gen 1 Macartney 
and to another commanded by Lord Cobham — a man of choice learning' and 
fine parts. — (DubourdieiCs Ansr. 8vo. 1718.J 



175 



BAPTISMS. 

1711 Jean Planque, s of Jean P. and Eliz. Watt. 

Noelle du Rye, d of Pierre du Rye and Noelle de Douvre. 
1695 Judith, d of Sam 1 de la Mare and Judith Lionel. 

MARRIAGES. 

1701 Rene Moreau and Louise Grenier. 
Jaques Gillet, Minister, and Jeane Mestre. 

1702 Elie Bertrand and Jeane Bargeau. 

S r Jean de la Fons and Sus e Massienne. 

1703 S r Jeremie Thomasin and Marthe Bouchet. 
,, Pierre Maistivier and Jeane Porcherau. 

1705 Gille Gay and Rachel Totains. 

1706 Jean Castaing and Anne Lormier. 
1708 Claude Wallingham and Anne Mason. 
1710 Jean le Caine and Marthe Herve. 



EGLISE DE PERLE STREET. 

This small congregation was formed in 1697, under the 
ministry of the Rev. Jacques Laborie ;* it was incorporated 
with Crispin Street about 1700, or 1710, and the register of 
the baptisms, &c. is to be found in the Crispin Street register, 
and in the large folio register called the "Repertoire General" 
and marked b. 1. 

The following are from the baptisms — 



1698 Marie DifFais 

1699 Sus e Buillon 

1700 Pierre La Rote 



1700 Pierre Mat w Orange 
Ab m Heuse 
Pierre Marrettes 



BELL LANE, SPITAL FIELDS. 
This was a small congregation. In 1718 their minister was 
M. Liegeois, and he had been there three years. 

* It was formed by M. Laborier after he had in some measure recovered his 
disgrace, but two or three years afterwards he abandoned it and left the King- 
dom. Various ministers did duty for a short time, and as the lease was nearly 
expired, this church was joined to that of Crispin Street. 



176 

L'EGLISE DE SWAN FIELDS, SLAUGHTER STREET. 

This was a small congregation of poor French Protestants, 
which appears to have existed from 1721 to 1735. Their 
register is intituled thus — 

" Nostre aide et commencement soit ail nom de dieu qui a fait le 
ciel et la Terre, a ment." 

" Registre des baptaime et des manages de les Eglise de Swan 
Fiels de l'ennee 1721." 

The Rev. Henry Briel was Pastor. 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

1722 Francois Haurard and Marie de Heuille W° 

1725 Phil. Avrard and Ann Cath. Morel. 

1726 Pierre Hugue and Dauphine Audemar. 



WHELER STREET CHAPEL. 

This chapel was in Wheler Street, Spital Fields, and was 
dedicated to the service of the French Protestants on the 16th 
May 1703. Sir George Wheler by his Will, dated 23rd 
May 1719, directs his devisees to permit a French minister 
from time to time, and for ever thereafter to inhabit in the said 
tabernacle house, and to enjoy the last mentioned premises 
with the appurtenances, and to officiate in the said tabernacle 
in the French tongue, according to the book of Common 
Prayer used in the Church of England; and he thereby en- 
joined such French minister to officiate accordingly. 

This congregation was incorporated with La Patente in 
Spital Fields on the 14th of March 1742, on which occasion 
it was determined that this chapel should be closed, and that 
the minister M. Masson should preach the third sermon at 
La Patente, receiving £50. per annum as his stipend. 

The four registers of Wheler Street chapel are marked b. 5, 
b. 6, b. 7, and b. 8. B. 5 is a small quarto, endorsed — 



177 



" Registre des Manages et Baptesmes de Whiller Street, depuis 
L'an 1703 Jusqu'a 1712. 

The first entry is on the 16th May 1703, " jour de la 
dedicace." The last entry in regular order is the 30th No- 
vember 1712, but on a subsequent page are the baptisms in 
1740, of Joseph Simon and Mary Evans. 

B. 6 is a folio volume of marriages and baptisms, en- 
dorsed — 

" Registre des Manages et Baptaime de Whiller Street, du de- 
puis le 12 Decembre 1712, jusqu'au 2 d Aoust 1727." 

B. 7 is another folio volume, containing marriages and 
baptisms from 13th August 1727 to 19th December 1739. 

B. 8 is another folio with only fourteen leaves written on, 
containing marriages and baptisms from 16th January 1740 to 
21st December 1741. 

The ministers officiating at this church, were — 



Delasalle 

Baron 

P. Ricotier 

Le Blanc 

Jean Balguerie* 
P. Babault 

Fleury 

J. D. Cregut 
GiUet 



1711 



1704 



1705 



Hiver 

de la Chapelle 



Fr. Du Plessis 
P. De la Douespe 
Philip Masson 

Coderc 

Sam 1 Say, &c, &c. 
( Prefontaine 1 7 16) 



EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTERS. 

Moyse Vivier and Judith Dede. 

S r Jean Guindon and Judith Bridge. 

S r Jean Du Mont and Dame Eliz. Vivier. 

S r Jaques Thebaut and Marye Sargeant. 

S r Andre Miaille and Marie Collin. 

S r Sam 1 Le Fevre and Marie Simon. 

S r Jehan Guillet and Marie Ridou. 

S r Daniel Le Sieur and Sus e des Noyers. 



* Left this church for the patente, 1725. 
Z 



178 



1709 S r Isaac Dalvy and Mariane Le Four. 

1712 Lorens Rieut and Jaquine Doree. 

,, Jean Le Gue and Sus e Ouvris. 

1715 Pierre Lombard and Judith Gent. 

,, Jean Larchevesque and Ester Fret. 

1717 Jacob Gaudon and Judith de Villers. 
„ Michel Giraud and Valentine Verkin. 

1718 Pierre Triquet and Marie Pellet. 

,, Remond Bresson and Marie Eliz. Marthe la Mothe, 

,, Isaac Calvairac and Rachel de la Fond. 

,, Franc s de Falquerolle and Marg 1 Bertault. 

1 725 Jean du Clos and Marie Rossignol. 
,, Henry Rouviere and Marie Philipon. 

1726 Jean de la Mere and Marg te Quenel. 
„ GuilP Senecal and Marie Jane Obry. 

1727 Tho s Le Chevalier and Cath e Colin. 

„ Ab m Le Febure and Marie Marthe Bourdon. 

Ab m Le Conte and Marie Magd. Le Souer. 

„ Jaques Jagot and Marie Roy. 

„ David Betembo and Eliz. Malfuson. 

1736 Isaac Le Play, Esq. and Dame Jeane Saint. 

„ Isaac Le Play, Esq. and Sus e Campard. 

„ Josue Ferrant and Judith Madel. Martin, Wo. 

„ Pierre Grellier and Louise Eliz. Cresse. 

1 740 Urbain Rolland and Anne Augizeau. 

„ Louis Brunet and Marie Anne Hebert. 

1741 Noble Williaume Paul and Eliz. Tuquet. 



L'EGLISE DE L'HOPITAL, AFTERWARDS L'EGLISE 

NEUVE, 

Church Street, Spital Fields. 

On the 11th August, 3 Jac. II. letters patent were granted, 

which after reciting that the French church had a lease of 

premises in Long Hedge Field in which they have old alms 

houses,, which they must soon pull down, permits them to build 



179 

a temple bordering on Black Eagle Street and Grey Eagle 
Street, to be fifty-four feet broad, and eighty feet long ; this 
was called Le Temple de VHopital. At the termination of 
the lease, the freeholder demanded an exorbitant sum for the 
freehold, whereupon they bought for £900. the piece of ground 
at the corner of Church Street. Upon this ground was built, 
about 1742, VEglise Neuve, James the II. having been graci- 
ously pleased upon the humble petition of the minister, elders, 
and deacons of the French Church in Threadneedle Street, to 
grant unto them or their trustees license to erect a new church 
and a charity school at the corner of Church Street and Brick 
Lane, in the county of Middlesex, upon the ground which had 
been purchased by the donation of a charitable family belong- 
ing to the congregation. To hold to them and their successors 
with all immunities and privileges to such church belonging, 
for the service of God, after their usual manner.* It is a very 
large and handsome brick building, and is now rented by the 
Wesleyans, of the London French Church, at one hundred 
guineas per annum. 

The register is a folio volume, (a. 7,) intituled — 

" Registre des Batemes qui se celebrent dans l'Eglise Neuve en 
Spital Fields, commence ce Decembre 1753." 

It extends from 23rd December 1753 to 19th March 1809. 
The entries appear to be ticked and transcribed into another 
book (" couche sur le grand Registre.") 



PETTICOAT LANE, SPITAL FIELDS. 
Petticoat Lane, formerly called Hog Lane, stands near 

* Privy Seal Office. By warrant under His Majesty's royal sign manual, 
July 1742. 

The foundation of a new French church was laid at the corner of Church 
Street, Spital Fields, at the cost of £15,000., to be raised by a voluntary sub- 
scription among the French Protestants.— (Newspaper, October 1742 J 



180 

Whitechapel Bars, and runs northwards towards Spital Fields. 
On both sides of this lane in ancient times were hedge rows 
and elm trees with pleasant fields, and gentlemen used to 
have their houses there for the benefit of the air. In the reign 
of James I. Count Gondamar, the Spanish Ambassador, had 
his house there, also Hans Jacobson, jeweller to the same 
king, in whose house Mr. Strype the celebrated historian was 
born. When the French Protestants fled to this country, they 
resided principally in this neighbourhood, and Petticoat Lane 
soon rose into a regular row of. buildings on both sides of the 
way. In later times it has been more disreputably inhabited, 
being a common receptacle for thieves and other notorious 
characters.* 

In Boar's Head Yard in this place there was a meeting 
house, which is said to have been originally used by the 
Papists, since which it has been used by various congregations 
of Dissenters. f 

It is probable that it was about 1694 used by a congrega- 
tion of French Protestants, for in that year the consistories of 
St. Jean and Leicester Fields were in union with the con- 
sistory of ff Petticoat Lane," and appointed two ministers to 
officiate for the three churches. — (See PEglise de St. Jean.) 
In 1691, Noel Labyaswas chosen elder of the church in Petti- 
coat Lane. 



WAPPING. 
In several documents the French Church at Wapping is 
mentioned, but the exact situation is not discovered.? 
The following ministers officiated — 



* Maitland's Lond., vol. ii. p. 1009. f Wilson's Dissenting Churches. 

X Query— if in Long Hedge Lane, and if the congregation of rArtillerie met 
here at first. 



181 



Charles L'Astre .. .. .. 1711 

DelaPrade .. .. .. 1716 

Peter Henry de Gaujeac* 

Francis Beaupin . . . . . . 1 742 

Jean Le Mounier . . . . • . 1747 



A FRENCH CHURCH IN BLACKFRIARS. 
The locality of this chapel is not now to be traced. The 
ministers were — 

Privatf .. .. .. (1716) 

Rouire .. .. .. (1716) 

Grongnet .. .. .. 1710 



PEST HOUSE. 
The Pest House was situate somewhere at the East end of 
London. It is occasionally noticed in documents relating to 
the French Protestants ; by these it appears that in 1 706, a 
M. Fontaine was the minister. 



THE HOSPITAL FOR POOR FRENCH PROTESTANTS. 

This institution originated at the latter end of the 17th or 
beginning of the 18th century, by some of the Refugees who 
possessing the means, had the inclination to succour their fel- 
low countrymen, many of whom were totally destitute. 

James de Gastigny, who had been master of the buck hounds 
to William III. when Prince of Orange, having in 1708 left 

* Died March 1742. He was the last of the ministers who left France on 
the Revocation. 

f In 1718 he was curate to the Rev. Mr. Beauvoir at Guernsey. 



182 

£1,000. for building a hospital or asylum, the distributors of 
the royal bounty, who had the management of the legacy, accu- 
mulated the interest for eight years, and afterwards by volun- 
tary contributions, effected the purchase of the first piece of 
land,* and the erection of a building for the reception of eighty 
poor persons. 

George I. then granted them letters patent, dated 24th July 
1718, by which the managers were created a corporation, under 
the title of " The Governor and Directors of the French 
Hospital for poor French Protestants and their Descendants 
resident in Great Britain." 

The chapel of the establishment was dedicated in the midst 
of a great concourse of French Refugees. Divine service was 
celebrated in it for the first time by Mr. Menard, minister of 
the French Chapel Royal, and secretary of the corporation, on 
the 12th November 1718. From this period donations and 
legacies multiplied, and the corporation were soon enabled to 
purchase more land and erect additional buildings, and to open 
an asylum for two hundred and thirty poor. This continued 
until 1760, when in consequence of the falling off of subscrip- 
tions, and the increased price of every article of consumption, 
the number of poor was reduced to sixty, and the hospital now 
contains thirty-six women and fourteen men, who are well fed 
and clothed, and supplied with medical attendance and every 
comfort to cheer them in their old age. The Charterf only 

* On the 27th March 1716, they purchased a piece of ground in the parish of 
St. Luke's, Middlesex, of the Ironmonger's Company for nine hundred and 
ninety years; and in 1736, they took of the City of London a contiguous spot 
of ground for a term of nine hundred and seventy years, forming altogether an 
area of about four acres and a half. 

In 1808, they obtained an Act of Parliament enabling them to let their land 
on building leases, and by this means their revenue is improved. By the re- 
cent proceedings in the Court of Chancery, respecting the property of the 
Norwich French Church, this hospital will take, under the decree of the Court, 
the surplus income, after the deduction mentioned in the Chapter on the Nor- 
wich French Church. 

t The Charter under the Privy Seal, appoints Henry de Massue, Marquis 



183 



requires that they shall be French Protestants or their de- 
scendants,, who shall have been residing in Great Britain for 
the space of six months at least, and that upon admission they 
shall take the oaths of allegiance, supremacy, and abjuration. 

THE GOVERNORS OF THE HOSPITAL. 



1720 Philippe Hervart, Baron 

d'Huningue 

1721 Jean Robethon, Conseil- 

lier Prive 

1722 Guy de Vicouse, Baron 

de la Court 

1728 MoysePujolas 

1729 Paul Buissiere 
1739 Pierre Cabibel 



1729 
1734 

>> 
1738 
1740 



1752 



1754 



1766 



THE FOLLOWING HAVE 

Jean Motteaux 
Major Isaac de Bruse 
Jean Bosanquet 
D r Rene de Comarque 
Gen 1 Louis Dejean 
Capt" Pierre de la Pri- 

maudaye 

Sir John Lequesne 
Sir John Ligonier, K. B. 
JeanJaq s Majendie, D.D. 
Sam 1 Pechel, Master in 

Chancery 

Col 1 Ruvigny de Cosne 
Simon Dalbiac 
Col 1 Cha s Montolieu 
Gen 1 W m RufFane 



1745 Jaques Gualtier 

1748 Jean Ligonier, Compte 

Ligonier 
1770 Guillaume Bouverie, 

Compte de Radnor 
1776 Jean Buissiere 
1781 Jean de Blagny 
1789 Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 

Compte de Radnor 

BEEN OF THE DIRECTORY. 

1766 Col 1 Jaq s Gabriel Mon- 
tresor 
„ Benjamin Harenc 
1780 Anthoine Chamier 
1789 Pierre Nouaille 

Hon. Philippe Pusey 
1769 General Jean Carnac 
„ Jean Durand, M. P. 
,, Col 1 Charles Vignoles 
,, Estienne Thes. Jansen, 

Bart. 
,, Josue Mauger, M. P. 
Guill e Devaynes, M. P. 
Capt" Jaq s Barbut 
„ Sir Paul Pechel, Bart. 
1773 Jean Louis Petit, M. D. 



de Ruvigny, Earl of Galloway, to be the first governor ; James Baudoin, 
deputy governor; and thirty-seven persons therein named, to be directors: 
empowers them to have a common seal, to purchase lands, to take devises of 
land, &c, not exceeding £500. per annum, to appoint a treasurer, and ser- 
vants, to make bye laws, and to appoint a minister to perform divine service in 
the hospital, after the Rites of the Church of England, &c, &c, 



184 



1773 Capt n Geo. Brisac 

Dan 1 Pierre Lay ard, M . D . 
,, L* Gen 1 Henry Clinton 
de Vilettes 
1777 Maj or Gen 1 Lay ard 
Louis Duval 



1783 Capt n Dumaresq, R. N. 

1786 Sir Sam 1 Romilly 

1804 Francis Maseres, Baron 

of the Excheq r 
1839 Sir Jn° Peter Boileau, 

Bart. 



The following is a list of the chaplains of the French Hos- 
pital from its commencement. 

Elected. 

Rev. Duplessis . . 1720— July 6th, . 

Lemoine . . 1723 — April 3rd, . 

174^ — January 6th, 

-March 2nd, . 



Jaques Duplessis 
Louis Villette 
Jean Carle . . 
Pierre Lescure 
Th. Abauzit 
George Lawrence 
Joseph Claude Meffre 



resigned. 



died 



2 

1763- 

1768— July 27th, .. 

1790— May 20th, .. resigned. 

1803— July 20th, .. 

1820— March 15th, 

1826— Dec. 20th, the late Chaplain. 

In the principal room of the building are portraits of the 
Earl of Galway, Col 1 Ligonier, Mr. Duval, &c, &c. 



L'ECOLE DE CHARITE FRANCAISE PROTESTANTE DE 

WESTMINSTER. 

President, Le Compte de Radnor. 

This school, which is in Windmill Street, Tottenham Court 
Road, was established in 1747 for the clothing, board, and 
education of a certain number of girls, children of French 
Refugees. The annual subscriptions are between £50. and 
£60. ; but it appears that the interest of the money in the 
funds belonging to the charity amounts to £208. 15s. per 
annum. 



185 




THE DUTCH CHURCH, AUSTIN FRIARS, LONDON. 



CHAPTER VIII 



THE DUTCH CHURCHES IN LONDON, NORWICH, COLCHESTER, 
YARMOUTH, HALSTEAD, SANDWICH, MAIDSTONE, DOVER, 

CANVEY ISLAND, STAMFORD, AND THETFORD THE DUTCH 

CHAPEL ROYAL. 



THE DUTCH CHURCH, AUSTIN FRIARS, LONDON. 

The Flemings, forming part of the body of strangers, were 
incorporated by Edward VI. and were settled as a congrega- 
tion in Austin Friars. By the letters patent, dated 24th July 
1550, it was ordered — 

" Quod idem superintend ens et ministri in re et nomine sint et 
erunt unum Corpus corporatum et politicum, de se per nomen ' Su- 
perintendentis et Ministrorum Ecclesise Germanorum et Aliorum 
peregrinorum in fundatione Regis Edwardi Sexti in Civitate Lon- 
dinense.' " 

a2 



186 



and John a'Lasco* was appointed to be the first superin- 
tendant, and Gualterus Deloenus, Martinus Flandrus, Fran- 
ciscus Riverius, and Richardus Gallus to be the first four 
ministers. 

From the following notice in the Acta Regia, it would appear 
that they had had the use of the church of the Austin Friars 
nearly two hundred years previously, unless the circumstance 
of the Flemings being there, be attributable to their having 
taking sanctuary in this church. 

"In the rebellion of Wat Tyler 1381 they executed many Flem- 
ings as well as Englishmen ; they brought thirteen Flemings out of 
the Augustine Friars' Church in London, and seventeen out of 
another church, and thirty-two in the Vintry, and so in other places 
of the city, as also in Southwark, all which they beheaded, except 
they could plainly pronounce " bread and cheese ;" for if their speech 
sounded anything on " brot " or ' ' cawse," off went their heads, as a 
sure mark they were Flemings." 

Edward VI. in his diary has the following minute — 

" 29th June. It was appointed that the Germans should have 
the Austin Friars for their church to have their service in, for avoid- 
ing of all sects of Anabaptists and such like." 

It was called the Temple of Jesus, and in three of the South 
windows on painted glass, is the following : 



35 



IESVS 
TEPLE. 



50 



"In 1560 the church had for their chief elder, Johannes Uten- 
hovius, a man of noble rank and quality, and formerly assistant to 
a'Lasco. Their ministers were Deloene, Hadrianus, Hamstedius, 
and Gotofridus Wyngius. Another learned foreigner belonging to 
this church was Jacobus Acontius, who with Hamstedius was touched 
with anabaptistical and arian principles, and had divers followers 
shrowding themselves under the wings of this church." 



* Strype says he was a Polish nobleman, who had left his native country 
with the leave of the King of Poland, by whom he was well known and beloved. 
Strype's Cranmer has an engraving of him. 



18/ 

In 1566 the King of Spain having complained that his 
subjects of the Low Countries had been harboiired in England, 
the Queen directed Bishop Grindall to take their names. The 
ministers of the church accordingly sent him a book signed by 
themselves and the elders or overseers of the church, containing 
the names of such as having been or lived in Brabant or 
Flanders, were then of the " Belgic German Church London," 
together with a character of their sobriety ; many of whom 
planted themselves in Southwark for the convenience of their 
trades ; these amounted in all to 310 persons. The list in 
Strype's Life of Grindall, App.* No. XV. is intituled thus— 

" Catologus eorum qui ex Ditione Philippi Hispaniarum Regis 
Ecclesise Belgico Germanicse Londinensi subsunt." 

And amongst the names, are the following — 

Van Home, Speelman, Dottegnie, Jacopsen, Jacobs, Smidts, 
Knoipe, Tessmaker, Provoost, Bogardt, Van Pene, &c. 

The superintendency of a'Lasco seemed to extend not only 
to this particular congregation of Germans, but over all the 
other churches of foreigners set up in London, as also over 
their schools of learning and education. They were all subject 
to his inspection, and within his jurisdiction ; and Melancthon 
in an epistle to him in the month of September 1551, speaks 
of the purity of doctrine in his churches. He was a great friend 
of Erasmus, was with him at his death, and became possessed 
of his library.f — (Strype's Cranmer.J 

* In Strype's Grindall is also a list of 120 strangers who had been prose- 
cuted for Religion, and frequented the English, French, Dutch, or Italian 
churches. 

f Alasco wrote a book of the services and discipline of the church of the 
Strangers. It was translated into French with the following title : 

"Toute la forme et maniere du Ministere Ecclesiastique en l'Eglise des 
estragers, dressee a Londres en Angleterre, par le prince treffidele dudit pays, 
le Roy Edouard VI. de ce nom : L'an apres l'incarnation de Christ 1550, avec 
le privilege de sa majestie a la fin du livre. Par M. Jean a Lasco, Baron de 
Polonie. Traduit de Latin en Francois, et imprime par Giles Ctematius, 1556. 
Que toutes choses se fassent honestemens et par ordre en l'Eglise. I Corinth. 34. 



188 

In 1552, some of the Dutch congregation were molested for 
not attending the parish church according to statute, where- 
upon a'Lasco obtained an order in Council, November 4th 
1552, whereby it was ordered — 

" That the Bishop of London should confer with John a Lasco, 
and between them, devise some good means for appeasing the dis- 
quiet lately happened in the strangers' church in London, upon exe- 
cution of the statute for coming to church. And in the mean while, 
till the matter may be further considered, to suffer the said strangers 
to repair to their accustomed church, as they were wont to do."— 
Strype,p. 240. 

These strangers on the accession of Queen Mary " were dis- 
solved and glad to flee into foreign parts, and the members of 
this church settled themselves, — some in Poland, others in 
Friezeland." But at the Queen's death many of them returned 
to England. 

" On the arrival of Utenhovius at Francfort, he received letters of 
commendation from Bullinger to Queen Elizabeth. With these he 
proceeded to England, taking with him Peter de Loene, a minister, 
son of Walter, who being arrived here was admitted to serve this 
church with Hamstedius.* Utenhovius and De Loene brought over 
with them King Edward's Charter to this church, and petitioned for 
its confirmation, which appears to have been withheld as it was not 
convenient to have another superintendent over a church (and that a 
stranger) besides the Bishop of the Diocese. To remedy this the 
church appointed Grindall, Bishop of London, to be their superinten- 
dent, who on all occasions shewed himself their patron. The Queenf 

* "About 1559 one Adrian Hamstedius a learned preacher came to England 
from Zealand and gathered a congregation of his countrymen. He was chosen 
their minister, and got liberty to perform his function of preaching God's word 
to them ; which he did sometimes in Christ Church and sometimes at St. Mar- 
garet's and other places." 

" In 1560 he was convened before Bishop Grindall for favouring some Dutch 
Anabaptists, and refusing to renounce certain errors, the Bishop excommuni- 
cated him, soon after which he retired beyond the sea." 

f In the year 1564 Guilliam Boonen, a Dutchman, became the Queen's 
coachman, and was the first that brought the use of coaches into England.— 



189 

then gave them a letter for her purveyor to empty the said church, 
or temple, of all casks and vessels, and other stuffs wherewith it was 
filled in Queen Mary's days, (laying up there her naval stores and 
such like things) and to restore the said strangers to the possession 
of the said temple." 

"In 1575 the condition of the people of the Low Countries was 
so sad, that great numbers of them had fled over hither and desired 
to join with the Dutch Church in London, and to become members 
thereof. Yet so tender was the Queen of breaking with that proud 
and powerful Prince, the King of Spain, that she would not admit of 
this, nor give countenance to such as fled away out of these coun- 
tries under his subjection. For it is remarkable what is set down 
and recorded in a journal* of the Dutch Church in London, written 
by Simeon Ruytinck, one of their ministers in those times, and yet 
preserved in their church. — (That when divers foreigners had come 
hither on account of religion and desired to be admitted in commu- 
nion with the rest of the Dutch Church, the Queen hearing of it, 

Stow. It is added elsewhere that after a while divers great ladies (with as 
great jealousy of the Queen's displeasure) made them coaches and rid in them 
up and down the countries, to the great admiration of all the beholders. — (Col- 
lection of divers curious historical pieces, p. 16. J The wife of this Guilliam 
was the first who starched the Queen's cambric ruffs, which were then substi- 
tuted for those made of fine Holland. — (Stow's Annals, 867. J 

"It was in the year 1564 that Mrs. Dinghen vanden Plasse, who was born at 
Teenen in Flanders, and was the daughter of a Knight of that province, came 
to London with her husband for safety ; she was the first who taught starching 
in those days of impurity. — Our historians go farther, and condescend to inform 
us that her price was about £5. to teach how to starch, and £20. how to seeth 
starch ; and that in a little time she got an estate, being greatly encouraged by 
gentlemen and ladies." p. 25. 

Stow, in his Annals, adds "some very few of the best and most curious wives 
of that time, observing the neatness and delicacy of the Dutch for whiteness 
and fine wearing of linen, — made them cambric ruffs and sent them to Mrs. 
Dignhen to starch, and after a while they made them ruffs of lawn which was 
at that time a stuff most strange and wonderful, and thereupon rose a general 
scoff or by word that shortly they would make ruffs of a spiders' web, and then 
they began to send their daughters and neatest kinswomen to Mrs. Dinghen to 
learn how to starch." 

* This is still preserved amongst the Records of the Dutch Church. 



190 

commanded the Lord Mayor to disperse them from London. Where- 
upon they applied to the Bishop of London to represent their case to 
the Queen and Council,) who did so, and the Council sent a letter 
in answer to the said church, June 29th 1574 that that church should 
advise those new members to depart from London (where they were 
more obvious to be taken notice of by King Phillip's spies) and to go 
to other parts of the kingdom, where there were also churches of Pro- 
testant professors ; which that church accordingly did."* — Stri/pe's 
Annals, II. p. 386. 

In 1563 the Dutch congregation in London was disturbed 
by one Justus Velsius, a foreigner of the Hague, who being 
" one Thursday in March at a prophesy (as it was called) in 
the church where Nicolas, one of the ministers, preached upon 
the doctrine of regeneration" stood up and contradicted him, 
and challenged him and Peter de Loene the other minister to 
an argument. His wild proceedings are noticed at length in 
Strype's Annals, Vol. I. cap. 34, by which it appears he was 
ultimately forbid the kingdom by the Bishops of London and 
Winchester.f 

" John Peters and Henry Turwert, Flemings born, were adjudged 
and declared heretics for maintaining the false and dangerous opin- 
ion, and sects of Anabaptists : they were burned in West Smithfield 
in 1575."|— (Rymer, 740.J 

"April 7. A certain Arrian of the straungers, a duche man, being 
excomunicated by the congregation of his contriemen, was after long 
disputation condemned to the fire." 

In 1568 the Bishop of London with other of the Queen's 
Commissioners for causes ecclesiastical, made a decree on be- 

* This gave rise no doubt to the establishment of the congregations in the 
various provincial towns hereinafter referred to. 

f A book was published at the time, intituled — "propositions or articles 
drawn out of Holy Scripture, shewing the cause of continual variance in the 
Dutch church of London ; and thoughte meete to be published for staying of 
other congregations which in these daies doe spring vp." 

% One had been burnt there in 1551, as appears by a note in King Edward 
the Sixth's Diary. 



191 

half of the Dutch strangers' church in London. The occasion 
of it was, some of the members having carried themselves dis- 
obediently to the orders of it, and then for avoiding the cen- 
sures, had departed and revolted from it. Upon the petition 
of the church therefore it was decreed ; first that the church 
should continue in its first constitution under its own discipline 
hitherto accustomed, and in its conformity with other of the 
reformed churches ; confirming the ministers, elders, and dea- 
cons of the same church in their ministries and administrations. 
And then exhorting all strangers abiding in the city of Lon- 
don who professed Christ and his gospel, to join themselves to 
that church, and to submit to its holy appointments. And 
further declared all such as had made a defection from this 
church and had caused the late disturbance in it, to be un- 
quiet and stubborn persons, until by repentance they returned 
and gave satisfaction to God and his church; reserving to 
themselves the further restraint and correction of them. This 
was given under their seal the 19th December 1567. — Strype's 
Annals, vol. I. cap. 50. 

The foreigners gave great offence by their retail dealings, 
and in the night of the 5th May 1593, some verses were affixed 
to the wall of this church yard, beginning 

You strangers that inhabit in this land, 
Note this same writing, do it understand ; 
Conceive it well for save guard of your lives, 
Your goods, your children, and your dearest wives. 

The Court hearing of this and of a threatened rising of 2336 
apprentices " to down with the Flemings and strangers," took 
measures for their protection, and " some of the rioters were 
put into the stocks, carted, and whipped, for a terror to other 
apprentices and servants." 

" In an instrument of order dated 9th August 1615, made upon a 
petition of the Dutch Churches of London and Colchester, complain- 
ing of certain persons that offended against the government and 
censures ecclesiastical of their congregation ; Bishop King specified 



192 

how King James I. had extended his gracious favour towards these 
congregations for the continuance «of their quiet residence and habita- 
tion within the said city and town,* and for their successive enjoying 
of their ancient accustomed liberties in the Government of their con- 
gregations among themselves, and with the good liking of the state. 
The Bishop then enjoyned that no member of the said churches that 
had offended, and thereby deserved their censures, should depart 
from those congregations and join themselves to any parish church, 
before he had been either censured for his offence or otherwise 
had reconciled himself unto his respective congregation." — (Strypes 
Annals, vol. I. cap. 50.) 

In 1702 a disturbance took place in the church, caused by 
Emilius Van Cuilembergh, the elder minister, insisting upon 
preaching after he had been forbidden the pulpit. Both par- 
ties petitioned! the Bishop of London as the Superintendent of 
the foreign churches, who made his award, dated 28th Sep- 
tember 1703, directing Cuilembergh to give up the pulpit, the 
house, and pew ; upon which the vestry was to allow him £55. 
per annum, and £20. per annum to his wife Anna Katherina 
Van Keutse, in case she should survive him ; and all the affi- 
davits exhibited against Van Cuilembergh, aspersing his moral 
character, were to be burned. 

There are two registers belonging to this church. The first 
is a long folio, commencing with baptisms, from 16th October 
1570 to 29th December 1601. At the other end of the book 
are marriages from 13th May 1571 to 6th December 1601. 

*" It is not past eighty years ago (i. e. 1520) since there were not in London 
above twelve or sixteen low country merchants, who imported only stone pots, 
brushes, toys for children, and other pedlars' wares ; but in less than forty 
years afterwards there were in London at least an hundred Netherland mer- 
chants who brought thither all the commodities which the merchants of Italy, 
Germany, Spain, France, and Eastland, used to bring into England." 

t The petition stated that he had come to England about 1691, with tes- 
timonials from the classis of Gercum in Holland, and it is signed by Corneli 
Corker, Adrian Old, Rutgert Hartman, Barber Drue, Hendrinck Jalinck, 
Jn° Greenfield, M. D., Ab m Van de Velde, and many others. The junior 
minister was W. Biscop, Jun r ; and the sureties for the vestry were John de 
la Chambre and Justus Otger. 



193 



The other register is a thick long folio, containing baptisms, 
marriages, and burials,- — the baptisms from 3rd January 1602 
to 1838, —marriages from 5th January 1602 to 9th August 
1752,-— and burials from 7th September 1671 to the present 
time. 

In the church of the Austin Friars lie the remains of Edward, 
son of Joan, mother of Richard II., 1375, — Richard, Earl of 
Arundel, 1397, — many of the Barons slain at Barnet Field, 
1471,— The Earls of St. Paul, Hereford, Pembroke, Oxford, 
Nottingham, &c, &c. Of a later date are monuments and 
flat stones to many of the families of Delme, Van Heythusen, 
Grote, Van Notten, Sir Charles Pole, Sir John Silvester, M. D., 
Meyer, Beck, Kesteman, Gronen, Bateman, Othger, &c, &c. 



THE MINISTERS. 



No. 


Year. 


Names. 


Born. 


1 


1550 


Johannes Alasco 


Poland. 


2 


1550 


Martinus Micronius 


Belgian. 


3 


1550 


Walterus Delaenus 


,, 


4 


1559 


Adrianus Hamstedius 


Zealand. 


5 


1560 


Petrus Delaenus 


Holland. 


6 


1562 


Nicolaus Carinaeus 




7 


1563 


Godefridus Wingius 


Belgian. 


8 


1563 


Bartholdus Grulhelme 


Holland. 


9 


1570 


Georgius Wybotius 


>j 


10 


1573 


Johannes Cubus 




11 


1573 


Jacobus Regius 


Belgian. 


12 


1580 


Johannes Sorlot 


,, 


13 


1580 


Johannes Van Roo 


,, 


14 


1581 


Assuerus Regemorterus* 


>j 



N. B. Andreas Jacobus does not appear in this list, but he is said to have 
been a minister here — he was a Lutheran or a Ubiquitarian (as they then stiled 
those who were for the real presence) and caused great quarrels among- the 
strangers. 

* Buried at St. Helen's, Bishopgate, as "Ahasuerus Roger Mortell" 11 Sept. 
1603. 

B2 



194 



No. 


Year. 


Names. 


Born. 


15 


1586 


Lucas Van Peene 


Belgian 


16 


1592 


Jacobus Wybotius 


}} 


17 


1597 


Johannes Marquinus 


London. 


18 


1601 


Johannes Regius 


>> 


19 


1601 


Simeon Ruytinck* 


}> 


20 


1604 


Leonardus Moyart 


Belgian. 


21 


1608 


Ambrosius Regemorterus 


East Friesland. 


22 


1624 


Gulielmus Thilenus 


Zealand. 


23 


1628 


Timotheus Van Vleteren 


England. 


24 


1632 


Jeremias Larenus 


Zealand. 


25 


1639 


Caesar Calandrinus* 


>> 


26 


1640 


Philippus op den Beke 


East Friesland. 


27 


1644 


Jonas Proostius 


England. 


28 


1668 


Samuel Biscop 


Zealand. 


29 


1680 


Gerard Van den Port 


}J 


30 


1686 


Johannes Van Royen 


5J 


31 


1688 


Adrianus Van Oostrum . . 


Holland. 


32 


1692 


Emilius Van Culenborgh* 


„ 


33 


1702 


Willem Biscop 


Zealand. 


34 


1711 


Theodurus Bolten 


Holland. 


35 


1714 


Ludolph de With 


>) 


36 


1718 


Paulus Colignon 


Germany. 


37 


1728 


Herman Van Brachtf 


Holland. 


38 


1735 


Frederik Daniel BongardJ 


Belgian. 


39 


1737 


Marten Adriaan De Tongh 


Holland. 


40 


1740 


Hendrik Van Haemstede 


)> 



* Simeon Ruy thick. — He wrote a history of the Dutch Church in a large 
folio M S. which is now at the Dutch Church. It ended with the year 1620, 
from which period it is continued in another folio book by Csesar Calendrinus 
to 1625, and by Emilius Cuilembergh to 1627. 

f On the 10th November 1733, the Dutch Merchants, between sixty and 
seventy in number, headed by Sir Matthew Decker, Bart, went in procession to 
Somerset House, and being introduced to the Prince of Orange, Mr. Van Bracht 
made a very elegant congratulatory speech in the name of the congregation, 
on his happy arrival.— London Magazine. 

% Died May 1737. 



195 



No. 


Year. 


41 


1751 


42 


1765 


43 


1784 


44 


1801 


45 


1802 


46 


1815 


47 


1830 



Names. 



Born. 



Holland 



East Friesland. 



Holland. 



Henricus Putman 
Melchior Justus Van Effen . . 
Conradus Schwiers, S S. Th. Dr. . . 
Lambertus Henricus Schippers Paal, 

S S: Th. Dr. 
Jan Werninck, S S. Th. Dr. 
Rutgerus Seyen ten Harmsen 
Hendrik Gehle, SS. Th. Dr. 

With reference to the trades carried on by the Dutch, it 
may be remarked that among the papers in the Dutch church, 
is an agreement dated in 1645, between Dierick Hoste, Wm. 
Crosse, John Niclaes, and John Berks of London, merchants, 
of the one part, and John Hulenberch, Philipp Hulenberch, 
Paull Van den Steene, and Chas. Gootnes of Mortlake, Sur- 
rey, tapestry makers, of the other part; whereby the latter 
parties contract for a certain salary to make within ten months, 
"a suit of fyne tapestry called the hunter's chace." The 
former party agree within ten months to pay in money or 
materials to be employed about the said six pieces £540., 
every piece to contain five sticks and a half deep, and all of 
them two hundred and forty sticks square, every stick to be 
worth 45s. sterling. 



NORWICH.— THE DUTCH CONGREGATION. 

Some account has already been given at page 61, of the 
settlement of the French Refugees in this city, and some par- 
ticulars will now be added respecting the Dutch portion of the 
settlers. 

The city, which by Kit's Rebellion in the year 1549, had 
been rendered almost desolate, learned by the settlement of 
the strangers there in 1567, the making of those fine and light 



196 

stuffs which have ever since gone by its name, and have ren- 
dered that city not only opulent, but famous all over Europe. 

By the letters patent, dated the 1st November 1564 already 
referred to, Queen Elizabeth granted authority to the mayor, 
citizens, and commonalty of the city of Norwich, and to their 
successors, and to certain persons therein named, and to such 
others, amounting in the whole to the number of thirty Dutch- 
men of the Low Countries of Flanders, aliens born, not deni- 
zens, being all householders or master workmen, as by the said 
mayor and commonalty under their common seal should be 
licensed to be inhabitants within the said city, to enjoy the 
benefits therein specified, and exercise " the faculties" of 
making certain articles therein mentioned, and such other out- 
landish commodities as had not been used to be made within 
the realm of England. 

These Flemings first planted many choice flowers, before 
unknown in England ; the latest they brought were gilly- 
flowers, carnations, the provence rose, &c. (Anderson's Com- 
merce.) There was also a manufacture of gally-pots, paving 
tiles, and vessels for Apothecaries, set up at Norwich in 1567 
by Jasper Andries and Jacob Janson, Potters, who had come 
from Antwerp to avoid the persecution. In 1570 they removed 
to London and presented the Queen with a chest containing 
their handy- work ; they brought with them the testimonial of 
the Dutch Pastor Balkius, and the elders, deacons, and con- 
gregation, and petitioned Elizabeth that they might follow 
their trade in London without interruption. " They set forth 
in their petition that they were the first which brought in and 
exercised the said sciences in this realm, and were at great 
charges before they could find the materials in this realm. 
That the same science was so acceptable to King Henry VIII. 
that he offered to Jasper's father good wages, and house-room 
to exercise the same in London." — Lansd. MSS. vol. xii. 
58, 59. 

In 1575 the Dutch elders presented in court a specimen of 



197 



a novel work called " Bombazines/' for the manufacturing of 
which elegant stuff this city has ever since been famed. 

In 1570 the art of printing was also introduced into Nor- 
wich by Anthony Solen,* one of the strangers, which was so 
well approved of by the city that they presented him with his 
freedom. — (Bloomfteld.) 

The twenty-four masters appointed for the Dutch in pur- 
suance of their patent, were the following : — 

John Powells 
George Van Exsham 
John Garrett 
Peter Janson 
John de Rhoode 



John Mychelles 
Christian Vrinde 
Gilberde Vijolheers 
John Brijninge 
Geo. Vramboute 
Romaine Debeche 
Francis Trianf 
Francis Myseclome 



John Looten 
Adrian Van Dorte 
Peter Frenim, alias \ 

brughe 
Pascall Clarebote 
Tho. Bateman 
Jerusalem Pottlebergh 
Michel Desonytte 
Francis Dedecre 
John Goose 
Lewis Spillebote 
Will. Steene 



The city assigned to the Dutch congregation the use of the 
quire of the Friers Preachers' Church. They soon afterwards 
prayed the Court to confirm certain articles made by the 
minister of this Dutch church to keep their company in good 
order, with the deliberation and conclusion of the consistory, 
with the deacons and men of communication, February 24th, 



* Libr. Introit. Alien. Anthony Solen, prynter, Jur. Civ. 1570. 

•f* Peter Tryon left the Netherlands on account of the persecution under the 
Duke of Alva ; he is said to have brought property to the amount of £60,000. 
His daughter Mary married Sir Sebastian Harvey, Lord Mayor of London. 
Sir Samuel Tryon was Knighted by King James in 1613. 

Thomas Bonnell, a gentleman of a good family near Ipres in Flanders, who 
to avoid the Duke of Alva's fury, transported himself and family into En 
gland, and settled at Norwich, were he was so well received and so much 
esteemed as to be afterwards chosen Mayor of that city. (Life of Bonnell. J 



198 

1569, being twenty-four in number, and concerned the govern- 
ment of the church, as for choosing twelve elders and twelve 
deacons, administering the Lord's supper four times in the 
year, &c, which articles being put in execution, caused great 
debates and differences among them, so that Isebrandus Bal- 
u kirfs the head minister and his party openly contended with 
Theophilus Rickwaert and Anthony Algoet, the two other 
ministers and their party so much, that they were admonished 
by the Bishop and Mayor to be at peace, but not conforming 
thereto the Bishop directed a commission to the Chancellor, 
the Mayor, Dean Gardiner, and Henry Birde, reader of the 
Thursday divinity lecture, &c. commanding them to call the 
parties before them, try the matter, and punish the offenders 
with banishment, or any way they thought proper, ordering 
that Johannes Paulus, author of all these troubles, whom the 
Bishop commanded to quit the city on the 14th February last, 
should be forthwith sent away. 

A final decree was made in this matter by the Archbishop 
and the rest of the High Commissioners, on the 16th Septem- 
ber 1571, by which all spiritual jurisdiction over them was 
acknowledged to be in the Bishop of Norwich, and neither the 
mayor or citizens were to meddle in causes merely ecclesias- 
tical. It was also decreed that Isbrand Balkins, Theophilus 
Rickwaert, and Anthony Algoet should be displaced from 
their ministry and seniority, and be hereafter incapable to be 
replaced either in Norwich or London, under pain of imprison- 
ment without redemption;* and that Johannes Paulus of Sand- 

* Strype in his Annals (II. p. 113.) gives the following account of this con- 
test. — "These ministers falling in their sermons upon particular doctrines, 
controverted among themselves, preached so earnestly in answers and confir- 
mations one of another, that the congregation was all in confusion and the 
peace of the church broken. Whereupon the Bishop interposed and enjoyned 
them to forbear that manner of preaching one against another. But they 
would not obey, looking upon it as an infringement of the privileges of their 
church for any but the members thereof, with the ministers, to make any orders 
for them. So that at length the business was brought up to the Commission 



199 

wiche should forthwith depart the city of Norwich, and that 
no man entertain him, under pain of imprisonment and £20. 
forfeiture. The congregation were ordered to choose two 
ministers, three seniors, and eight men, and when they had so 
done, to return their names to the Bishop of Norwich to be 
confirmed or rejected; "the persons elected to continue in 
such sorte as was used in the dayes of King Edwarde by the 
prescription of Mr. Alasco, and was practised at the fyrste." 
Romaine de Beche, John Cuttman, Peter Obrye, Francis 
Tryan, Wil Stenne, Peter the Camere, and Charles Harman, 
were commanded not to trouble the peace of their church, un- 
der penalty of being turned out. 

After continued controversy, the Chancellor and Mayor sum- 
moned the parties at the Guildhall, and all wisely conferring 
upon the matter were brought to unity and peace on all sides, 
except the four masters, Anthony Pascheson, Anthony Paulus, 
Jacob de Vos, and John Gherarde who resisted every body, 
and would agree to nothing that either the Chancellor, Mayor, 
Aldermen, and their own countrymen did, and not only re- 
fused to join them, but withheld " The Book of the Dra- 
pereye" belonging to the hall, so that the whole manufacture 
was stopped, for which reason they were committed to prison, 
and laid there seven days, but upon giving up the book they 
were discharged. This book was written in Dutch, and con- 
tained excellent orders and rules about the making of bayes,* 



Ecclesiastical at Lambeth, and the three ministers were all silenced, and others 
put in their rooms ; and since they were excluded there was great peace and 
concord in that church. This was some of the news that the said Bishop wrote 
to Bullinger at Zurich concerning- the affairs of religion here, wherein he relates 
that seventeen of the members of that church were expelled the city for drunk- 
enness." 

Isorandus Balkins was afterwards appointed by the Archbishop as minister 
of the Dutch at Stamford. 

* Stow's London, p. 299, gives a long account of the processes of searching 
and sealing the bays at Norwich, as they were communicated to the Lord 
Treasurer in 1578. 



200 

fustians of Naples-, &c, and concerning the parchmentiers, or 
makers of lace and fringe, and their four wardens, two of 
which were to be English, one Dutch, and one Walloon, yearly- 
elected and sworn before the Mayor ; as also for the caungean- 
tries, tufted mockados, currelles, and all other work mingled 
with silk saitrie, or linen yarn, &c, by which the whole manu- 
facture was well managed. 

Upon the discharge of the four masters, the Council wrote 
to the city, and a return (noticed under the title of the Wal- 
loons at Norwich,) was made of the numbers, manufactures, 
religion, &c, of these strangers. 

Upon the Queen's visit to this city in 1 578, " the minister of 
this Dutch congregation pronounced to Her Majesty an ora- 
tion, and accompanied it with the present of a cup worth £50. 
very curiously and artificially wrought." The oration is thus 
intituled — 

" Oratio ad Serenissimam Anglise Reginam habita 19 Augusti 
1578, a ministro Ecclesise Belgo-germanicse Nordovici in loco pub- 
lico." 

" About the year 1613 there arose great disturbances in the city 
between the citizens and Dutch strangers, who began to attempt to 
exercise the ancient trades of the city, contrary to their agreement 
at their admission, and against the will of the Walloons, who lived 
peaceably and aimed at no such thing ; and they proceeded so far 
without the knowledge of this city or their countrymen as to pro- 
cure a Charter from the King, dated February 6th A Reg. X. by 
which all strangers communicants of the Dutch congregation were 
to come in and use the trade of making any particular stuff, knit 
stockings, dyeing and all foreign draperies, &c, by which they became 
a company independent of the city, or their countrymen ; but after 
much contest George Cook the Mayor procured it to be cancelled, 
by the Privy Council, 13th November 1613, to the great satisfaction 
of the city and French congregation. And it was then determined 
that the strangers according to their first patent should not be as- 
sessed by the Court to the ministers' wages in their parishes for any 
thing but their houses and grounds, the payment for their values and 



201 

stocks being left to their own congregations ; they being to be 
governed by the Bishop as to spirituals, by the city as to temporals, 
and by the elders and deacons as to their own church."* 

By an order in Council, dated the 7th January 1630, it was 
ordered — 

" That all those who are now, or hereafter shall be of the Dutch 
congregation although born within the kingdom, shall continue to be 
of the said church and society, so long as His Majesty shall please, 
without any prejudice to their principles and birthright," — 

to be subject to the discipline, and to contribution for the 
maintenance of the minister and the poor. 

" In 1625 the plague was at Norwich, when Mr, Toby de Hem 
informed the Court that the Dutch congregation had chosen Peter 
Heybaud to look after their infected poor, he was therefore ordered 
to retire himself from company, and never to walk abroad but with 
a red wand a yard and half long, and his wife and family the same, 
and not to go abroad after candle-lighting but on absolute necessity." 

The choir of the church of the Black Friars in Norwich, 
which came at a distant period into the hands of the city, was 
converted into a chapel for the corporation. When service 
ceased here, the Dutch congregation petitioned for it, for a 
place of worship, and it was granted to them, and they used 
it by leave until 1619, and then it was leased to them at 6s. 
8d. per annum, and made convenient for their congregation, 
and called " The Dutch Church." 

In 1650 the Mayor, &c, had the forenoon service here, and 
attended at it instead of the cathedral,f and the Dutch were 
removed to St. Peter's of Hungate, but in 1661 it was restored 
to the Dutch again. In 1687 the Roman Catholics petitioned 
to have it from the Dutch, for the exercise of their religion, 

* Bloomfield, 256. 

f In the Vestry Church of St. Paul is a large brass offering dish, which 
has been gilt, and seems to have been given by some one of the Flemings that 
settled here, for this is round it four times over, HER I LIFRID GRECH° 
WART. 

c2 



202 

but the Dutch kept possession, and then the city assigned them 
the west granary here for that use. The lease to the Dutch 
was made for 200 years, from the 15th June 1713, at £6. 8s., 
per annum. 

THE MINISTERS. 

it Isebrandus Balkms . . • • 1 

'Theophilus'Rickwaert .. .. \ 1569 

Anthony Algoet . . . . . . J 

Theophilus Elizon .. .. ..1644 

Cha s Liebart .. .. .. 1634 

Peter des Reaux .. . . . . . 1717 

— — Bruckner 
— — Grebhart 
Gehle 

The register of this church was referred to in 1717, for the 
purpose of a grant of arms to John Mackerel of Norwich, 
and contained the baptisms of several of his ancestors from 
1593. The extracts are certified by the minister "Peter des 
Reaux Eccl. Belg. Norvic." It is now in possession of one of 
the elders or deacons of the church, but in consequence of 
some disagreement among themselves, the Author has not been 
able to see it, or to procure those particulars respecting the 
congregation which he was desirous of recording in these 
pages. There is now no resident minister, but Dr. Gehle 
goes from London to Norwich occasionally to do duty, and 
the congregation may therefore be presumed to be but small. 



THE DUTCH CHURCH AT MAIDSTONE. 
Those of the Refugees in 1567 who were workers in thread, 
settled at Maidstone, and at the present time there is a build- 
ing on St. Faith's Green, called the Dutch chapel, now con- 
verted into a school. It seems to have been a free chapel, and 
the chancel only is now standing. No register of baptisms, 



203 

&c, is now to be found,* but the Dutch population are thus 
mentioned in the records of the corporation of Maidstone, in 
an assessment in 1585 for the subsidy. f 

" Here after followeth the names of those strangers which were 
borne beyonde sea, and now dwelling in Maydestone the XXXth of 
Maye, and in anno 1585, and paye by their poules." 

Peter de Jonghe, minister of the worde, and his wife . . ij. 

Jan Baudert . . . . . . . . . . j . 

Macynken Buskins, a mayden . . . . . . j. 

Jan de haent and his wife . . . . . . ij. 

Jacques de bock . . . . . . . . . . j . 

Jan Callant and his wife . . . . . . . . ij. 

Jan de Claercke and his wife, with six of his servants . . viij. 

Lawrence van trubben and his wife . . . . ij . 

&c, &c. 

The whole number in Maidstone at that period appears by 
this list to have been one hundred and eleven. 

In the year 1634 there were here about fifty families of these 
foreigners. 

Hasted in his History of Kent, says : 

" There is a manufacture of linen thread carried on in this town, 
introduced here by the Walloons in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, at 
the time they fled from the persecution of the Duke D'Alva, and took 
refuge in England. The Walloon families are now quite worn out, 
though there are some names remaining which seem to have derived 
their origin from them, though the parties who bear them are igno- 
rant whence they had them. J The only remembrance of these Wal- 
loons now left, is the term which the common people give to the flax 
spun for the threadman, which they at this day call Dutch Work" 

* In the Maidstone parish register is the following baptism " 17 Eliz, Eliza- 
beth Vanderbrughe, daughter of Leving Vanderbrughe was baptised at the 
Duche Churche the Xth daie of Julie." 

f This list was contributed by my friend Clement Taylor Smythe, Esq., 
late town clerk of Maidstone. 

t Callant, Clooper, Icksom, Bigeman, Loder, Clark, Bruings, Peene, 
Jacobson. 



204 

But Newton, in his History of the Town, states that the thread man- 
ufacture was carried on here to a great height, and rendered very- 
advantageous to the town, where it still continues, though it is not so 
considerable as when those industrious people and their descendants 
lived here and had the management of it — besides, the same manu- 
facture was some years ago set up in the West of England where 
labour and provisions are cheaper. In the West of England " Maid- 
stone thread" is preferred to most other. 

At a synod held at London in 1634 the Dutch Church at this 
place was represented by their pastor, Jean Miller, and their elder, 
Abraham Van Garle ; and at a synod held in 1644 by M. Calandrin, 
minister. 

Amongst the papers at the Dutch Church in Austin Friars 
are many from this church, between 1593 and 1636, signed — 

Pyeter Vander Haeghen, — Jacob van Corneluise, verbia dminister, 
— Jaques de Benere, Ouderlinck, — Joannes de Muelenaer, " dienar 
des — godlickes woortes," Jan Calant, Jan Vanden Raede, Adrien 
vangore, Danyel de Clerck, Jacob Van Dale, Guiliame de Clerck, 
Ab m Callant,* Ab m Van Goorlye, Jan Baudaert, Pieter Van Orliene, 
Byeney Paene, Adam Van Beckendale, Godefroit Van (Startham,) 
Jacques Oste, Pyeter de Rycke, Daniel Coene, Kerstiad Vander 
Walle, Jaspart Robbyns, Willen de Meyeref, 1572 Ysbrandus Bal- 

kins. One letter is sealed with a seal K, PETRA, HET, 

FOND. 

Another letter is of a very primitive character, directed — 

"Delliver this letter to Master Beckemane's dwelling at Med 
stone ;" and begins thus : — 

'.' Master Beckman, my faithful brother in the Lord, of the Duch 
Church at Medstonne, my harty commendationes is to you, and 
prayer to God for you and for your good wife, and for that good ould 
wommane your mother, and lykewise for that good womman ag- 
gainest the market place that selleth linen, with all her household." 
The writer then recommends as a minister to this church John Mil- 

* At Maidstone, 34 years of age, John Callant, Esq., the last of that 
family who brought from Holland and settled in Maidstone, the advan- 
tageous trade of manufacturing thread. - (Daily Post, April 1742.; 



205 

ler, who, he says " dwelleth at Colchester, being of the Dutch 
Church, a man approved of the church, as Master King to me did 
testify, as lykewise a man wherewith all to live of him selfe." 



THE DUTCH CHURCH AT SANDWICH. 

Those of the Walloon strangers who came over in 1567, and 
who were workers in saves, baize,* and flannels, fixed themselves 
at Sandwich, at the mouth of a haven, by which they might 
have an easy communication with the metropolis and other 
parts of the kingdom, and which afforded them likewise an easy 
export to the continent. They applied to the Queen (Eliza- 
beth) for her protection and licence to settle in this country : 
they chose Sandwich for their residence, and by that means 
prevented the impending impoverishment and decay of the 
town. The Queen in her third year (1561,) caused letters 
patent to be passed under her great seal, directed to the 
Mayor, &c. of this town, to give liberty to such of them as 
should be approved of by the Archbishop and Bishop of 
London, to inhabit within it for the purpose of exercising their 
manufactures, which had not been used before in England, or 
for fishing in the seas, not exceeding the number of twenty-five 
householders, accounting to every household not above twelve 
persons, and there to exercise their trade, and have as many 
servants as were necessary for carrying them on, so that they 
did not exceed the number above mentioned, without any pay, 
hindrance, or molestation whatsoever. The number of persons 
who accordingly repaired to Sandwich was 406. f 

About the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign in the year 
1562, one James Bucer was minister of this congregation, and 



* Hops, reformation, bays, and beer, 
Came into England all in a year. 

COM English Rhyme.) 
t Hasted's Kent, fo. vol. IV. p. 252. 



206 

Strype in his memorials (vol. II. p. 244,) suggests that he 
might have been a son of Martin Bucer. 

It appears by the account of the Colchester Dutch Church, 
that that congregation originated in an emigration of about 
fifty persons from the Dutch church at Sandwich. 

The Dutch at this place used the Church of St. Clement's 
for public service, but there are no traces among the parish 
documents of any register kept by them. It appears that they 
received the rites of baptism, burial, &c, from the priests of 
their respective parishes, although they formed among them- 
selves a congregation distinct from the church."* 

In the vestry book of St. Clement's is an agreement dated 
the 25th March 1617, between the mayor, churchwardens, 
and overseers and inhabitants of Sandwich, and the elders of 
the Dutch congregation for the use of the church of St. 
Clement's. — (Boyss Sandwich, 4to. 346.^ 

About the year 1634 Gasparus Nieren or Nierenius was the 
minister of this Dutch congregation, and the number of the 
Dutch residents was about 500. — fBulteel.J 

In 1668 the congregation petitioned the treasury relative to 
the seizure of some spices, and their petition was referred to 
Mr. Dewy "to report what is to be done in the case." — 
(Treasury Minutes. J 

Gerard de Gols who was rector of St. Peter's Sandwich 
from 1713 to 1737, was also minister of the Dutch congre- 
gation. He wrote several religious tracts and sermons.f and 
died 22nd February 1737.— ( Hasted, p. 285. J 

On the occasion of the Queen's visit to Sandwich in 1573 
the Walloons are mentioned in the Town Records. — 



* Letter from the Rev. T. Brockman, Vicar of St. Clement, Sandwich. 

At the synod held at London 1603, Giles De Mayre, Ancien, represented 
this church j and at that in, 1634 Gaspar Merenius, minister, and Pierre 
Maes, Ancien, were the representatives. 

f Consolations under the Fear of Death, 1711.— Sermons in 1714,-1720 
—1721. 



20/ 

"The nexte daye beinge Tuysdaye, and the First of September, 
the Towne havinge buylded a forte at Stoner, on thother syde of the 
Havon, the Capitaines aforesaid led over their men to assault the 
saide Forte, during w ch tyme certen Wallounds that could well swym 
had ppared two boats, and in thende of eche boate a borde, uppon 
w ch bords stode a man, and so met together w th either of them a staffe 
and a sheld of woodd ; and one of them did over thro we an other. 
At w ch the Queue had good sport." On her departure there were 
" uppon a scaffold made uppon the wall of the scole howse yarde, 
dyvers children English and Dutche to the number of C tfa or yj. score, 
all spynning of fyne bay yarne ; a thing well lyked both of her Ma tie 
and of the Nobilletie and Ladies." — (Antiquarian Repertory.) 

At the Dutch Church in Austin Friars are several papers 
relating to this church. One in 1644 is an appointment under 
seal of " Brother Jan Van de Broecke de Jonghe" to be dea- 
con ; it is signed by Caspar Van Nieren, minister, Jan de 
Vinck, elder, Jacob de (Laivera,) elder, and Jan de Back, 
deacon. The legend round the seal is " Sigillum Ecclesia? 
Sandwico Germanico." 

The congregation in 1655 addressed a letter to the Dutch 
Church in London, touching the misconduct of their minister 
Johanes Ayton ; it is signed by the four elders, Nicolaes de 
Coussen, Pyeter Odens, John Calfe, and Fraure Floorisen, 
and by William Vandeglasse and Pieter de Tillers. 

After the manufacture of bays was introduced into this 
town, they exported to Antwerp, and when that was discon- 
tinued by the wars under the Duke D'Alva, they effected a 
mart at Rouen and Hamborough, where bays were not then 
known. The strangers of Sandwich were the most ancient, 
for from them proceeded those of Norwich and Colchester, 
" and the English which dwelt at Coxall, Braintree, Hastings, 
and other places that make bayes now in great abundance, did 
learn the same of the Strangers."— ( Co tton M$S., Titus, 
b. v. J 



208 



THE DUTCH CHURCH AT COLCHESTER. 

Morant in his History of Colchester, (Vol. I. fo. p. 75.) 
observes — 

" When the Dutch, and with them the trade of bay and say making 
were first introduced into this town will appear by these two authen- 
tic letters : — 

1570, 1° August. 
To the Right Honourable our singular good Lords, the Queen's 
Majestie's most honourable Privy Council — these be delivered. 

" In most humble wise Right Honourable our singular good Lords. 
Whereas of late a number of Dutchmen have come to this town of 
Colchester, about eleaven households, to the number of fifty persons 
small and great, where they made their abode longer time than other 
strangers have been accustomed. Wee therefore called before us 
certain of the best of them, and required to know the cause of their 
coming and so long tarrying there ; who answered that they were 
part of the dispersed flock, of late driven out of Flanders, for that 
their consciences were offended with the Masse, and for fear of the 
tyranny of the Duke D'Alva, to save their lives and keep their con- 
sciences they came into this realm for protection ; and said they came 
from Sandwich, where for that divers others of their countrymen 
came lately over, they thought good to give them place and to see 
if they could place themselves conveniently in this town, and to that 
end they made request unto us. And further they said that there 
were more of their company at Sandwich, which together with these 
are to the number of two hundred souls, that minde also if they may 
be permitted to come hither to inhabit also ; which persons are of 
such sciences as are not usual with us, but weave sackcloth, make 
needles, parchment, weavours, and such like. So that they minde 
not (as they say) to use any kinde of exercise that shall be any hin- 
derance to any artificer or man of occupation here. And this they 
offer to bee obedient to all the laws of the land and civil constitu- 
tions of this town. But we dare not presume to give them such 
licens of ourselves, although the appearance shew that great profit 
might arise to the common estate of this towne, greatly decayed as 
in re-edifying of the same, and in many other special causes, which 



209 

to recite unto your honours should be over tedious, and therefore we* 
have given them friendly entertainment untill that we might signifie 
the same their request unto your honours, in which we most humbly 
beseech your Lordships to advertise us what your honourable pleasure 
is, that we may do herein ; which known, we shall willingly accom- 
plish : And this we cannot but greatly commend the same strangers 
unto you, for sithence their first coming hither we finde them to be 
very honest, godly, civill, and well ordered people, not given to any 
outrage or excess. Wherefore, if any should be allotted to be in this 
town, we would rather chuse these and such as they shall commend, 
than any other ; But that we refer to your honourable direction, as 
well for the persons as the number that you will assigne : And thus 
fearing to be over tedious, we most humbly take our leave of your 
honours. 

Your honours most bounden ever to command, 

Robert Northern, ") "R qv rff s 
Richard Northey. J 

From Colchester, in Essex, this First of August 1570. 

" What answer the Privy Council then returned I could not find, 
but some months after, that honourable board sent the following 
letter relating to them." 

To our loving Friends, the Bayliffs and Aldermen of the town of 
Colchester. 

"After our hearty commendations, understanding by your letters 
that the strangers of the Low Countries who have fled hither for 
refuge in this persecution for religion, begun in their countries, and 
have now dwelled amongst you in your town of Colchester a certain 
time do behave themselves so quietly amongst themselves, so con- 
formably to the laws of God, and obediently to the laws and statutes 
of the realm, and so gratefully unto you, that they have deserved such 
commendations as ye do acknowledge your towne to be benefited 
by their being there, we are right glad that we first commended them 
unto you, and cannot but allow their conformity, your gentle hand- 
ling of them, and the concord betwixt you ; the which we trust God 
will increase with his benefits towards you : and we pray you so 
to continue towards them as ye have begun, that so long as the said 

d2 



210 



strangers shall so well follow their honest trades and exercises to 
maintain themselves by their labour according to God's command- 
ments and the laws of this realme, and shew such quietness and 
obedience as they hitherto have done, ye do aid and help them in all 
things which may be commodious for them, and suffer them to enjoy 
such traffique in buying, selling, planting, and other labouring, as 
hitherto you have done, and as shall not be contrary to the laws and 
statutes of this realme. And if any shall goe about to molest or vex 
them wrongfully, we pray you to aid and assist them, and to see the 
wrong amended with so much speed as ye may. Thus we bid you 
well to fare. 

Your loving friends, 

R. Leicester." 
From Greenwich, the 24th March 1570. 

N. Bacon, C. S. 
T. Sussex. 

Being thus admitted and settled here, they carried on their 
business with pleasure, alacrity, success, and safety, under the 
protection of that great encourager of trade, Queen Elizabeth, 
and her wise ministers Sir Francis Walsingham, the Lord 
Burleigh, and the Earl of Salisbury, who found it necessary to 
cherish, support, and protect them many times against the 
natural jealousy of the rude and meaner inhabitants of these 
parts, which were often molesting them, or refused to submit to 
their rules and the constitutions established by them and al- 
lowed by the Queen and Privy Council for the better carrying 
on their business. 

King James T. extended also in a most particular manner his 
care and protection to these useful members of society, who 
brought in an universal industry, and by whose residence here, 
not only the inhabitants but also (C the whole state of the town 
in general received great benefit and advantage, by their being 
the occasion to maintain great numbers of people at work, and 
by conforming themselves to all orders of government, both for 
contributions to payments and all other necessary duties." 



211 

This brought so much employment for the poor of this town 
in the wool business, that 21 Jan. 1590-1, it was ordered at 
an assembly- — 

" That the Lady Judde, her hundred pounds should be laid out in 
wool for one whole year, and delivered to the poor of the towne for 
spinning, carding, combing, &c. That the said poor should of the 
same work spin but six knots of the bay yarn and the bay warp, and 
seven knots of the bay woof of the yarn. And after Michaelmas day 
1591, none of the poor to go a begging within the said town or liber- 
ties, without the special licence of the bailiffs and four aldermen, and 
to be given to none but such as were not able to work." 

Yet such was the un thankfulness and corruption of some of 
our English weavers, that they not only carried complaints 
against them to the Privy Council, but also indicted and pre- 
sented them at two several quarter sessions of the peace here, 
for assembling themselves in a company and congregation in 
their hall without the King's subjects, and there making orders 
and setting fines upon his Majesty's subjects contrary to Statute 
21, Hen. VIII. And also for using partiality and unjust 
dealing in their searches and orders concerning the new dra- 
peries.* So that the Privy Council were forced to interpose 
in their letter of December 31, 1603, as did also by virtue of 
the same, Sir Thos. Lucas, Kt., Edwd., Waldegrave, Esq., 
and Henry Osborn one of the bailiffs of this town, in an order 
of February 18, 1605, wherein they enjoined that the said in- 
dictments and presentments should be no further proceeded in, 
nor the said strangers from henceforth in any such sort molested. 

Moreover, for their greater ease and security, King James I. 
granted them his letters patent, October 17, 1612, wherein he 
says : — 

" That the Privie Councell being dulie informed by the justices, 
bayliffs, and other magistrates of the towne of Colchester, howe 
beneficiall the strangers of the Dutche Congregation and been, and 
were unto the said towne, as well in replenishing and bewtifieing of 



* Rot. Cur, 1° and 2° Jac 1, ret 5 in dorso. 



212 

it, as for their trades, which they daylie used there, setting on work 
manie of his poor people and subjects, both within the said towne 
and other townes and places thereabouts : And alsoe of the orderlie 
and peaceable government of their congregation for matter of religion, 
withoute noveltie, division, or scandall,— -did upon his pleasure signi- 
fied in that behaulf by order of the 7th of August 1612, establishe 
and confirme unto them all privilege, liberties, immunities, and free- 
doms, contayned as well in dyvers former orders, as used and tollerated 
unto them for many yeares, in the reigne of the late Queen Elizabeth 
and since. And now the better to strengthen and testifie the saide 
order, and to suppresse all disturbances and molestations offered, or 
that might bee offered unto the saide strangers of the Dutch Con- 
gregation in Colchester by anie factious or troublesome persons, and 
for the more free and quiet using of their trade and government, in 
all respects ; and to all intents and purposes, his Majesty did for him- 
self, his heirs, and successors, — ordeine, constitute, and establishe, 
that all strangers of the Dutch Congregation in the towne of Col- 
chester, then being, should and might from henceforth peaceablie and 
freelie use their trade of bay and say making and other foreine dra- 
peries, and alsoe enjoy all such privillidg, liberties, and immunities, 
and should be permitted to use their assemblies and congregations 
in as free, large, and ample manner as had been heretofore practised, 
tollerated, or allowed unto them in the time of Queen Elizabeth, or 
at any time since; and that noe information should be accepted 
against them, or anie of them, in anie courts or places of justice, for 
or concerning the exercise or execution of any the premisses ; and 
that all informations, indictments, and presentments preferred againste 
them, or anie of them heretofore, for the causes aforesaid should be 
presentlie discharged, and the names of such informers and other 
persons as should presume hereafter to moleste them in anie thing 
confirmed unto them by theis presents should be presented unto the 
Privie Councell, whereof the bayliffs and aldermen of Colchester were 
to take notice, and see the same preciselie and carefullie performed, 
for so much as concerned them and everie of them in their several 
places and authoritie. Further, His Majesty for himself, his heires, 
and successors, did give, graunte, and confirme unto the said strangers 
of the Dutch congregation then being, and to all and everie stranger 
and strangers which at anie time hereafter should be, inhabitt, and 



2i3 

reside within the precincts of the said town of Colchester, and bee 
admitted of the Dutch congregation there ; that they and everie of 
them should and might have hold and enjoy free lycence, libertie, and 
authoritie to continue and inhabitt, and to use and exercise, as well 
their trade of bay* and say making and other foraine draperies, with 
their accustomed meetings and orders for the avoyding of all fraudu- 
lent dealeings therein requisite for the upholding of the goodness, 
estimacion, and credit of the stuffs made by them, as alsoe theire 
orders in theire church and assemblies, there tending to the good 
government of the said congregation in as free, large, and ample 
manner in all respects, and to all intents, constructions, and purposes 
as heretofore they had used and had been tolerated and allowed unto 
them," — but no further. 

"After that, though there were often small differences between 
them and the natives,f yet, they carried on their trade with sufficient 
quietness and great success and advantage both to themselves and 
the town, and many got considerable fortunes." 

" In 1609 the town was so populous and full of inhabitants, that 
there was not one house to be had at any rate (MS. penes me.) By 
an account taken in 1616 of the Dutch people resident in our sixteen 
parishes, the number of those born abroad was found to be 248, and 
of their children and Dutch servants born here 1023, of whom 583 
lived in St. Peter's parish. N. B, They used to maintain their own 
poor, and paid to the Xths and XVths in Queen Elizabeth's reign, 
only £3. I should have observed above, that before the year 1590, 
there were some Dutch bay makers settled in Halstead, but taking a 

* Bays, a sort of open woollen stuff, having' a long nap, sometimes frized 
and sometimes not. This stuff is without wale and is wrought in a loom 
without treddles, like flannel. It is chiefly manufactured at Colchester and 
Bocking in Essex, where there is a hall, called the Dutch Bay Hall, or Raw 
Hall. The exportation of hays was much more considerable than at present, 
when the French have learned to imitate them. However the English bays are 
still sent to Spain and Portugal, and even to Italy. Their chief use is for 
dressing the Monks and Nuns, and for linings, especially in the army. The 
looking-glass makers also use them behind their glasses, to preserve the tin or 
quicksilver, and the case makers to line their cases. — JEncyc. Brit., 1797. 

\ In the Lansdown MSS., 157, is a Breviat addressed to the Privy Council 
stating the complaints of the congregation against the corporation. 



214 



dislike to that place, they came to Colchester, notwithstanding all 
endeavours of the Privy Councell to the contrary," (DISS, penes me.) 
— M or ant. 

From the year 1617 till about the year 1716, they used to 
pay the chamberlain of this town £30., £50., and even as high 
as £90. per annum, for the bay and say hall, with the seal, and 
£60. as a foreign fine. 

A letter of 1581 in the Dutch church in Austin Friars is 
sealed with a seal, having a legend (now unintelligible,) and 
an anchor supported by two arms. 

It appears by Morant, that the Dutch made many wise 
regulations for keeping up the goodness and reputation of their 
manufactures ; they were searched and surveyed at the Dutch 
Bay Hall, and had different leaden seals affixed, some having 
this inscription, i( Dyts. Colcester Crone bay, 1571." "But 
these seals were as early as the year 1588, counterfeited by the 
bay makers at Halstead,* and afterwards in London,f and 
even falsified in this very town, i. e. taken from the cross-bays 
and affixed to some of the meaner sorts ; which, together with 
the negligence of the officers, to the scandal of the whole na- 
tion, and great prejudice of this town," procured sharp re- 
proofs from the Privy Council in 1635.+ 

The Act in 1660, (12 Car. II. cap. 22,) for the regulating 
of the trade of bay making in the Dutch Bay Hall in Colches- 
ter, prevented in a great measure all fraudulent dealings there- 
in, and it maintained its credit several years afterwards." The 
trade was first most sensibly hurt by the wars with Spain, 
especially by Queen Anne's wars. By which means and other 
disagreeable concurrent causes, the Dutch congregation not 
being able to carry it on, dissolved themselves in 1728. 

The congregation had a chapel, and house for the minister, 
in Head Street, the wooden frame work of the front and other 



* Letter of Sir F. Walsingham, &c. f Rushworth, vol. iii. App. p. 102. 
X Original letter of Council. 



215 

parts of which were sent from Holland, cut and made ready to 
put together. It was a handsome building of considerable 
extent. The front of what appears to have been the chapel, 
forms one side of a quadrangular court, occupied by the min- 
ister's house and various offices and out-buildings. On the 
window frame in front toward the street, the date 1677 appears, 
and a cypher including the letters SRB with the same date 
is impressed on the brick-work of other parts of the building. 
In the interior there is a staircase of oak, ornamented with 
carvings in a superior style of workmanship. This building 
has lately been handsomely fitted up as a bazaar. — Wright's 
Essex 1, page 235. It was burnt down in 1835, and it is be- 
lieved no drawing of it was ever taken. 

While the congregation subsisted at Colchester they had 
the following ministers : — 

Joannis Meggrodine, Jonas Proost, Tho. Cole, Joanniss Ruiting, 
Joan Hue, Samuel Bischop, Joan Smit, Joan Vosburg, Adrian Hoyer, 
Sam 1 Tresel, Jacobus Harding, Peter Cornelius Schrevelius, Martinus 
Vanderwint.* 

For some time they had the use of St. Giles's, and then of 
All Saints' Church, and at last had a chapel of their own in 
St. Mary's Lane, in part of the late Mr. George Gray's house, 
in 1768 Mr. Theoph. Hall's. f 

No tidings can be learnt of the registers of baptisms and 
marriages of the Dutch Church here. Many of the Dutch 
were buried at St. Mary's, and the register of that parish fre- 
quently notices the burials of persons, with the addition of " a 
Dutchman," &c. 

Sir Isaac Rebow, (knighted by King William, whom he 
entertained at his house) one of the representatives for Col- 
chester, was a descendant of one of the original settlers here. 

* The Swallow Street French Chapel Register contains the marriage in 
1691, of the Rev. Jacob Molles, minister of the French Church at Colchester 
and Margaret Bureau. 

f Morant, p. 79. 



216 

So also was Francis la Motte, a native of Ypres, who had a 
principal part in setting up and promoting the manufacture of 
bays and sayes. His son John became an eminent and wealthy 
merchant in London, where he was chosen alderman. — Gran- 
ger, vol. 2, p. 276. 

Amongst the burials at Colchester, are — 
John Raoul, M. D, 1737 — Paul Angier, 1734 — Christopher Bayles, 
Alderman, 1666 — James Fromantel, Esq. 1694 — James Lemynge, 
Gent., 1761 — Sus a Robjent — Cornelius Bogard — Henry Fitzer. 

Charles Collignon, M. D. Professor of Anatomy at Cambridge, 
was of a French family and married a lady of Colchester of Dutch 
parentage. 



YARMOUTH. 

Upon the petition of the " Hugonots" settled at Yarmouth 
in 1568, being most of them fishermen, Queen Elizabeth granted 
a licence, reciting — 

" That divers strangers of Holland, Zealand, and other parts of 
the Low Countries of the dominions of the King of Spain, being of 
late years upon lamentable occasion come into this our realm of 
England, and continued since their coming over at Great Yarmouth, 
in our County of Norfolk, where divers of them being fishermen, have 
used the feat or trade of fishing of herrings, codd, mackrell, and other 
fish, according to the season of the year, after the manner of their 
countiy, — have made sute upon us to grant them our licence and 
assurance." 

Her Majesty then licenced the bailiffs, justices, &c, and 
also Wm. Janson Cowman, Adrian Knape, Daniel Devoyle, 
John Vande Perden, Nicholas Tecose, and others, amounting 
to thirty persons with their servants and families, (ten persons 
to each family) to inhabit the town and carry on their trade of 
fishing.— Dated 8th June, Xllth Eliz.* 

* A copy of the licence will be found in Swinden's Yarmouth, p. 942, 



217 

In the space of three or four years their members were so 
greatly increased that the town thought it necessary to publish 
certain orders, which were made on the 6th of February 1574, 
the substance of which was as follows — 

1 . No more to dwell in the town but such as were admitted into 
the congregation. 

2. The number of the congregation not to exceed the Queen's 
grant, and in case of death or departure the vacancies to be filled up 
by the bailiffs and justices. 

3. That certain persons should be bound, that none of the con- 
gregation should be chargeable to the town, and in case of departure 
should take with them all the men, women, and children of the con- 
gregation. 

4. To have only ten pinks for fishing, and to have three English- 
men to each pink. 

5. Not to buy any corn in the market. 

6. To provide themselves with twine and depinges in foreign 
places. 

7. Not to buy victuals, except for their own consumption. 

8. All persons not of the congregation to be avoided out of the 
town before the 1st of March next. 

is The Dutch at Yarmouth had a chapel for their use, which 
had originally been the mansion of Thomas de Drayton, a bailiff 
and a representative of the town, temp. Edw. III. Whether 
they converted it into a chapel or not, does not appear; it 
was afterwards used as a theatre, and in 1628 a Mr. Brinsley, 
after his dismission from St. Nicholas' Church, preached at this 
place ; but by an order of the King in Council in 1632, it was 
stated that it did not appear by any proofs that the place 
wherein Brinsley preached, however it was termed a chapel, 
and was theretofore used by the Dutch for their assembling and 
divine service — had been at any time consecrated, but that 
within less than forty years it was a warehouse, and it was 
ordered that it should therefore be used no longer for the cele- 
brating of divine service.*" 

* Swinden's Yarmouth, p. 849. 

e2 



218 

At the synod held at London in 1634, the Dutch Church at 
Yarmouth was excused from attendance ; but at the synod in 
1644, John Ruyting their minister, and Ab m Regemorter their 
elder, were the representatives. 

No register of baptisms, &c. of this congregation have been 
found, but the following names, taken from a register of bap- 
tisms belonging to the Independent Congregation at Yarmouth, 
appear to be those of some of the descendants of the Dutch 
Congregation at this place : — 

Futeril, Jorden, Mighelles, Custins, Mahul, Marthry, Pue, Lombe, 
Hannot, Prime, Ramer, Julieu, Bortice, Garvais, Richefies, Caffone 
Whyt. 

September 18th, 1745. John, the son of Mr. John and Mary 
Van Griekin, Dutchman. 



STAMFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. 

" At the latter end of the year 1572, several families of Protestant 
exiles, and natives for the most part of the Low Countries, were 
about transplanting themselves out of London at Stamford in Lin- 
colnshire, there to live and follow their callings. And this by the 
motion of Lord Burleigh, to whom the town chiefly belonged, well 
knowing what good profit and benefit might redound unto the place 
and country, by the trades and business these men should bring along 
with them, by taking off the wools at a good price, and encouraging 
the sowing of flax and hemp, improving land, and such like. For 
they were for the most part weavers of such sorts of cloths as were 
not yet wove and made (or very rarely) in England, as bays and 
says, and stammets, fustians, carpets, linsey woolseys, fringes, tapes- 
try, silks and velvets, figured and unfigured linen. There were also 
among them dyers, rope makers, hatters, makers of coffers, knives, 
locks, workers in steel and copper, and the like, after the fashion 
of Nurenburg in Germany. 

" For the bringing this motion to perfection, Isbrand Balkius their 
minister, and Casper Vosbergius, in the name of the rest, put up their 



219 

petition to the Lord Burleigh, whom they called their Mecsenas, to 
obtain certain liberties and privileges from the Queen, and to settle 
themselves and their families at Stamford, to have a church, carry 
on their trades and so forth ; and that it might be lawful for them 
to choose out from among themselves seven men, more or less, as 
the strangers of Norwich and Sandwich had in their churches, who 
having taken their oaths at the magistrates' hands, were to decide 
and determine all controversies arising among them, or if they could 
not, to call two of the magistrates of the town to assist them." 

These privileges, contained in ten articles, with their suppli- 
cation to Lord Burleigh, are given in the Appendix to Strype's 
Life of Abp. Parker.* 

"This congregation and manufacture of Walloons continued a 
great while at Stamford, but now (1711) is in effect vanished." 

" In the hall where they used to meet for their business, the town 
feasts are now (1711) kept, but the place were they exercised their 
religion is not known ; yet their last minister, a long lived man, was 
known to many alive in 1711." 



THETFORD. 
Amongst the papers at the church in Austin Friars is a let- 
ter from Thetford, dated 17th March 1575, and signed — 

Van de Roode 
Laurens Van Stamds 



Thomas 

Bastiaen Schillewaerte 



And another letter in 1576, signed — 

Carolus Ryckewaert 
Jan de Boode 



Maximillaen van decane 



but no further particulars of the congregation at this place 
have been found. 



* Where is also to be found the appointment of Balkius to the ministry of 
this Dutch congregation, noticing- his former connexion with that at Norwich. 



220 



DOVER. 
Amongst the papers at the church in Austin Friars is a let- 
ter of the 18th of May 1576, in the name of the Dutch Church 
at Dover. The family of Fector are of Dutch origin, as are 
likewise, it is believed, the families of Shipdem and Rutter, but 
no other traces of this congregation have been found. 






ii&ll&P" 



THE DUTCH CHURCH AT CAKVi 



CANVEY ISLAND. 
This Island* (which is situated in the Thames, near South 
Bemfleet in Essex,) being subject to be overflowed by high 
tides, Sir Henry Appleton and others, then owners of the lands 
here, agreed by deed dated 9th April 1622, to give one third 
of the lands in fee simple to Joas Croppenburgh, a Dutchman 
skilled in the making of dykes, in consideration of his suffici- 
ently inning and recovering this Island, then usually over- 
flowed at every spring tidej at his own costs and charges. 



* Camden supposes the Island to be the Convannos mentioned in Ptolemy s' 
Geography. 



221 

This agreement was by consent made a decree of the Court of 
Chancery 27th February 1622-3. The third of these lands is 
now applied to the repairs of the sea walls. 

A timber chapel was built here for the use of the Dutch 
inhabitants employed in draining the Isle. It being decayed 
another was built at the charge of Mr. Edgar, an officer in the 
victualling office, and consecrated 11th June 1712. This 
being also decayed, a new one was built about the year 1745, 
partly by a contribution of the inhabitants, but mostly by a 
benefaction of the late Daniel Scratton, Esq., the owner of 
considerable estates in Prittlewell. He also gave part of the 
tithes to trustees to pay £10. a year to the vicar of Prittlewell, 
the better to enable him to perform divine service here; and 
£10. a year more to the minister or curate duly appointed to 
preach twenty sermons in St. Catherine's Chapel in this Island.* 

From papers at the Dutch Church, and from the books of 
the " colloque" the following particulars have been gathered. 

The first notice of the congregation is on the 3rd of Sept. 
1641, when they were represented at the synod held in London 
by their minister Mr. Cornelius Jacobsen, and their elder Peter 
Priem. At the synod in 1644 they were represented by their 
minister Mr. Abraham Busk, and in 1647 by their minister 
Mr. Daniel Katelar. 

In 1655 the following persons held the offices of elders, 
deacons, &c, in this church : — Anthonius Diericksen, Peter 
Priem, Gilles Van Belle, Steven de Kien ; and a paper dated 
2nd of Sept. 1655, is signed by — 



F Boije 

Jan Malstof 

Anthenin de Smedt 

Anthenne Lanvijcke 

Daniel Rosel 

Jan Van Gent Bruygghe 

Matthieu Lucsie 



Franchois Manandijse 
Guilliame Manandijse 
Robert Walspeck 
Adriaen Vander Biest 
Andrew de Clerck 
Maximilen Rousselle 
Jan de Vos 



* Morant's Essex, p. 266, vol. i. 



222 



Jacob Polley 
Cornelius (Amplut) 
Jacob Amplut 
Cornelius Classen 
Yacop Clement 
Heninghe Cornelys 



Masm Steenighe 
Marijnes Claeijsen 
Jan de Schildeze 
Pieter Veijneer 
Volant Sanders, &c, &c. 



THE DUTCH CHAPEL ROYAL, ST. JAMES'S. 

This chapel was founded by William III. on his accession- 
to the English throne, and was continued up to the year 1809,* 
when, in consequence of a fire at the palace, the service was 
altogether discontinued. The last Chaplain, the Rev. J. S. 
Pons, is still living, and receives from the board of green cloth 
the stipend as such chaplain. 

The registers are two in number, a small octavo with gilt 
edges, and a quarto. The octavo contains baptisms and mar- 
riages, and a list of the communicants ; it commences with — 

" Register der Gedoopte Kinderen en Getrounde Persoonen in de 
Kapelle van St. James gebragt een alphabetise ordre." 

The entries in this book extend from 1689 to 1740. 

The quarto register contains, first, a list of the communi- 
cants ; second, a copy of an assignment in 1786 of an Exche- 
quer order dated 1708, for £10. per annum in favour of Mary 
Oliver, and assigned by Sir Charles Barrow, Bart., to Messrs. 
Meier, Zornlin, and Woide for the use of the poor of the 
Dutch Chapel ;f third, marriages from 1743 to 1754; fourth, 
extract of will of Henry Johnson in 1718, bequeathing an 
Exchequer annuity of £10. per annum to the poor of this 
chapel; fifth, the distribution of the charity money; sixth, bap- 
tisms from 1743 to 1775. 

* See under the title of French Chapel Royal, p. 158, for an exchange ef- 
fected about 1781, by the German congregation, with the Dutch and French 
congregations at the Palace. 

t This was called, the Oliverian Legacy, although apparently the gift of Sir 
Charles Barrow. 



223 



CHAPLAINS. 

John Peter Nutella (died January 1722) 

Sebastian Van Der Eyckea (died 26th April 1749) . . 1742 

Door Collega D. Ter Kinder .. .. 1759—1769 

Charles Godfrey Woide D.D. (died 9th May 1790) 

H. O. Schrader (died 31st May 1802) .. .. 1790 

James Compton (died 11th February 1825, set 78) . . 1802 

Philip Van Swinden D.D. (died 19th October 1802) 

DeLaFite .. .. .. .. .. 1803 

James Samuel Pons . . . . . . . . 1825 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTERS. 

Gedoopt Kinderen. 

"Alexander der Villatte, moed, n Krooneman, 8 December 1689." 
"Elizabeth, Vad. Tomas Coburn, moed Barentije, 14 December 91.'' 
" 1746, 23 November, Gedoopt een Dogter Van Jacobus en Maria 

Weibecker met de naam Elizabeth, Gemoeders waren Elizabeth 

Simpson en Sarah Collings, Gevader was Joannes Cunningham." 
Getrouwde Persoonen. 
Gaspar Johnston and Anna Maria Vander Velde, d 29 Augustiis 

1723." 
Marten Van Essen, en Janneke Jans, 14 December 1690. 
Gabriel Verdier and Mrs. Barbara Talbot, Sp r 3 October 1739. 
Mr. Thomas Moore and Elizabeth Reid, 16 September 1740. 
Paulus Coldits and Eliz th Ockender, 1748. 
John Kingswood, Jongman and Henrietta Van Noort, Jonge Dogter, 

22 March 1752. 
Jan Sanders and Albertina Cornells, 1696. 
Jacobus Campbell and Maria Cooper, 1719. 
Michael Goodman and Elizabeth Hanna Fielding, 1708. 
Thomas Hood and Mary Glover. 

The names chiefly occurring at the end of the register, are — 

"Battigny, Ter Kinder, Coldits, Barbe, Ellis, De Wilde, Wei- 
becker, and Bertie." 



224 



CHAPTER IX. 

THE SPANISH, ITALIAN, AND GREEK CHURCHES, 



THE SPANISH CHURCH. 

" There had been many Spaniards in England since Henry the 
Eighth's time, whose first wife was a Spaniard, and whose daughter 
Mary, that King's only issue by her, had favoured and entertained 
them about her. But especially their numbers increased here upon 
the persecution in Spain, which was about the reign of King Ed- 
ward ; many whereof being Protestants, remained still in the Realm, 
for I find now (1560,) a congregation of Spaniards in London, and 
one Cassiodorus their preacher." * 

This congregation began about 1559, when they met in a 
private house for their devotion, but in 1560 the preacher 
earnestly requested of the Secretary and Bishop of London 
some church to have their religious assemblies in, for the avoid- 
ing of scandal, lest it might be surmised that they taught such 
doctrines and used such worship as they were loth should be 
publicly known. t 

"In the year 1563 Anthony Corranus (Hispalensis, of Sevil) 
another learned Spaniard and professor of religion, wrote out 
of France to this Cassiodorus to forward here the impression 
of a Spanish bible, but before the letter came to hand Cassio- 

* In 1566 two of the Spanish congregation were Franciscus Farias and 
Nicolaus Molinus. (See Strype's Life of Grindall, cap. II. J 

Cyprian de Valera, M. A was a Spaniard who had left his country for reli- 
gion. He spent most of his time in England, and wrote many books in Spanish. 
He published a Bible in Spanish, which was translated by John Golburne, a 
prisoner in the Fleet, 1600. 

-J- See Lansd. MSS. vol. 4. 46. the petition is signed " Cassiodorus Hisp," 
and states that they had a Coetus which the legate had prohibited. 



225 

dorus was fled and gone, as was thought, in Germany, upon 
an accusation of immorality.— (p. 237, Strype's Ann. vol. I.J 
Corannus was also a member of the Italian Congregation.* 
In Queen Mary's days many of those Spaniards who came 
over in the retinue of Philip the Spanish Prince, or after, for- 
sook popery and became professors of the reformed religion. 
This change is noticed in the sermon which James Pilkington, 
master of St. John's, Cambridge, preached at the restoration 
of Bucer and Fagius. 

The register of the Walloon Church in London notices the 
baptism of Jehan De Camp, Son of Charles and Louise de 
Luna, the daughter of Jehan de Luna, " ministre du Sainct 
Evangile en la Langue Espagnol," but no register of the 
Spanish congregation can be found. 



THE ITALIAN CHURCH. 

" The Italian merchants and owners procured that part of the city 
of London on the north side, out of Tower Street, called Minchin 
Lane — to build upon for their lodgings and storehouses, as the mer- 
chants of the Haunce of Almaine were licensed to have an house 
called Guilda Teutonicorum, the Guildhall of the Germans ; the mer- 
chants of Bordeaux were licensed to build in the Vintry strongly 
with stone, as yet may he seen, and seemeth old though often re- 
paired." — (Acta Regia.) 

" A spot near Mincing Lane was the manor of Blanch Apleton, 
where in the 3rd of Edw. IV. all basket makers, wire drawers, and 

* He was also reader of divinity in the temple in 1574. Strype says of him 
"this poor man had undergone great troubles, not only from the Papists in 
Spain, but by the officers of the French Church in London, complaining of him 
both to Bp. Grindall and Beza. He afterwards lived at Oxford many years* 
and bringing letters commendatory from the Chancellor of that University, 
read a catechetical Lecture there — he was Censor Theologicus in Christ's 
Church, and had a prebend in St. Paul's, London." He died in 1591 and was 
buried in London, 

f2 



226 

other foreigners were permitted to have shops. Blanch Apleton is 
corruptly called Blind Chapel Court, it was a manor belonging to Sir 
Thos. Roos, standing at the N. E. corner of Mart Lane, so called 
from the privilege of keeping a mart there, but now called Mark 
Lane." 

In the reign of Edward II. there were several Italian mer- 
chants in London, Boniface de Peruche, who acted for the 
company of Peruchi ,* Cante de Scale, who acted for the com- 
pany of Scali ; Manentus Francisci, Grandon de Spyne, Pouch 
Archeritus de Portenare, Torrus Oddy, and Dolthimus Donati, 
and John de Vaune, who acted for the company of the Bal- 
lardi of Lucca. 

In the reign of Edward VI. many Italians and Genoese came 
to reside in England, trading in silks, velvets, and damasks, 
and made great wealth. In 1572 there were of note Galliar- 
detto, Caesar, Adelmar, Acerbo, and Benedict ; Spinola, who 
had so much favour granted to him as to obtain divers licenses 
for passing cloths and kersies with English customs ; and for 
the encouragement of the Italian Congregation Abp. Cranmer 
procured the members of it to be free Denizens— to live and 
traffick in England with as much freedom as natural English 
subjects, upon their swearing fidelity and allegiance,* 

In noticing the Dutch Church in Austin Friars, Strype 
observes that it was a commendable practice of this church of 
strangers, that good discipline was observed in it, to bring 
scandalous sinners to open shame, whatever their outward 
qualities or respects were. To this church at this time, 1550, 
(says he) belonged a scholar and a preacher named Michael 
Angelo Florio, an Italian, who preached to a congregation of 
Italians, and had the countenance of the archbishop and secre- 

* Peter Maria de Bolonia la Grassa, an Italian dwelling in Bethlem besides 
London, keeper of a Garden appertaining to the Italian Merchants, procured 
a license from Philip and Mary to sell by himself or his servants, by retail 
or in gross, any kind of wine or wines, to be spent or drunken within or without 
his mansion house, for his natural life, (14 Oct. 1556.) — Rymer. 



227 

tary, by both whose means he had an annuity of £20. for life, 
payable by the King quarterly. But having been found guilty 
of an act of immorality, he underwent the censures of the 
church and was deposed from his ministry. Afterwards en- 
joined penance which he performed, but some time after seemed 
to be restored again.* 

It is recorded that either from some misbehaviour or im~ 
prudencies of Florio, (which he was not altogether free from,) 
or his too violent declaiming against the Pope and Popish 
doctrines, which they were not yet prepared to receive, or that 
he too roughly charged them with hardness of heart, and back- 
wardness to receive gospel truths (as he was used to do;) many 
of his congregation wholly withdrew from him and went to 
mass again. His contribution also fell very low, and he ap- 
pealed 1585 to Secretary Cecil, sending him the names of 
fourteen of his congregation, and informing him of their daily 
going to mass, and that therefore being free denizens, they 
ought to be punished as any English man would be if he heard 
mass. — (Lansd. MSS. vol. 45. 29. — Strype's Cranmer.J 

The following are the names referred to — 

ITALORUM NOMINA. 

D. Carolus Renuccinus ~] 

D. Guido Cavalcanti I . . 

D. Batista Cavalcanti j 

D. Bartholomeus Fortini J 

D. Azalinus Selvagus ^ 

D. Benedictus Spinola \ Januens. 

D. Antonius Bruschetto 



* This was entered into the acts of the church. In the year 1566 I find 
Grindall Bp. of London sent unto Cousin and Wing the Dutch preachers, that 
they would transcribe out of the said act or register, a short account of what 
was done with this Italian, and the form of the public penance enjoyned and 
performed, but after search this book was not to be found among them, and 
the ministers conjectured that Martin Micronius had carried it along with him 
to Embden, when that church was broken up, upon Queen Mary's access to 
the Crown. — Strype. 



228 

D. Christiforus, Mediolanensis 

D. Batista Buraone, Mediolanensis 

D. Marcus Antonius Erizo ) 

D. Evangelista Fonte / 

D. Petrus Ciampante, Lucensis 

D. Nicolaus de Lale \ _ 

^ . _ , _ ) Ragusienses. 

D. Andreas de Resti j 

The Italian Church was continued under Queen Elizabeth 
and had the favour of the state for the liberty of religious 
worship for such Italians as embraced the reformed religion ; 
whereof there were many residing in that city, both merchants 
and others that had fled thither from some parts of Italy where 
the gospel had been preached, but now persecuted. Which 
church was thought profitable also for the use of such English 
gentlemen as had travelled abroad in Italy, that by their 
resorting thither they might both serve God and keep their 
knowledge of the Italian language, which by disuse they might 
have soon otherwise forgotten. But it was an observation now 
made (1570) of the evil consequence of young men travelling 
from hence into those parts, viz. that they lost all the good 
and sober principles they carried out of England with them 
and became negligent of religion and little better than atheists. 
Which caused Mr. Ascham about this time to say — 

"These men thus Italianated abroad cannot abide our godly 
Italian Church at home. They be not of that parish (they say,) 
they be not of that fellowship ; they like not the preacher ; they hear 
not his sermons ; except sometimes for company, they come thither 
to hear the Italian tongue naturally spoken, and not to hear God's 
doctrine truly preached." — (Strypes Annals, ii. p. 29 J 

In 1568 a list of the members of this church was sent to the 
council, " being persons born in Flanders and other places 
under the dominion of the King of Spain, some of Antwerp, 
Gaunt, Almain, &c." In this church were both Italians and 
Spaniards to the number of about fifty-seven ; among them 
were Dr. Cornelis Sprinck and Dr. Andrea, Medico Romano. 



229 

The list was signed by Cornelius Spiringus, Gasper Vosber- 
gius, M. de Questor, Baptista Oijens, and Marcos de la Palma. 
— (Slrype's Grindall, 135.^ 

In 1568,* the minister of this church was Hieronymus Jer- 
litus, who appears to have arrived in London in the year 1565. 
In the Lansdown MSS. (vol. x. art. 32,) is a letter in Latin 
from him, in behalf of Theodore Fuerwyn a Dutch painter, 
who had fled hither on account of religion. 

It appears by the Livre de Coetus that this church was one 
of the three foreign churches which met together for the main- 
tenance of order and good discipline, and to which appeals 
were made from the consistories. f 

In 1581 Monsieur Baptiste was their minister, but on the 
3rd October 1598 the elders and deacons of this church infor- 
med the Coetus that after much research, and notwithstanding 
the assistance of many friends both at home and abroad they 
did not see any prospect of finding a pastor of their own lan- 
guage, and the Coetus therefore advised them to join them- 
selves to one or the other of the Dutch and French Churches, 
f ' selon que la langue Flamende ou Francoise luy sera famil- 
liere." 

In 1660 the French, Italian, and Dutch ministers addressed 
King Charles, and Kennett in his Chronicle mentions "the 
worthy Italian minister Mr. Bresinal." In 1648 Evelyn says 
" I heard an Italian sermon in Mercus Chapel, one Dr. Mid- 
dleton, an acquaintance of mine preached." 



* The Italians in this year appointed a Fleming named Godfrey Mareschal, 
to be their postmaster. His appointment subscribed by many of the Italian 
merchants is in the Lansdown MSS. x. art. 25. 

f In 1575 the Coetus gave sentence on the appeal of Francisco Pouchi, a 
member of the Italian Church. 

In 1581 Marc Anthoine Piegases and Gaspar Gatti, members of this church 



Julio, surnamed Borgarucius, was an Italian physician, an exile for religion 
in 1569, was known to Sir William Cecil and Lord Cobham, and was physician 
to the Earl of Leicester. He was defendant in a cause at Doctors Commons 
which was several years pending, and had judgment against him, 



230 



THE GREEK CHURCH. 
Hog Lane, now Crown Street. 

The taking of Constantinople by Mahommed II. in 1453, 
and the death of the Emperor Constantine Palseologus com- 
pleted the overthrow of the Greek Christian Empire. Al- 
though Mahommed issued a proclamation promising toleration 
and indulgence, which induced great numbers of the Greeks 
to return to Constantinople, yet there were many who fled for 
protection to Italy, where they were received by the family of 
the Medici. 

The establishment of the Ottoman Empire at Constantinople, 
proved, like the wars in Flanders and the persecutions in 
France, of advantage to other parts of Europe. The Greek 
emigrants carried with them many Latin and Greek manu- 
scripts, which were thus rescued from oblivion, and they have 
since been circulated by the means of printing, to all parts of 
the globe. 

Some of the Greek families appear to have settled in Eng- 
land, but at what particular period or in what numbers, it is 
difficult to determine, for very little can now be discovered on 
the subject. The following facts however may be noticed : — 

On the 26th of October 1462 the King (Edw. IV.) gave the sum 
of 20s. in alms to " Georgio Teofolar de Constantynoble," (issue roll 
m. 2.) In 1489 George Brann, a Grecian, born at Athens, became 
Bishop of Dromore.— f Ward's Bishops of Ireland.) 

On a brass tablet against the wall in Landulph Church, 
Cornwall, is an inscription (under the imperial arms, proper, of 
the empire of Greece) to the memory of Theodore Palseologus, 
of Pesaro, in Italy (a lineal descendant of Thomas, second 
brother of Constantine, the last Emperor) who married Mary, 
daughter of William Balls, of Hadlye, Suffolk, and died 20th 
January 1636. Theodore, a son of the above was a sailor, 
and died at sea in 1693, and as his sister was married in 
Cornwall, (l the imperial blood perhaps still flows in the barge- 
men of Cargreen." — ( Archceologia 3 vol 18, p. 93. J 



231 

In 1627 a Greek, Nicodemio Mattaxa, took to Constanti- 
nople the art of printing which he had learned in England.* 
Evelyn in his Memoirs mentions a fellow Collegian in 1 638, 
Nathaniel Canopias, and that he was the first he had ever seen 
drink coffee, "which custom came not into England until thirty 
years afterwards." 

In the reign of Charles II. a " Henry Palaeologus," described 
as the son of a Gentleman, was a scholar at Merchant Taylor's 
School, as was also a Philip Constantine. 

It does not seem however that the Greek Refugees were ever 
in sufficient numberst to congregate for public worship, although 
there is in the parish of St. Ann, Soho, a chapel formerly 
known as fr the Greek Church," but having been used soon after 
1685 by a congregation of French Protestants, was after that 
period called (C L'Eglise des Grecs."+ It is now called Crown 
Street Chapel, and adjoins Greek Street, which was no doubt 
named after this chapel. 

There is the following Greek inscription || over the west door 
of the building— 

Erei o-omjpicp a^ot,. aveyepOrj o vaos stos vircp yevss EXXt^vcov. fiacriXcv- 
ovtos yakiqvorars KapoAa rs B^ y^ fjye/jiovevovTOS rs TropfyvpoievvqTS ap- 
Xovtos Kvpis IaKco/?8* ap^tepaTcvoi/Tos ts atSeot/xwrars Kvpis 'Eppt/cs ts 
Ko/x7ttcov8. Sta ScnravYjs tow avwOev yl roiv Xol7T(x>v ap^tepecov yl evyevcov. 

crvvSpofjLYjs Se rrjs rjjAuv TcnravoTrjTOS 5a/x8 loxrrj wpapvsrs €K€lvt]<; 

vrjcrs MrjXs. 

* Smith's (Thos.) Greek Church. 

f In the Bishop of London's return of foreigners in London in 1567, the 
number of " Gretians" is stated to be only two, viz. " John Simens, a Grecyan 
and his Svante." 

J Les Grecs, p. 113. 

|| The Author is indebted to his Friend Mr. Black, one of the Assistant Re- 
cord Keepers at the Rolls, for his kindness in decyphering this inscription, 
and for the following translation. 

In the year of Salvation aiDcxxxvn, arose this temple, for the nation of 
Greeks ; the most serene Charles the second being King, and the impurpled 
Prince Lord James being Duke ; the most Reverend Lord Henry Compton be- 
ing Bishop ; at the expense of the above, and of the other Bishops and Nobles; 
and of the flight of our humility from Samos, Jo of that Island of Melos. 



232 

It is very singular that this inscription should give the date 
of 1677, and that a church should be erected at this time for 
the use of the Greeks, who must be presumed to have been 
then reduced to very small numbers, for a very few years after- 
wards the building was used by the French Protestants. 

Upon referring to the records of St. Martin's parish, it ap- 
pears that the parishioners had certain lands, garden, and 
laystall on the west side of the Haymarket, for which the 
Earl of St. Albans exchanged 1 \ acre of land of which he had 
a lease, being part of a field called Kempe's Field. In 1676, 
this 1J acre was required for building the church of St. Ann, 
Soho, and the parish exchanged that also for an acre of ground 
called Bunches Close, and by letters patent of 3 1st May 1685, 
the King granted e{ all that piece or parcel of ground lying 
and being in or near Kemp's Fields or Bunches Close afore- 
said, whereon the said fabric of a church, late called the 
Greek Church, now used by the French Protestants, and almes 
houses are erected ; and also the same fabric of a church and 
almes houses" (containing by admeasurement 97 feet by 147,) 
to hold the same in trust for the poor of St. Martin's in the 
Fields for ever.* 

A small piece of ground was taken out of the land for a 
burial groundf for the alms people and others, which was con- 
secrated by Bishop Compton, 21st March 1685. 

The obscurity in which the history of this Greek Church is 
enveloped, has been considered a sufficient reason for collect- 
ing in these pages the scattered information bearing on the 
subject. It may be of use also to add for the guidance of those 
who may feel inclined to search for further elucidation, that no 
reference to the subject has been met with in the Bishop of 
London's Registry. 

* It was all sold by the parish to Mr. Const in 1818, by virtue of an act of 
the 58 Geo. 111. 

f It is said in the neighbourhood that this is now covered in as a school 
room, adjoining the north side of the building. 



233 



CHAPTER X. 

THE SWISS CHAPEL, THE GERMAN LUTHERAN CHAPEL ROYAL, 
THE GERMAN LUTHERAN CHAPELS IN TRINITY LANE, THE 
SAVOY, LITTLE AILIE STREET, AND HOOPER SQUARE ; THE 
DANISH AND NORWEGIAN CHAPEL, AND THE SWEDISH CHAPEL. 



THE SWISS CHAPEL, 
Or LSEglise Helvetique, Moor Street, Seven Dials. 

This congregation was formed about the year 1762; it is 
believed that they met originally at Castle Street Chapel, but 
in 1775, the present chapel in Moor Street was erected, and 
chiefly by the zeal of Mr. Francois Justin Vulliamy,* a gen- 
tleman who settled in this country from Berne. The chapel, 
which is very neat and commodious, is almost hidden from the 
view from the Street; it was opened on the 17th December 
1775, and a list of the contributors appears on the wall of the 
organ gallery. The cost was £1425. Os. 7d. It was repaired 
in 1805, "under the direction of Mr. John James Vallotton." 

There must, however, have been considerable numbers of 
Swiss in England prior to 1762, for in the vestry are preserved 
some colours, with this inscription : — 

" These colours were presented by King George the Second in 
1 745 to the Swiss residents in this country, as a mark of the sense 
which His Majesty was graciously pleased to entertain of the offer 
made by them of a battalion of 500 men, towards the defence of the 
kingdom on the occasion of the rebellion." 

* On the right of the pulpit is a small tablet with the following inscription : 
"Consacre par l'Eglise Helvetique a la memoiie de son Fondateur, Francois 

Justin Vulliamy, ami zele et cheri de ses Compatriotes. Mort le Ire Decem- 

bre, 1797, age de 84 ans." 

g2 



234 



The service is that of the Protestant Churches in Switzer- 
land, and the same as is, with occasional slight differences, 
adopted among the Protestants in France and Holland. The 
head of the illustrious House of Orange was, during his exile, 
a constant frequenter at this chapel. 

The register is a long narrow folio, endorsed — 

" Registre Baptistaire de l'Eglise Helvetique comence le 17 Juillet 
1762," 

and is intituled — " Au nom de Dieu Amen ;" and the last 
entry is in 1839.* 

EXTRACTS. 



1762 



1764 

1768 

1788 



Eliz. Delesdernier 
Eliz. Channel 
Jean Pierre Henriot 
Claude Richard 
F. M. R. Rivaz 
Williams Matild 



1797 Cha s Ja s Blanchenay 

1799 H y D. Chauvet 

1801 Fra s N. Chauguoin 

1824 Julie Adell Matthey 

1826 Anne P. A. Constance 



The following ministers officiated here — 



1762 



1765- 



A. Bugnion 
Anthoine Jaq 9 

Roustan 
Th. Abauzit 
Alex r Sterky Pastor 

and President! 1792—1838 
B n Creesy . . 1828 



■1791 
1801 



Rojoux . . 

Baup 

J. S. Pons 
J n P re Gaberel 
L. Leuthold . . 
Louis Audemars 



1831 

1838 
1829 
1839 

>> 

1840 



* At the other end of the book is a "Registre des Catechumenes instruits 
par les Pasteurs de l'Eglise Helvetique a Londres." 

f On the tablet on the left of the pulpit is the following inscription : 

"Consacre par l'Eglise Helvetique a la memoire de son Pasteur Alexander 
Sterky, ne a Morges, Canton de Vaud, le 25 Mai 1767, decede a Londre, le 2 
Aout 1838. Respeete et cheri de son Troupeau, dont il fut pendant 46 ans le 
conducteur devoue et fidele." 

" Mr. Sterky was professor of the French language and Belles Lettres to the 
late Princess Charlotte, from whom he received many distinguished marks of 
favor and regard, and this lamented Princess shewed the esteem she felt for her 
preceptor and his pastoral office, by twice attending divine service within this 
Chapel's humble walls," 



235 

The present officers of the church are 

Julius Bordier, president of the consistory ; John Louis Paschier, 
treasurer ; and J. L. Favre, secretary. 



THE GERMAN LUTHERAN ROYAL CHAPEL. 
The German Lutheran Royal Chapel, St. James's, was founded 
by Queen Anne and her Consort, Prince George of Denmark, 
about the year 1700, when two chaplains, a reader, and the 
necessary officers were appointed to it. 

For the perpetual establishment of this chapel, certain Crown 
lands with mines in Cornwall were settled on it, from the pro- 
duce of which, the salaries of the chaplains, &c, the pensions 
granted to their widows, the expences of keeping the chapel in 
repair, and also a yearly donation for the relief of the German 
Protestant poor attending the chapel, were to be paid. 

Under the administration of Sir Robert Walpole, the pro- 
perty settled on the chapel was sold, together with other Crown 
lands, to make up a loan of one million granted by King 
George II. 

On the office of the revenue of the Crown lands being 
abolished by the Act called Mr. Burke's Bill, the salaries and 
other allowances to the chaplains, &c, hitherto paid without 
any deduction, were transferred to the civil list, in consequence 
of which transfer they were gradually reduced to two thirds 
of their original amount, viz. : the salary of the first chaplain 
from £300. to £203., that of the second chaplain from £270. 
to £183. 12s., and the reader's salary from £70. to £49. 12s. 
The perquisites formerly enjoyed by the chaplains, and the an- 
nual grant for the poor have been taken away entirely. 

The German chapel was originally situated in the interior 
of the palace of St. James's. In 1781 it was exchanged for 
the present chapel, which up to that time, and since it had 
ceased to be a Catholic chapel, had been the Dutch and 



236 

French Protestant chapel. Soon after this exchange, the late 
Queen Charlotte presented to the German chapel an organ and 
the large picture over the altar, painted by Ramberg, repre- 
senting Christ in Gethsemane. 

In 1831, his late Majesty King William IV. presented the 
chapel with a larger and better organ, and also with a picture 
by Bendixen, representing the Widow's mite, which is placed 
in the ambassador's gallery. The chapel itself was built 
by Inigo Jones, and is considered a very fine specimen of 
architecture. 

The service in the German chapel begins with the reading 
of the greatest part of the morning prayers and lessons, trans- 
lated from the Common Prayer Book. 

The chaplains are, on vacancy, appointed by the Sovereign, 
and sworn into their office by the Bishop of London, as Dean 
of the Chapel Royal. 

The salaries of the chaplains having become so much re- 
duced that they could not subsist on them when married, the 
two chaplaincies were united into one in 1819, on the death 
of the Rev. C. H. Giese, when the Prince Regent appointed 
Dr. Kuper sole chaplain.* 

LIST OF THE CHAPLAINS OF THE GERMAN ROYAL CHAPEL SINCE ITS 
FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. 

Rev. Mecke, D.D., who came over with Prince George of Den- 
mark; died 1711. 

Rev. Anton Wilhelm Bdhme, from 1705 — 1722, when he died.f 

Rev. Georg. Andreas Ruperti, from 1711 — 1731, when he died. 

Rev. Friederick Michael Ziegenhagen, D.D.,J from 1722 — 1776, 
when he died. 

Rev. Henry Alard Butjenter, from 1732 — 1771, when he died. 

* The author is indebted to the kindness of the Rev. Dr. Kuper for these 
particulars. 

f Dr. Bohme was greatly instrumental in promoting Christianity in foreign 
parts. He was also the author of Enchiridion Precum 1707 5 a volume of Dis- 
courses and Tracts in English ; several Sermons, &c. 

X Dr, Ziegenhagen. 



237 

Rev. Samuel Theodor Albinus, as Assistant Chaplain, from 1749— 
1765, when he returned to Germany. 

Rev. August Wilhelm Lueder, from 1765 — 1770, when he returned 
to Hanover. 

Rev. Joh. Christian Velthusen, D.D., from 1770 — 1774, when he 
was promoted in Hanover. 

Rev. Christian Ludw. Gerling, D.D., from 1774 — 1777, when he 
was appointed Professor at the University of Rostock. 

Rev. Henry Otto Schrader, from 1776 — 1802, when he died. 

Rev. Joh. Geo. Fred. Mithoff, from 1777 — 1788, when he was pro- 
moted in Hanover. 

Rev. Geo. J. H. Rohrs, from 1788 — 1797, when he was promoted 
in Hanover. 

Rev. Christian Hermann Giese, from 1797 — 1819, when he died. 

Rev. William Kuper, D.D., from 1802. 

The Registers are comprised in two quarto books, intituled " Kir- 
chenbuch der Koniglichen deutschen Hof Capelle in St. James's." — 
The first contains Baptisms and Marriages intermingled, horn. 1712 
to 1759 : the second contains 196 Baptisms from 1760 to 1836. 



THE HAMBROUGH LUTHERAN OR HIGH GERMAN 
LUTHERAN CHURCH. 

This church is situated in Great Trinity Lane near Doctors' 
Commons. The register (a folio book handsomely bound) 
contains baptisms, marriages, and burials, and commences 
about 1673. 

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 

1673 Elizabeth Martens, B. Dni. Pastoris Gerhardi Martens Filiam. 
1676 Johan Jacob, Conversus Judseus. 

1693 Theodore John, a converted Jewish Rabbi. 

1 695 Susanna Hippens, upon London Bridge, Physician. 

1694 Gustav Otte Steenbock, Count Steenbock's son. 

1729 Henry son of Nicolas Behrens and Barbara his wife, (God- 
father, Johann Rudolph Ocho, the King's Engraver in the 
Tower.) 



238 

1702 Sir Marten Beckman, chief Ingenieur of England, and Comp- 
troller of the Fireworks from the Tower. 

1692 Dominus Ivert Briack, Pastor Ecch Danica, in Wapping and 
Ambrosia Michelsea.* 
Some of the ministers appear to have been — 



Gerharde Martens . . 1 673 

Mentzer .. 1718 

Henry Walker Gerdes 1724 
Philip DavidKrauter,D.D. 1742 



Dohme 



John Christ 1 " Benthin 

Charles Busse . . 1838 

Adolphus Walbaum .. 1838 



ST. MARY'S GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH IN THE 

SAVOY. 

In the year 1692, the members of the Hambrough Lutheran 
Church in the city disagreed among themselves, as to the 
election of a pastor, whereupon those of them who resided 
west of Temple Bar, formed themselves into a separate body, 
and met at first in some rooms. Under the auspices of Wil- 
liam III. they afterwards used an old Jesuit chapel, which 
was opened for them on the 19th Sunday after Trinity, when 
Mag r Irenaus Crusius (their first minister) preached. After 
the arrival of King George I. from Hanover, it was attended 
by many distinguished Germans. t 

The present chapel in the Savoy (See page 111,) was built 
under the superintendence of Sir Wm. Chambers, and is much 
admired for its interior. It was opened in 1768. George III. 
added many munificent gifts and important privileges to it, 
and it still continues to enjoy royal patronage. 

* The Rev. Iver Brink, of Wellclose Square Chapel. 

f In 1721 there was bequeathed to the congregation, a spacious burial 
ground, which was consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Many noble 
personages are interred here — the Baron von Alvenslehen, the Hanoverian 
Ambassador, the noted Lady Schwelenberg, keeper of the Queen's wardrobe, 
&c, &c. 



239 

There have been for upwards of a century, schools for boys 
and girls connected with this congregation ; they are now sup- 
ported partly by endowment and subscription, and by the 
indefatigable zeal of the present pastor, the venerable Rev. 
Dr. Steinkopff. 

THE MINISTERS. 

Magister Irenaus Crusius, 1694 — 1705, when he left to become 

Chaplain to the Court of Stockholm. 
George And. Ruperti, 1706 — 1730, he also officiated at the German 

Chapel Royal, St. James's. 
Henry Werner Palm, 1730 — 1738, who left to become Pastor at 

Libenau. 
Justus Christopf Barteldes, 1738—1741. 
John Richard Pittius, 1742 — 1768, he laid the foundation stone of 

the present chapel, and has left behind him a most excellent 

name. 
John Gustav Burgmann, 1768 — 1774, died Pastor of Muhlheim on 

the Rhine. 
Johann Wolf, 1775, died Pastor at Vaels near Aachen. 
Adam Lampert, 1775 — 1781. 
Dr. John Gottlieb Burckhardt, 1781—1801. In the year 1794, 

during his Incumbency, the Centenary of the Establishment of 

this Church was celebrated. 
C. F. A. Steinkopff, D.D., the present Minister. 

The register books (eight in number,) are in the German 
language. The first register from 1694 to 1771, is thus in- 
tituled — 

"Kirchen Buch, darinnen die Nahmen, Der getaufFten Kinder, 
Der getrauten Ehelente, und Der Verstorbenen, etc., vo viel deren 
bey der Evangelischen Gemeine in der Savoy allhie zu London. Von 
anno mdcxciv. Aufgezeichnet durch M. Irenseum Crusium Leston 
Pranger daploft. 



240 

ST. GEORGE'S GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH, 
Little Alie Street, Goodmans Fields, Whitechapel. 

This church was built by several rich sugar refiners in the 
year 1763, and is at present by far the most frequented of the 
German churches in London. 

The ministers were — 
The Rev. Dr. Gustav Anton Wachsel, appointed 1763, died 1799. 
The Rev. Dr. Christian E. A. Schwabe, appointed 1799, died the 

28th February, 1843. 
The Rev. Dr. Louis Cappel, appointed on the 6th August 1843, the 
present minister. 

Connected with this church is the St. George's German 
and English School, founded in the year 1805, and supported 
by voluntary contributions. There are at present nearly 150 
children, boys and girls, instructed in the German and English 
languages, and the other usual branches of national education; 
and the girls in plain needlework. There is also a Ladies' 
Clothing Society, providing annually nearly 100 children of 
poor German families, with all articles necessary for their 
clothing. 

The register comprises baptisms and burials, from 1763 to 
the present time. 



THE GERMAN REFORMED (OR CALVINISTIC) CHURCH, 

Formerly in the Savoy, but now in Hooper Square, Goodmans 

Fields. 

This church which has existed upwards of a century, was 
removed from the Savoy on the building of Waterloo Bridge. 

In the old chapel very few baptisms and burials have taken 
place, and those have been entered in the church book, which 
contains the laws and regulations and a statement of the pro- 
perty of the congregation. In the present chapel is a register 



241 

of baptisms and burials, but it only commences in 1820. The 
minister is the Rev. Dr. Tiarks ; the trustees, W. Hook, Esq. 
H. F. Tiarks, Esq. and M. Million, Esq., with ten elders and 
twelve deacons. 



THE DANISH AND NORWEGIAN CHURCH. 

This church was built about the year 1693, for the use of 
the seafaring persons of Denmark and Norway. The letters 
patent of 4th May, 6 Wm. and Mary, give to Martin Lionfeld 
and Theora WegerslofFe, Norway merchants residing in Eng- 
land, and to their executors, &c, licence to build a church in 
Marine Square, (now called Wellclose Square,) for the Danes 
and Norwegians of the Augustin faith, and to appoint a 
minister, deacons, &c. A lease was accordingly obtained from 
Sir Michael Heneage and others, of a piece of ground in Well- 
close for 999 years, at £5. per annum. 

The church regulations were drawn up on the 9th March 
1691, and the first stone was laid on the 19th April 1694,* by 
the Danish Ambassador, on behalf of the King of Denmark, 
and the church was consecrated on the 15th November 1696. 
The building was from a design of Mr. Caius Gabriel Cibber, 
the sculptor, the father of Colley Cibber, the poet laureat. 
The interior is of excellent proportions and arrangements, with 
two galleries at the west end and an excellent organ. Over 
the Communion Table is a painting representing the Angel 
strengthening our Saviour in Gethsemane. The pulpit is 
elaborately carved, and at the side is a small iron and gilt 
open-work box containing four hour glasses. Opposite the 
pulpit is the royal pew, enclosed with sash windows, which 
was used in 1768 when Christian VII. visited England. 

* Mr. Lionfeld was appointed superintendent of the building and treasurer 
of the funds. Until the church was finished the congregation met in Old 
Giavel Lane. 

h2 



242 

Upwards of £2000. was subscribed by the King of Den- 
mark^ besides an annual sum for its support, which has been 
continued up to within the last thirty years. Annual collec- 
tions were also made at the churches in Denmark and Norway, 
and the amounts remitted to London for the maintenance of 
the minister, poor, &c. 

The only register now to be found, is in the possession of 
Mr. Alsing, son of the last churchwarden. It is a folio in 
vellum, extending from the 13th of June 1802 to the 20th of 
October 1816, and containing a list of communicants, among 
whom are the Danish prisoners of war, great numbers of whom 
communicated, upon the Danish minister attending the prison 
ships for that purpose. The Irresistible and Bahama at Chat- 
ham in 1809 and 1810,— the Brave at Plymouth in 1811,— 
the Buckingham, Nassau, Fryen, &c, &c. were visited for 
this religious service. Then follows a list of confirmations, 
eighteen baptisms, one marriage,* and twelve burials. The 
burials extend to 1833, and were confined to the vault under 
the communion table.f 

On the 22nd of May 1774, Mr. Clause Heide, the elder of 
the congregation, died, and left the church a legacy of £200. 
Those who followed him in office became involved in difficulties, 
and one Poul Weideman appears to have burned all the re- 
cords of the church, including no doubt the registers of bap- 
tisms, marriages, and burials. 

The ministers of this church were — 

Iver Brink* .. .. 1690—1702 

Jorgen Ursin 

* 1814, Captian Kroger and Miss Netzer. f Bisat i Kirkens Hvelving. 

t He came to Ireland with the Danish troops, and left the encampment at 
Limerick 23rd August 1691 for this church, where he preached for a short time 
and left ; but returned again in 1692. During his short absence, the Rev. Neil 
Gram officiated. Mr. Brink's portrait is still preserved in the vestry, and an 
engraving of him is also to be found in "Wolff's Samlinger," where he is 
called " Mag r Iver Brink, den forste Pra;st til den Danske og Norske Lutherske 
Kirke i London, begyndt at Brygges 10th April 1692, indwiet 15th November 
1696, O.S." 



243 

Phillip Julius Borneman, F.R.S. 

Soren Poulsen* .. .. 1725—1748 

Michelsenf .. .. 1770 

Hans Christian Roede . . . . 1 7 7 1—1 7 74 
Hans Hammond .. .. 1775 

Andreas Charles Kierulff . . . . 1816 

Many particulars however, with several of the documents, 
have been collected in a work now very scarce, published in 
1802 at Copenhagen by a former elder, the late Ernst Frid- 
rick Wolff, Esq., with the title of « Samlinger til Historien af 
den Danske og Norske Evangeliske Lutherske Kirke i Lon- 
don dens Opkomst Fremgang og Tilstand." In this work will 
be found the articles of the church, a copy of the lease of the 
ground, the letters patent, the list of contributions to the 
church, the letters, &c. from the Kings of Denmark, — and the 
inscriptions on the monuments in the chapel. 

The monuments are dedicated to Jane, the wife of Caius 
Gabriel Cibber, — Christian Wegersloffand his three wives, — 
Anna Penelope, wife of Captain Falkener, — Ambrosia, widow 
of the Rev. Mr. Borneman, — John Collett, — Herman Pohl- 
man, — Claude Heide, — the wives of George Wolff, — Ernst 
Fridrick Wolff,—George Wolff, Danish Consul, 1828, aet 92, 
Peter Alsing, — the last Churchwarden, &c, &c. ; many others 
were buried in the vault; J as, General Albert Borgard, 1751, 
aet 92,— Major General Borgard, 1762, aet 52,— &c, &c. 

The church was for many years, and until lately, used by an 
individual known as " Boatswain Smith," but it has been lately 
let to the British and Foreign Sailors' Society, who have put 
it into complete repair, and English service is regularly per- 
formed there. 

* Died 24th April 1748. f Died 5th July 1770. 
J The lease prohibited burials except under the church. The whole ground 
demised was 125 feet long by 75 feet broad, and was to be planted with forty 
lime trees, and surrounded by a pallisado fence. 



244 



THE SWEDISH CHURCH, 
Princes Square, Hatcliff, called, " Ulrica Eleonora"* 

A meeting of several individuals of Sweden took place on 
the 1st of March 1710, when a church community was formed, 
and a meeting-house belonging to the Baptists in Radcliff 
Highway, was rented and occupied until 1728. The congre- 
gation put themselves under the superintendence of Dr. Sweed- 
berg, bishop of Skara, the father of the celebrated Emanuel 
Swedenberg.f 

The congregation having determined to build a church in 
Princes Square, the whole control of the building was vested 
in their minister, Dr. Serenius. The ground was accordingly 
obtained, the first stone was laid on the 15th of May 1728, and 
it was consecrated on the Michaelmas day following. The cost 
of the church was £1204 : 17 : 7. 

The articles of the church were subsequently drawn up by 
the Swedish Ambassador, Baron Nollekens, and are entered 
in a book,? and subscribed with the sign manual of Gustavus 
III. ; to which is affixed the royal seal of Sweden. 

The church is supported by a government allowance from 
Sweden of £300. per annum., the pew rents, and a duty of 
three half-pence per ton on all Swedish vessels coming to the 
port of London. In consequence of the closing of the Danish 
and Norwegian Church in Well Close Square, the Norwe- 

* So named after Ulrica Eleonora, the sister and successor of Charles XII. 

f Swedenberg is buried in the vault of this church, and many of his follow- 
ers visit the place of his burial. 

J These articles provide, — 

Allegiance to the King of Sweden, so far as it does not interfere with that to 
the King of England. 

The Swedish Ambassador to be the protector and intercessor of the congre- 
gation at the courts of London and England, and chairman of the vestries. 

The minister of the church to be chaplain to the embassy. 

The congregation to belong to the diocese of Upsal. 

The church affairs to be governed by the minister, three trustees, and twelve 
churchwardens. &c. &c. 



245 



gian government has since the 20th of July 1824 contributed 
£100. per annum towards the support of this church, and 
the congregation is accordingly increased by the subjects of 
Norway. 



THE MINISTERS. 

1. Dr. Martin Hegardt* 

2. Olaus Nordborg, M. A. 

3. .Dr. Jacob Sereniusf 

4. Tobias Elias Biork 

5. Dr. Carl Noring 

6. Arvid Ferelius, M. A. 

7. Aron Mathesius, M. A. 

8. Andreas Leufvenius| . . 

9. Samuel Conradi Nisser, M. A. 

10. Dr. Gustaf Brunnmark 

1 1 . Olif Svanander|| 

12. Lars Christian Tunelius 

13. Dr. Johan Peter Wahlin . . 

14. Cornelius Rahmn§ 

15. Gustaf Wilhelm Carlson, M. A. 



1710—1712 

1712—1723 

1723—1735 

1735—1749 

1749—1761 

1761—1773 

1773—1784 

1784—1790 

1791—1802 

1802—1814 

1814—1815 

1816 

1818—1832 

1833—1840 

1840 



The church appears to have been built after the model of 
that in Well Close Square, as it much resembles it. Over the 
communion table is an oval painting of the last supper, and in 
the vestry are portraits of Baron Nollekens, in his state robes, 
- — Bishop Serenius, — M. Biork,— M. Ferelius, — Dr. Wahlin, 
— and Mo Rahmn. 



* Afterwards Dean of Lund in Sweden ; Charles the Xllth. lived two years 
in the Dean's house at Lund, and stood sponsor for one of his sons. 

t Afterwards Bishop of Strengnas in Sweden. 

J Died in London, and buried in the vault of the church. 

|| Died in Africa. 

§ During the first year of Mr. Rahmn's incumbency, an Auxiliary Missi- 
onary and Tract Society was established, in connexion with the Missionary 
Society at Stockholm. It is still carried on under the superintendence of the 
present minister, the Rev. Mr. Carlson, who has furnished the particulars of 
the Swedish Church for this volume. 



246 

The registers are three in number : — A folio of baptisms, 
marriages, and burials, from 1723 to 1790; one of burials, from 
1798 to the present time ; and one of baptisms and marriages, 
from 1803 to the present time. The burials take place in the 
vault, and also in the churchyard ; in the former are interred 
Baron Nollekens, — Dr. Solander, the naturalist, — &c., &c. 



247 



CHAPTER XL 

THE FRENCH PROTESTANT CHURCHES IN IRELAND. 



DUBLIN. 

It has been already stated that there were congregations of 
French Refugees settled at Dublin, Cork, Kilkenny, Water- 
ford, Lisburn, and Portarlington. Some few particulars of 
them will now be given. 

In Dublin there were three congregations, one Episcopal, 
and two of the Protestant Church of France. 

The Episcopalian Congregation was attached to St. Patrick's 
Cathedral, and on the 23rd of December 1664 the Dean and 
Chapter granted them the use of St. Mary's Chapel, provided 
that they adhered to the rites and discipline of the Church of 
Ireland and continued subject to the jurisdiction of the Arch- 
bishop of Dublin. The grant was from time to time renewed, 
and the chapel continued to be appropriated to the use of the 
same congregation until the year 1816.* Whitelaw, however 
in his History of Dublin, states that the congregation was 
existing in 1818, and consisted of about twenty persons, and 
that the government allowed the minister, the Rev. Mr. 
Letablere, £150. per annum. 

Another congregation met in a place of worship in Peter 
St., Dublin, which was for many years in a dilapidated state, 
but has been very recently removed altogether. f It is believed 

* Mason's St. Patrick's, p. 196. 

f It is believed that there were funds belonging- to one or both of these con- 
gregations, but the Author has been unable to discover the particulars, or in 
what manner they are now disposed of 



248 

that the ministers were usually provided from Geneva. There 
were, and it is believed still are, two burial places in Dublin 
belonging to the French Protestants ; one of them adjoins St. 
Stephen's Green, the very best part of the City, and is appa- 
rently maintained in excellent order : of this last cemetery the 
present trustees, or at least some of them, are members of the 
opulent and highly respectable family of La Touche. 

The third congregation met in a meeting-house in Lucas 
Lane, 

In 1723 a school was established in Myler's Alley, Patrick's 
Close, for the maintenance and education of the children of the 
French Refugees, and was supported by the interest of Deben- 
taws, an occasional charity sermon, and a few subscriptions.* 

Among the French Refugees were many of the higher classes. 
The manufacture of silk was from Spitalfields introduced into 
the liberties of Dublin. The cultivation of flowers was for- 
merly but little attended to, and exotics were scarcely known in 
Dublin before the reign of George I. — At that time the resi- 
dent refugees formed themselves into a "Florists' Club:" they 
held their meetings for many years at the Rose Tavern, in 
Drumcondra Lane, (now Dorset Street,) and adjudged pre- 
miums to members, as is commonly done in the present day in 
England. 

The first Literary Journal which ever appeared in Ireland 
was established in 1744, by the Rev. Mr. Droz, who kept a 
book shop in College Green, and exercised his clerical func- 
tions on Sunday. It was continued after his death by the Rev. 
Mr. Desveaux. The History of Greece by Dr. Gast has re- 
ceived the merited eulogy of the Provost and Fellows of the 
University. The bar is also indebted to the legal knowledge 
of the French Protestants. The grandfather of the Attorney 
General Saurin was a favorite of William III., and his grand- 
father's brother was the celebrated preacher Saurin. — ( White- 
law , p. 84 1. J 

* Whitelaw's Dublin, p. 643. 



249 



CORK. 

This congregation was numerous and respectable, and prin- 
cipally settled in one locality in the City, which now forms a 
considerable portion of the Parish of St. Paul. It was here 
(in French Church Street) that their chapel was built, capable 
of accommodating four hundred persons. The rector of St. 
Paul's has now a deed, dated 29th April 1712, by which Jo- 
seph Lavit and Elias Lasarre, demised to the congregation of 
French Protestants residing in the City, Suburbs, and Liberties 
of Cork, a plot of ground, containing fifty feet from north to 
south, situate on the north east Marshe of Cork, which they 
had that day taken for the use of the congregation, from Henry 
Lumley, to build a convenient house to meet in for the service 
of Almighty God, for a term of 999 years, at £6 : 5 : per an- 
num. The deed is witnessed by H. Mainauduc and Jean 
Jagaultz,* 

The refugees were all engaged in trade, as merchants, dis- 
tillers, sugar refiners, or in other commercial pursuits and 
callings ; among the names, were those of Lavitte, Ardouin, 
Cazalette, De la Milliere, Cossart, De la Main, De la Cour, 
Laulke, Pelion, Bussy, Allenette, Robinette, Besnard, Ma- 
ziere, Pique, Boneval, Demejour, Ponteth, Malet, Hardi, and 
Fountaine. The late Rev. John Madras who came from Ams- 
terdam to Cork in 1735, was on the lGth and 23rd of Sep- 
tember 1739 episcopally ordained deacon and priest for this 
Huguenot Congregation. M. Madras had also preferments 
in the diocese of Cork and Ross — he died in September 1773 
and was interred in the French Churchyard. 

M. Madras was succeeded by the Rev. John Pic, the father 
of the late Sir Vesian Pic. Mr. Pic also held preferment in 
a neighbouring diocese, and on his decease was succeeded by 

* This chapel was afterwards lent to a body of the Primitive Methodists, 
who have built a house for their minister, and a school room, and now claim 
the whole property as their own. 

i2 



250 

the Rev. Mr. Goedval, a native of Switzerland, and on his 
decease, about the year 1813, the congregation which had pre- 
viously dwindled away to one or two individuals, entirely ceased 
to exist. 



PORTARLINGTON, WATERFORD, LISBURN, &c. 

William III. had a regiment of French Refugees at the 
Battle of the Boyne, and when peace was established they 
settled in Ireland, some at Waterford, and some in Lisburn, 
where congregations were existing in 1818. The most impor- 
tant colony was that established at Portarlington, in the 
Queen's County, where their pastor was paid by the Govern- 
ment.* It was long celebrated for the seminaries established 
there.f It was in high repute for the excellent opportunities 
it afforded for, and was resorted to by all who deemed an 
accurate knowledge of French an essential part of education. 
It was the language in common use there.* 

The policy of the Government during the last century having 
been to encourage the Church of England, and the laws 
against dissenters having been enforced with some strictness, 
it had a natural tendency to drive such of the refugees or their 

* The father of the present Dean of Ossory was the last pastor at Portar- 
lington. 

f Other French Protestants were established in Ireland, and it is said that 
estates of considerable value were set apart by the Irish Parliament, and vested 
in trustees for that specific purpose ; also that a portion of the estates granted 
by William III. to Henri de Ruvigny, the celebrated Earl of Galway, — were, 
after his death (about 1722) allocated and applied for this purpose. 

I Whitelaw's Dublin, vol. II, 840. 

Note. It should have been noticed at page 19, that there were settlements 
of French Refugees at Berlin, Halle, Magdebourg, Lipstadt, Cle\ es, Wesel 3 
and Preuslo, and at Kcenigsberg in Prussia. (Histoire de V Establissement des 
Frangois Refugiez dans les Etats de Son Altesse Electorate de Brandebourg. 
Par €. Ancitton, Chancellier. Berlin, 1690. J 



251 

descendants as held office under the Crown, or hoped for the 
favour of Government, to join the Episcopal Church. From 
this cause and the preference given to the English language by 
the descendants of the refugees, the French congregations 
rapidly diminished in wealth and numbers, during the latter 
part of the last century — so much so, that it is believed that 
there is no French Protestant congregation now existing in 
any part of Ireland.* 

* The Author is indebted to Joseph Moore La Barte, Esq., of the Irish Bar 
for many of these particulars relating to Ireland, 



252 



CHAPTER XII 



FOREIGN MANUFACTURES, INTRODUCED OR IMPROVED 
BY THE REFUGEES. 

" In the reign of Edward the 6th there were only about 12 Milli- 
ner's shops in London, but about 1580 from the City of Westminster 
to London every street became full of them. Some of the wares 
sold by them were French or Spanish gloves, Flemish kersies, French 
cloth or frizado, owches, brooches, Venetian or Milanese agglets, 
Spanish daggers, swords, knives, and girdles, Milanese spurs, caps, 
glasses, painted cruses, dials, tables, cards, balls, puppets, penners, 
inkhorns, toothpicks, silk bottoms, and silver bottoms, fine earthen 
pots, hawk's bells, salt cellars, spoons and dishes of tin. This trade 
in foreign articles gave rise to this quaint observation of an old 
writer. " — 

" I mervail no man taketh heed to it, what number of trifles come 
hither from beyond the seas, that we might clean spare, or else make 
them within our Realm. For the which we either pay inestimable 
treasure every year, or else exchange substantial wares and necessary 
for them, for the which we might receive great treasure." (Brief 
conceit of English Poesy.) 

The latter of the alternatives pointed out by this writer was 
soon adopted, and the following manufactures were introduced 
or improved by the Refugees. 

Glass. — The Phoenician processes of glass making were 
supposed to have been learnt by the Crusaders, and transfer- 
red to Venice in the 13th century, where they were long held 
secret, and formed a lucrative commercial monopoly. The 
making of plate glass by blowing was carried on to a great 



253 

extent at the village of Murano, near Venice, and Europe was 
long supplied from this quarter with the finest and largest 
mirrors. 

In 1575 a privilege was granted under the great seal to 
James Verselyn, a Venetian, for making Venice glasses, and a 
glass house established at Greenwich is said to have soon 
blown finer metal than that obtained from Murano. 

We are indebted, however, to the French for the art of 
casting large plates of glass, which was introduced in 1 688 by- 
Abraham Thevenart ; and the French Refugees improved many 
branches of the manufacture, especially the chrystal branch,* 
and for a great part of the 18th century large quantities of 
glass bottles were exported to Holland. 

By letters patent, dated the 8th of September, 9th Eliz- 
abeth, licence was granted to Anthony Been, alias Dolyn, and 
John Care, (born in the low countriesf ) for twenty-one years, 
to build furnace houses, buildings, and other engines and instru- 
ments for melting and making of glass for glazing ; " such as 
is made in France, Loraine, and Burgundy, and to put in work 
the said art, feat, or mystery of making such glass." After 
this Peter Briet and Peter Appell (the assigns and deputies of 
John Care) complained that great quantities of glass were still 
imported from foreign countries ; the Queen therefore, in Oc- 
tober 1576, renewed the licence for twenty-one years, prohibit- 
ing the manufacture by other persons, and prohibiting the 
importation. The patentees were to pay the Queen for every 
case of glass, "of the fashion of Normandy," containing 
twenty -four tables of glass, 15d. ; and for every case of Loraine 

* John Dolland was brought up as a silk weaver in Spital Fields, but 
devoting himself to astronomy, his attention was given to the improvement of 
telescopes, and he commenced business as an optician. He invented the 
achromatic object glass, — the application of the micrometer to reflecting 
telescopes, &c. He died 1761. 

f In 1568 a licence was granted to Lucas de Hallye, Jun. and Cornelius de 
Hooghe, natives of Low Germany, for the practice of certain secret sciences. 
Cott. MSS. Faust, C. II. p. 113. 



254 

or Burgundy fashion, containing twenty bundles, 15d. ; and 
for the Waye of Hessen glass, containing sixty bundles, 3s. Id. 
The patentees were to charge for every case of Normandy 
fashion glass, containing one hundred and twenty feet, 32s., 
the case at the most ; for the bundle of Loraine or Bnrgundy, 
containing 10 feet, 21 d. the bundle ; the way of Hessen 
fashion glass for £3. at the most : and they were to teach the 
art to a convenient number of Englishmen, as should, accord- 
ing to the custom of London be bound to them. 

It appears that in 1589 there were fourteen glass houses in 
England,* and a great quantity of wood was used in the manu- 
facture, there was therefore a petition in that year, of George 
Longe, for a patent for making glass, urging as an inducement 
that he would only have two glass houses in England, and the 
rest in Ireland, whereby the English woods would be preser- 
ved, and the Irish superfluous woods used. — fLansd. MSS., 
vol. 59, 72. J 

About 1580 a grant was made (or prepared) for Sir Jerome 
Bowes, to erect furnaces and make drinking glasses, and other 
glasses, like to those made at Murano, cc to be sold wholesale 
or retail, — as good, cheap, or cheaper than those brought from 
Murano, and yet as good in value ;" and Sir Jerome was to 
provide all noblemen of the realm with sufficient store of drink- 
ing glasses, well fashioned, to be made in Murano or Venice, 
at reasonable prices, as theretofore sold for. This grant was 
not to commence until the expiration of a grant for twenty-one 

* In 1833 the number for Great Britain and Ireland was only 126, and the 
restriction and taxation on this article has compelled the public for some time 
past to look to France and Germany for cheap and beautifully coloured glass. 
Now that the Legislature has removed the duties, our home manfacture will no 
doubt soon equal any foreign production. 

Near Austin Friars was a glass house, where Venetian glasses were made, 
and Venetians employed in the work ; and Mr. James Howel, an ingenious 
man in King James the First's reign, was steward to this house and was after- 
wards clerk of the council to King Charles I. — Stow's London, p. 440. (The 
place afterwards became Pinner's Hall.) 



255 

years to James Verselin, dated 15th of December, 17th Eliz- 
abeth, and might be revoked in case of future amity with Ve- 
nice. — (Lansd. MSS. 3 vol. 67. J 

About 1670 a number of artists, the principal of whom was 
Rosetti, came from Venice, and were patronized by the eccen- 
tric Duke of Buckingham ; and a manufactory was established 
at Vauxhall, and was carried on with great success in the firm 
of Dawson, Bowles, and Co., excelling the Venetians and every 
other nation, in blown plate glass,* for looking glasses and 
coach windows. 

Silk, Brocade, Velvet, &c. — The introduction of the silk 
manufactures by the French Refugees, and their establishment 
first at Canterbury and then in Spital Fields and other places, 
are facts so notorious that there is little need to enlarge upon 
the subject in these pages. t It has been reckoned that Lyons 
employed at one time 1 8,000 looms in silk manufactures. But 
the disastrous effects of the Revocation gave a serious blow to 
their prosperity, and in the year 1698 the number of looms 
amounted only. to 4,000. At Tours the decay of trade was 
even more remarkable. This City before the Revocation, could 
boast of 800 mills for winding and preparing silk, and 8,000 
looms for weaving it, while 40,000 persons were employed in 
the manufacture : 3,000 looms were then at work in the manu- 
facture of ribbons alone. After the Revocation, Tours em- 
ployed only 70 mills, 1,200 looms, and about 4,000 workmen ; 
and the consumption of silk had fallen from 2,400 bales to 700 
or 800. 

The English manufacture of silk has gone on steadily 
advancing in quality and amount, so as to afford one of the 
most striking instances on record, in which an art borrowed 
from other nations, and employed on a material of entirely 

* Manning and Bray^s Surrey , vol. 4, 468. 

f Reference may be made to British Museum, 12 E. L. 326,— Charter for 
"Royal Lustring Company," 1692.— New Charter and Act of Parliament, 1698, 



256 

foreign growth, has been made at least to equal if it does not 
surpass the productions of those countries from which it was 
derived. The invention of the stocking frame enabled the 
manufacturer to export vast quantities of silk hose to Italy. 
These maintained their superiority for so long a period, that 
Keysler in his travels through Europe, as late as the year 
1730, remarks that " at Naples when a tradesman would 
highly recommend his stockings, he protests they are right 
English." The flowered silks manufactured in London were 
chiefly produced by M. Lauson, Mariscot, and Monceaux, 
and the first designer and pattern drawer was M. Baudoin. 
Evelyn, in his diary, says, " ] 652, 30th May, I inspected the 
manner of chambletting silk and grograms, at one Mr. La 
Doree's in Morefields." 

Gloves. — The manufacture of gloves, took its rise in the 
reign of Elizabeth, notwithstanding a licence the Queen had 
granted to Andreas de Loos, for making 200,000 pelts yearly, 
paying to Her Majesty 20s. per thousand. This licence was 
objected to, for that 

" It will overthrow the new trade of glovers, a late mouch growen 
up within London and other Cytyes, Townes, and Villages, that 
make gloves of shepe skyne, lame skynnes, and kid skynnes, and to 
have them vendible doe perfume them, and put them into dyverse 
colors and sortes of trymminge with lace, whereby few gloves come 
now from beyond sea, but be made still within the Realm." 

Wire. — English iron wire was formerly made and drawn 
by main strength. It is said that the first wire making was at 
Esher, in Surrey, by J. Mommer and D. Demetrius. In 
1662 a wire mill was set up near Richmond, and about the 
same time a saw mill was established near London, and both 
by Dutchmen. But it appears that in 1587 the governors of 
the wire works* petitioned the Queen for having the trade of 

* Perhaps Godfrey Box, of Liege, was connected with these works, as he is 
said to have erected in 1590 the first mill in England for drawing wire. 



257 

iron wire and wool cards, on the ground that many poor were 
maintained in Bristol, Gloucester,* Hereford, Coventry, Wor- 
cester., &c. — that the wire was made better than the wire from 
foreign parts, and that it was taken to France and made into 
card wire and wool cards, and brought back and sold in Eng- 
Ian d.—-t (Lansdown MSS., vol. 50, No. 22. j 

Hats. — The beaver or felt hats worn in the reign of Ed- 
ward III., and for a long time afterwards, were made in Flan- 
ders. The Refugees in Norfolk introduced the manufacture 
of felts and thrummed hats into that county, and by a statute 
of 5 and 6 Edward VI that trade was confined to Norwich 
and all other corporate and market towns in the county.* 

In 1 604 the felt-makers were incorporated as a company, by 
King James. 

Vegetables, &c. — It is said that Queen Catherine, the wife 
of Henry VIII, when in want of a salad, was obliged to send 
to Holland for it, and for some years afterwards all species of 
culinary vegetables were imported from the continent, chiefly 
from Flanders. The first growth of cabbages in England, was 
from seeds or plants, obtained from Artois,— they were raised 
near Arbroath Castle, and the first produce was sent as a 
tribute worthy of Queen Elizabeth's table. Since then a very 
profitable trade has arisen by market gardening, at Battersea, 
Fulham, Bermondsey, Deptford, and other places adjacent to 
the Metropolis. 

* Wire works are still existing' at Tintern Abbey, where the descendants of 
Joseph Laban, one of the early workmen, are living. Similar works were also 
established at Whitebrook and Redbrook on the Wye. — See Memoirs of 3Ton~ 
mouthshire. 

f This importation was prohibited by the 13 and 14 Car. II. cap. 19, being 
" an act against importing of foreign wool cards, card wire, or iron wire." 

J "About that time we suffered a great herd of French tradesmen to come 
in, and particularly hat-makers, who brought with them the fashion of making 
of a slight, coarse, mean commodity, viz. felt hats, now called " Carolinas," a 
very inferior article to beaver and demicastors, the former of which then sold 
at from 24s, to 48s. apiece "—(Hist ory of Trade. y 1702 J 

K2 



258 

Prior to 1685 the butchers of London, in disposing of bul- 
lock hides to the fellmongers, were accustomed to leave on, the 
tails. The French Refugees however bought, them up, and 
introduced into use that nutritious dish called ox tail soup. 

Sail Cloth.— Whether we are indebted to the French for 
our sail cloth may be questionable, but in a letter from S. 
Savil to Mr. Secretary Jenkins in 1681, — -he mentions that M, 
Bonhome, a Protestant linen draper of Paris, was about to 
emigrate with all his family to England, and says— 

" This man will be also able to give you some lights into the 
method of bringing the manufacture of sail cloth in England." * 

Clocks. — M. Fromantil, a Dutch clockmaker, came over to 
England and made pendulum clocks, one of the first of which 
was presented to the Royal Society. Clocks called " Dutch 
clocks" are now to be found in almost every cottage in the 
kingdom. 

Dyeing.— Till 1608 the English were not skilled in dyeing 
and dressing of woollen goods, but sent them to Holland white, 
where they were dyed and sold again to the English. In 1608 
Alderman Cockaine, on showing to the government the advan- 
tages to arise from cloths being dressed at home, obtained an 
exclusive patent to dress and dye cloths, and a proclamation 
against exporting white cloths ; but he failed to dye so well or 
so cheap as the Dutch, and the trade again went abroad, where 
it remained until the introduction of the Bow dye in 1643. In 
that year a document in the Lansd. MSS.— (vol. 24, art. 66 } ) 
recites that Pero Vaz Devora was sent from the King of Por- 
tugal into England, to make trial of the working of a certain 
commodity named " aneel," commonly called in English "blue 



* In 1669 our importation into France only amounted to £171,000, while 
the French imports into England were upwards of a million, of which Lockrara 
Dowlas and Canvas, alone, contributed £462,000. 



259 

ynde, wliicli cometh out of East Yndias and by repute is made 
of the flower and first croppe and cut of an herbe growing there 
whereof woade is made, not before this tyme practiced uppon 
wull or clothe in Englande :" that Pero Vaz had shewed the 
undersigned dyers of London how to use the same, who have 
made " perfite and durable colour of blue, azure, and watchette 
according to the nature of good woade." The dyers then cer^- 
tify that 40s. in aneel yields as much colour as 50s. of woade > 
and makes more oryent colour ; — that Pero Vaz was ready to 
shew its application to unwrought wool, if he were sent to places 
in the country where it is used. (27 April 1577.) 

A letter from Mr. Waad to Sir William Cecil states that 
Peter du Croix offers to set up the feat of dyeing and dressing 
of cloths, after the manner of Flanders. — (Lansd, MS$., voL 
9, 62 J 

A Fleming named Kepler* established the first dye house 
for scarlet in England, at Bow, near London, on which account 
the colour was called at first " Bow dye." — ( 'Encyclopedia , 
Metr.§,f.2\.) 

Bauer, a Fleming who came to England with his whole 
family in 1667, brought the art of dyeing woollen cloths to such 
perfection here, that It has ever since retained its reputation. 

Calico Printing. — Calico printing was introduced into 
England in the year 1690, by a Frenchman, who in all proba^ 
bility was a Refugee, and who established a small printing 
ground on the banks of the Thames at Richmond. A large 
manufactory was soon afterwards established at Bromley Hall 
in Essex, besides several others in the neighbourhood of Lon- 
don. About 1768 it was carried into Lancashire. 

Pins. — By two documents in the British Museum, it ap^ 
pears that for many hundred years prior to the reign of Eliza- 

* Evelyn calls him Dr. Keffler, and says that he married the daughter of y 6 
famous chymist Drebbell — inventor of the Bow-died scarlets 



260 

beth, pins were imported into England, but the art of making 
them was afterwards learnt of the Netherlander, and then the 
pinners and needle makers of London, petitioned that the im- 
portation might be restrained,* alleging that £40,000 worth 
were yearly brought into England. The Netherland merchants 
answered that the English could make good gross and stiff 
pins, but not so well the fine, used for linen and cambrick, 
" and as yet be only half masters, and ought not so soon to 
exclude their teachers." — (Lansd. MSS. vol. 84. c. 152. J 
The pinners reply that they can make fine pins, and by a new 
slight and invention, learnt of the strangers, two men would 
point more pins than 100 could formerly do, having only a file.f 

Tapestry. — A manufactory for tapestry was set up at Mort- 
lake in Surrey, in the reign of King James, who gave £2,000. 
towards the undertaking, and King Charles I. granted to Sir 
Francis Crane £2,000. annually for ten years, towards the 
maintenance of the work.} 

The 15th Car. II. cap. 15. is " an act for encouraging the 
manufactures of making linen cloth and tapestry ;" it recites 
that large quantities of linen cloth and tapestry are daily im- 
ported, while the materials for making them were more 
plentiful in England,— it then grants to natives and foreigners 
the right to exercise the trade in any place, corporate or non- 
corporate, and any foreigner, after three years, may enjoy the 
privileges of natural born subjects. 

Cambric. — This fabric was originally made at Cambray, in 
France, and for many years England did not pay to France 

* Fifth Elizabeth cap. 7. prohibits the importation, — 29th Dec. 1564, ad- 
mitted by proclamation. 

\ Until so late as the reign of Edward VI., and before pins became common 
and cheap, the substitutes were ribbons, loop holes, laces with points and tags, 
clasps, hooks and eyes 3 and skewers of brass, silver, and gold. The poor 
women in Wales used, up to a late period, the prickles of thorns curiously 
scraped, called pin draen. 

\ See ante p. 130. 



261 

less than £200,000. per annum for this article. This induced 
England to encourage the manufacture of it here,* and so 
prevent so much wealth from leaving the kingdom. Several 
French Refugees settled in Edinburgh early in the 18th cen- 
tury, to establish the manufactures of Cambray, in that city.f 

Draining and Waterworks.-— The employment of the 
Dutch and Walloons in draining various fens in England, has 
been already noticed, and that they established settlements at 
Thorney, Canvey Island, Sandtoft, &c. There was also in the 
reign of Elizabeth a proposal of Frederick Genefelli, an Ital^ 
i'an, to drain the fens in the Isle of Oxney, Kent ; and also a 
grant to Daniel Hongthsetter ("German born") to employ 
means for draining mines. — (Lansd. MSS. 110. J 

In 1582 was formed the plan, which ultimately gave rise to 
the London bridge waterworks. Stow says — + 

" This year Peter Moris, a Dutchman, but a free Denizen, having 1 
made an engine for that purpose, conveyed Thames water in pipes of 
lead over the steeple of St. Magnus Church, at the north end of Lon-* 
don bridge, and so into diverse men's houses in Thames Street, New 
Fish Street, and Grasse Street, up into the north west corner of 
Leadenhall, the highest ground of the Citie of London, where the 
waste of the first maine pipe ran first, this year 1582, on Christmasse 
eeven." Another engine was erected afterwards (1594) at Broken 
Wharf, Queenhithe, invented by Bevis Bulmar, " a most ingenious 
gentleman." || 

Captain Thomas Savery, who in 1698 obtained a patent for 
a steam engine, and whose name stands very prominently in 
connexion with this most useful invention of modern times, was 
a French Refugee. 

* See the 18th Geo. II. cap. 36 21st Geo. II. cap. 26.— 32nd Geo. II. cap. 

32.— and 4th Geo. III. cap. 37. 

f See letter at the London Walloon Church, signed Francois Bochar and 
Claude Paulin, (Edinburgh, 30th March 1732.)— requesting the form of church 
government. 

J Stow's Annals, p. 696. || Stou?s Annals, p. 769. 



262 

Coinage.' — The history of the coinage of the realm is not 
without some curious particulars relative to the Flemings, or 
Easterlings, from whom it is said was derived the name of our 
sterling money. These Flemings were brought here by Al- 
derman Lodge at the beginning of the reign of Queen Eliza- 
beth, and by her order, " for the refining of o r base coignes." 
Arthur Agade says he was 

" Famylyarlye acquaynted with Alderman Lodge, and this he 
toulde me, that the mooste of them in meltinge, fell sycke to deathe 
W th the savoure, so as they were advised to drynke in a dead man's 
skull for theyre recure : Whereupon he, w th others who had thouer* 
syght of that worke, procured a warrant from the counsaile to take 
of the heades uppon London bridge* and made cuppes thereof, 
whereof they dranke and founde some reliefe, althoughe the mooste 
of them dyed."f 

Ship Broking, &c. — In the reign of Edward VI. two 
brokers, strangers, prepared all assurances and policies, within 
the City of London, in the Italian language, but one Richard 
Candelier petitioned for the making of policies in English, 
that " the assewrers may understande where unto they sub- 
scry be."— (Lansd. MSS. vol. 22, 19. J 

A writer in 1702 says that half the barbers and perriwig 
makers were strangers, and adds with reference to the inunda- 
tion of foreigners, "that in a short time we may expect to have 
but little or no English blood left amongst us." 

Paper. — The County of Kent has been long famed for its 
manufacture of paper. It was at Dartford in this County that 
paper was first made in England. It is said that prior to the 
revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the only kind of paper 
made in England, was the coarse and brown. The particulars 
of the establishment of the first paper mill are recorded in a 

* It is well known that London bridge was the place where the heads of 
traitors and others were publicly exposed after their execution, 
f British Museum, Faustina, E. v. 10, 52, 



263 

Poem, by Thomas Churchyard, a Poet of the 16th century ^ 
from which a few lines relating to the individual by whom the 
mill was set up, are added. 

A description and playne discourse of paper, and the whole benefits 
that paper brings, with rehearsall, and setting foorth in verse a paper 
myll built near Darthforth, by an high Germaine, called master Spil- 
man, jeweller to the Queene's Majyestie. 

POEM, BY CHURCHYARD. 

(Then) he that made for us a paper mill, 

Is worthy well of love and worldes good will, 

And though his name be *S/?z//-man,* by degree, 

Yet Help-man now, he shall be calde by mee. 

Six hundred men are set at work by him, 

That else might starve, or seek abroade their bread ; 

Who nowe live well, and go full brave and trim, 

And who may boast they are with paper fed. 

* An high Germaine he is, as may be proovde, 
In Lyndoam Bodenze, borne and bred, 
And for this mille, may heere be truly lovde, 
And praysed too, for deep device of head. 
In 1598 he obtained an exclusive grant from the Queen, "that he only and 
no other should buy lynnen ragges, and make paper." — NicliolWs Progresses 
of Queen Elizabeth, vol. 2. p. 592. 



264 



Cite &eg#terg 

lRRIAGES, AND BURIALS, ' 
AND OTHER PROTESTANT REFUGEES, &C. 



OF BAPTISMS, MARRIAGES, AND BURIALS, OF THE FRENCH* 



By a commission of his late Majesty William the IV. dated 
the 13th September 1836, certain commissioners were appointed 
for enquiring into and collecting " any such registers or records 
of births or baptisms, deaths or burials, and marriages lawfully 
solemnized, as had been theretofore or were then kept in Eng- 
land and Wales, other than the parochial registers and the 
copies thereof deposited with the diocesan registrars." This 
commission was continued on the accession of her present 
Majesty, and the commissioners accordingly collected nearly 
7,000 registers, among which were the registers of nearly all 
the French Protestant churches, which have been noticed in 
these pages, together with the registers of the French, Dutch, 
and German chapels royal, &c, &c. They are all now depo- 
sited in the Rolls Yard, Chancery Lane, London, under the 
custody of the registrar general of births, deaths, and mar- 
riages, and by an act of the 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 92. they 
are made receivable in evidence in all courts of law, and all 
extracts sealed with the seal of the registrar general are 
authentic, without any affidavit of examination with the original 
record. 



* The practice of the French church, of inserting the parentage of the 
parties baptized or married, with the maiden name of the mother, affords a 
most excellent means of tracing pedigrees, and makes these registers invaluable.. 



265 



APPENDIX 



The letters patent of King Edward VI., tested at Leigh, 24 
July 1550, (Rot. Pat. ito. Reg. part 5 J copied in Burnett's 
Hist, of the Reformation, vol. II., 202 — Records. 

Edwardus sextus Dei gratia Angliae, Franciee, Hibernian, Rex, 
Fidei Defensor, et in Terrae Ecclesiae Anglicanae et Hibernicae, 
supremum sub Christo Caput, omnibus ad quos presentes literse pre- 
venerint salutem. Cum magnae quaedam et graves considerationes 
nos ad presens specialiter impulerunt, turn etiam cogitantes illud, 
quanto studio et charitate Christianos Principes in Sacrosanctum 
Dei Evangelium et Religionem Apostolicam ab ipso Christo inchoa- 
tam institutam et traditam, animatos et propensos esse conveniat, 
sine qua haud dubie politia et civile regnum nee consistere diu, 
neq ; nomen suum tueri potest, nisi principes, caeteriq ; praepotentes 
viri, quos deus ad Regnorum gubernacula sedere voluit id in primis 
operam dent, ut per totum reipub ; Corpus, casta sinceraq ; Religio 
diffundatur et Ecclesia in vere Christianis et Apostolicis opiniobus 
et ritibus instituta, atq ; adulta per sanctos ac carni et mundo mor- 
tuos ministros conservetur : pro eo quod Christiani Principis offi- 
cium statuimus, inter alias suas gravissimas de Regno suo bene 
splendideq ; administrando cogitationes, etiam Religioni et Religio - 
nis causa calamitate fractis et afflictis exulibus consulere. SCIATIS 
quod non solum praemissa contemplantes et Ecclesiam a Papatus 
Tyrannide per nos vindicatam in pristina libertate conservare cupi- 
entes : verum etiam exulum ac peregrinorum conditionem miserantes 
qui jam bonis temporibus in Regno nostro Angliae commorati sunt 
voluntario exilio, Religionis et Ecclesiae causa mulctati : quia hos- 

l2 



266 

pites et exteros homines propter Christi Evangelium ex patria sua 
profligates et ejectos et in Regnum nostrum profugos, praesidiis ad 
vitam degendam necessariis in Regno nostro egere, non dignum 
esse neq ; Christiano homine, neq ; principis magnificentia duximus, 
cujus liberalitas nullo modo in tali rerum statu restricta, clausave 
esse debet. 

Ac quoniam multi Germans nationis homines, ac alii peregrini qui 
confluxerunt, et in dies singulos confluunt in regnum nostrum An- 
gliae, ex Germania et aliis remotioribus partibus, in quibus Papatus 
dominatur, Evangelii libertas labefactari et premi coepta est, non 
habent certam sedem et locum in regno nostro ubi conventus suos 
celebrare valeant, ubi inter suae gentis et moderni idiomatis homines 
religionis negotia et res Ecclesiasticas pro Patriae ritu et more intel- 
ligenter obire et tractare possint : idcirco de gratia nostra speciali, ae 
ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris, nee non de avisamento Con- 
cilii nostri volumus, concedimus et ordinamus quod de caetero fit et 
erit unum Templum, sive sacra aedes in Civitate nostra Londinensi, 
quod vel quae vocabitur templum Domini Jesu, ubi Congregatio et 
conventus Germanorum et aliorum peregrinorum fieri et celebrari 
possit, ea intentione et proposito, ut a Ministris Ecclesiae Germano- 
rum aliorumq ; peregrinorum Sacrosancti Evangelii incorrupta inter- 
pretatio, Sacramentorum juxta Verbum Dei et Apostolicam observa- 
tionem administratio fiat. Ac Templum illud, sive Sacram aedem 
illam de uno Superintendente et quatuor verbi ministris erigimus, 
creamus, ordinamus et fundamus per praesentes. Et quod idem Su- 
perintendens et ministri in re et nomine sint et erunt unum Corpus 
corporatum et politicum, de se per nomen Superintendentis et Min- 
istrorum Ecclesiae Germanorum et aliorum peregrinorum ex funda- 
tione regis Edwardi Sexti in Civitate Londinensi per praesentes incor- 
poramus : ac corpus corporatum et politicum per idem nomen realiter 
et ad plenum creamus, erigimus, ordinamus, facimus et constituimus 
per praesentes : et quod successionem habeant. 

Et ulterius de gratia nostra speciali, ac ex certa scientia et mero 
motu nostris, necnon de avisamento Concilii nostri dedimus et con- 
cessimus, ac per praesentes damus et concedimus praefato Superinten- 
denti et Ministris Ecclesiae Germanorum et aliorum peregrinorum in 
Civitate Londinensi, totum illud templum sive Ecclesiam nuperfra- 
tmm Augustinensium in Civitate nostra Londinensi, ac to tarn terram, 



267 

fundum et solum Ecclesiae praedictae, exceptis toto choro dictae Eccle- 
siae, terris fundo et solo ejusdem habendum et gaudendum, dictum 
Templum sive Ecclesiam ac caetera prcemissa, exceptis pre-exceptis, 
praefatis Superintendent! et Ministris et Successoribus suis, tenendum 
de nobis, haeredibus et Successoribus nostris in puram et liberam 
elyemosinam. 

Damus ulterius de avisamento praedicto, ac ex certa scientia et 
mero motu nostris praedictis per praesentes concedimus, praefatis 
Superintendenti ct Ministris et Successoribus suis plenam facultatem, 
potestatem et autoritatem ampliandi et majorem faciendi numerum 
ministrorum et nominandi et appunctuandi de tempore in tempus 
tales et hujusmodi subministros ad serviendum in Templo praedicto 
quales praefatis Superintendenti et Ministris necessarium visum fuerit. 
Et quidem haec omnia beneplacitum regium. 

Volumus praeterea, quod Joannes a Lasco, natione Polonus, homo- 
propter integritatem et innocentiam vitae, ac morum et singularem 
eruditionem valde caelebris, sit primus et modernus Superintendens 
dictae Ecclesiae, et quod Gualterus Deloenus, Martinus Flandrus, 
Franciscus Riverius, Richardus Gallus, sint quatuor primi et modern! 
ministri. Damus praeterea et concedimus praefatis Superintendenti 
et Ministris et Successoribus suis facultatem autoritatem et licentiam 
post mortem vel vacationem alicujus Ministri praedictorum, de tem- 
pore in tempus, elegendi, nominandi et surrogandi alium, personam 
habilem et idoneam in locum suum; ita tamen quod persona sic 
nominatus et electus praesentatur et sistatur coram nobis, haeredibus 
vel successoribus nostris et per nos haeredes vel succesores nostros 
instituatur in Ministerium praedictum. 

Damus etiam et concedimus praefatis Superintendenti Ministris et 
Successoribus suis facultatem autoritatem et licentiam post mortem 
vel vacationem Superintendentis de tempore in tempus eligendi nomi- 
nandi et surrogandi alium, personam doctam et gravem in locum 
suum ; ita tamen quod persona sic nominatus et electus praesentatur 
et sistatur coram nobis, haeredibus vel successoribus nostris et per 
nos haeredes vel successores nostros instituatur in Officium Superin- 
tendentis praedictum. 

Mandamus et firmater injungendum praecipimus, tarn Majori, Vice- 
comitibus et Aldermanis Civitatis Nostrae Londinensis et successo- 
ribus suis, cum omnibus aliis Archiepiscopis Episcopis, Justiciariis s 



268 

Officiariis et Ministris nostris quibuscunque, quod permittant prae- 
fatis Superintendent! et Ministris, et sua, suos libere et quiete frui, 
gaudere, uti, et exercere ritus et ceremonias suas proprias et Discipli- 
nam Ecclesiasticam propriam et peculiarem, non obstante quod non 
conveniant cum ritibus et Caeremoniis in Regno nostro usitatis, absq; 
impetitione perturbatione, aut inquietatione eorum, vel eorum alicujus, 
aliquo statuto, actu, proclamatione, injunctione, restrictione, seu usu, 
in contrarium inde antehac habitis, factis, editis, seu promulgatis, in 
contrarium non obstantibus. Eo quod expressa mentio de vero 
valore annuo, aut de certitudine praemissorum, sive eorum alicujus, 
aut de aliis donis sive concessionibus per nos prsefatis Superintendenti 
Ministris et Successoribus suis ante haec tempora factis, in praesen- 
tibus minime facta existit, aut aliquo statuto, actu, ordinatione, pro- 
visione, sive restrictione, inde in contrarium factis, editis, ordinatis, 
seu provisis, aut aliqua alia re, causa vel materia quacunq ; in aliquo 
non obstante. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri 
facimus Patentes. Teste meipso apud Leighes, vicessimo quarto die 
Julii, Anno Regni nostri quarto, per Breve de privato Sigillo et de 
datis praedicta Autoritate Parliamenti. 



R. Southwell. 



Un Harrys. 




SEAL OF THE LONDON DUTCH CHURCH. 



269 



" A true copy of the letters patents, granted by his Majesty 
to the French ministers, &c, lately come hither for shelter and 
protection." (1689.) 

James the second by the grace of God King of England, Scot- 
land, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. To all to whom 
these presents shall come, greeting. Whereas it hath been repre- 
sented to us by the humble petition of Benjamin Daillon, John Lewis 
Malide, Samuel Mettayer, Simon Canole, Henry Gervais, Timothy 
Baignoux, Charles Peter Sonchet, William Bardon, John Forent, 
and Bartholomew Balaguier, being all of them French ministers, 
making profession of the Protestant religion, that they, together 
with a great number of French Protestants of their communion, are 
fled for shelter into this our realm of England, and are now in and 
about our city of London and the suburbs thereof, of the truth 
whereof we are fully satisfied. And it hath been also represented to 
us that the aforesaid ministers cannot perform the office of their mi- 
nistry to such comfort and edification of those of the French Protes- 
tants which now do reside and daily come to reside in our said city 
of London and the suburbs thereof, as they much desire to do ; in 
regard a number of people being French Protestants, daily come out 
of their own country, amongst whom are many that were under the 
immediate care and charge of the said ministers where they lived and 
resided in France, and for that they are here destitute of, and want 
places for their assemblies in, and for matter of religious worship, and 
matters thereto relating, and because these places now used for the 
worship of God by those of the French nation, professing the Protes- 
tant religion, are not sufficient to contain those of their communion. 
And those French Protestants that lately have and daily do come over 
into this our realm of England, and do resort to our said city of Lon- 
don and the suburbs thereof : whereby many families and their descen- 
dants are not able to find that comfort and edification which they came 
to seek for in this our kingdom, and many others may be discouraged 
from putting themselves under our royal protection. And the afore- 
said ministers having humbly besought us that out of our royal grace 
towards strangers, we would please to grant them leave to exercise 
their ministry according to the manner as they did in France, con- 
formable to the confession of faith of their churches and liturgy and 



270 



discipline used amongst them, to the end that they may teach their 
people the fear of God, the honour and allegiance which is due to us 
in a christian and well ordered conversation : beseeching us likewise 
that for this end we would give them leave to build one or more 
church or churches, place or places of religious meeting or assem- 
bling within our city of London or suburbs of the same, wherein they 
may perform the said functions, and keep their consistories for the 
maintaining the order amongst them, and that in the mean time, till 
they can build such church or churches, place or places for religious 
meeting or assembling — they may be permitted to hire such place or 
places as they can find convenient for the use aforesaid, and after 
decease or other failure, of any of the aforesaid ministers, they may 
have leave to fill up their number of ten ministers, that themselves 
and their successors may acknowledge our royal bounty and continue 
to pray for the prosperity of us and our kingdoms ; which humble 
petition of the French ministers, we, of our royal bounty have grant- 
ed, and do hereby grant : Now know ye therefore that for the more 
and greater ease, comfort, and encouragement of the said French 
ministers and of those French Protestants that already have fled, or 
hereafter shall flee for shelter and protection to this our kingdom of 
England, and for the better enabling the said French ministers and 
their successors to perform and exeroise their ministerial office and 
functions, to and amongst their people, according as above desired. 
"We of our special grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, have 
willed, ordained, constituted, and granted, and by these presents for 
us and our heirs and successors, do will, ordain, constitute, and grant 
that the aforesaid French ministers, that is to say the said Benjamin 
de Daillon, John Lewis Malide, Samuel Mettayer, Simon Canole, 
Henry Gervais, Timothy Baignoux, Charles Peter Sonchet, William 
Bardon, John Forent, and Bartholomew Balaguier, and their succes- 
sors, ministers of the said French congregation of Protestants 
strangers from time to time, for ever hereafter be, and shall be, one 
body, politick and corporate of themselves in deed and name, by the 
name of the French ministers of the French congregation of Pro- 
testant strangers, in or about our city of London and suburbs thereof, 
of the foundation of King James the second, and we do by these pre- 
sents incorporate them by the name beforesaid, and really and fully 
create, erect, ordain, make, and constitute them a body, corporate 



271 

and politick, and that they have a perpetual succession, and shall and 
may exercise the functions of their ministry according to their man- 
ner used in France, conformable to their confession of faith, liturgy ■, 
and discipline, by themselves, heretofore in their country used and 
exercised ; and further, we of our special grace, certain knowledge, 
and meer motion, have given and granted, and by these presents for 
us, our heirs, and successors, do give and grant unto the said French 
ministers, Protestants, strangers, and their successors — special licence 
and free and lawful power and authority to have, purchase, and pos- 
sess for them and for their successors for ever, and for any term of 
years, life or lives, any land or ground whereupon to build one or 
more church or churches, place or places of worship, within this our 
city of London or suburbs thereof, wherein they may exercise their said 
functions and keep their consistories for the maintaining of order and 
the reforming of abuses, and that in the mean time it shall and may 
be lawful for them to hire such place or places as they shall judge 
convenient for the purposes aforesaid, the statute of Mortmain or 
any other statute and ordinance or provision heretofore had, made, 
set forth, ordained, or provided, or any other matter, cause, or thing 
whatsoever, to the contrary, in any wise notwithstanding. And 
further we have given and granted and by these presents we do give 
and grant unto all and every, the subject or subjects, whatsoever 
of us, our heirs, and successors — special licence and free and lawful 
power and authority that he, they, or any of them, shall and may 
give, grant, sell, or demise unto the said French ministers, strangers, 
and their successors for ever or for any term of years, life or lives 
any land or ground whereon to build one or more church or churches, 
place or places of worship within our city of London or suburbs of 
the same : and we do hereby for us our heirs and successors, will 
and grant to the said French Ministers, Protestants, strangers, and 
their successors, that they the said French ministers, Protestants, 
strangers, and. successors, shall, and may from time to time, for ever 
hereafter when and so often as any of the ministers of the said con- 
gregation shall happen to die or to remove from London aforesaid, 
and the suburbs thereof, or be removed from his office or offices, 
function or functions for any just or reasonable cause, according to 
the discipline heretofore used by the said French ministers in France, 
nominate, elect, choose, and establish, and we do hereby for us, our 



272 

heirs, and successors, give and grant unto the said French ministers, 
Protestants, strangers, and their successors, full power and authority 
to nominate, elect, choose, and establish some other person or persons 
in the room and rooms, place and places, of such of the said minis- 
ters, for the time being of the said congregation, as shall happen to 
die or remove, or be removed as aforesaid, to succeed them in the 
office or offices of minister or ministers of the said congregation, 
which person or persons, so from time to time, for ever hereafter to 
be chosen shall and may enjoy all and singular the powers, privi- 
leges, and immunities, by these presents granted or intended to be 
granted. And lastly, we require and command the Lord Mayor of 
our city of London, and the Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Justices of Peace 
there, and the Justices of Peace of our counties of Middlesex, and 
Surrey, and also all archbishops, bishops, and others, our officers and 
ministers, whatsoever, both ecclesiastical and civil, whom it may 
concern, that they do permit the aforesaid ministers and their succes- 
sors, quietly and peaceably to enjoy the effects of this our royal 
bounty, that so they may exercise their ministry amongst their own 
people, according to their own customs, ceremonies, and discipline, 
without let or disturbance, notwithstanding they are not conforma- 
ble to the customs, ceremonies, rites, and discipline of the Church of 
England, or any act, statute, proclamation, injunction, restriction, 
caution, ordinance, constitution, usage, or other matter, cause, or thing 
whatsoever, to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding. In witness 
whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patents. 
Witness ourself at Westminster, the 4th day of September, in the 
4th year of our reign. 

By Writ of Privy Seal, Piggott, 

Profine in hanaperio, £6. 13s. 4d. 

Cum Magno Anglise Sigillo 
Jeffrays, C. 
Pardonatur, Jeffrays, C. 



2/3 



CANTERBURY. 
A paper why those of the strangers' congregation in the 
parish of Holy Cross, be not charged for the English poor,— - 
(Circa, 1579. ) 

Imprimis. — The proscription of time. 
Because we are charged with our own poor, which are many in 

number, the charge of which is £30 monthly. 
Besides once a year clothing our poor. 
Last year by means of the plague we spent £50 a month. 
We are also charged with divers strangers, passing to and fro, from 

beyond sea. 
That this is a poor time, by reason of the plague in London, not 

being able to sell our merchandize. 
Many English failing in London, one is Mr. Thomas Mereton, by 

whom the congregation is like to lose £1500. 
Besides we are more extraordinary sessed than the English, for the 

King's ships, for the reparation of the church, for the musters. 
That in our parish are twenty-five householders, strangers, with fifty 

children, who are a charge to us, and if they were gone, poor 

English would dwell there. 
We put a hundred and fifty poore English to worke, as followeth-— » 

The names of the spinners of the parish of Holy Crosse : — " Goudy 

Fid, Anne Balcock, Goudy Apsley," (and thirty others ;) to each 

one of them as much wages as the others : some have 4s. a weeke* 



The articles granted to the French strangers by the mayor 
and aldermen of Canterbury were as follow. — (Somners Can- 
terbury, appx. xxxi.J 

Dignissimis Dominis Domino maiori et fratribus Consiliariis urbis 
Cantuariensis Salutem, 

Supplicant humilime extranii vestra libertate admissi in ista urbe 
Cantuariensi quat' velitis sequentes articulos illis concedere. 
Prior Articulus. 

Quia religionis amore (quam libera conscientia tenere percupiunt) 
patriam et propria bona reliquerunt, orant sibi liberum exercitium 
suae religionis permitti in hac urbe, quod ut fiat commodius sibi 

M 2 



274 

assignari templum et locum in quo poterint sepelire mortuos suos, 
Secundus Articulus. 

Et ne sub eorum umbra et titulo religionis profani et male morati 
homines sese in hanc urbem intromittant per quos tota societas male 
audiret apud cives vestros ; supplicant nemini liberam mansionem in 
hac urbe permitti nisi prius suss probitatis sufficiens testimonium 
nobis dederit. 

Tertius Articulus. 

Et ne inventus inculta maneat, requirant permissionem dari prse- 
ceptori quern secum adduxerunt instruendi Juvenes, turn eos quos 
secum adduxerunt, turn eos qui volunt linguam Gallicam discere. 
Quartns Articulus. 

Artes ad quas exercendas sunt vocati et in quibus laborare cupit 
tota societas sub vestro favore et protectione sunt Florence, Serges, 
Bombasine, D of Ascot Serges &c, of Orleance, Frotz, Silkwever, 
Mouquade, Mauntes, Bages &c. Stofe Mouquades. 

Nomina Supplicantium sunt 
Hector Hamon, Minister verbi Dei. Vincentius Primont Institutor 
Juventutis. Egidius Cousin Magister operum et conductor totius 
Congregationis in opera. 



Mishel Cousin. 
Jacobus Querin. 
Petrus du Bosc 
Johannes de la Forterye. 
Noel Lestene. 
Nicolaus Dubuisson. 
Antonius du Verdier. 



Phillippus de Miez. 
Robertus Javelin. 
Johannes le Pelu. 
Petrus Desportes. 
Jacobus Boudet. 
Tres Viduse. 



A coppye of the articles of agreement by the mayor and the 
magistrates of Canterbury with the strangers coming over for 
Refuge, under their protection. — 15 fDrij.J 1574. 

1 . In primis, they shall have full and free exercise of theire reli- 
gion, as all other congregations of this realme have, with competent 
church for their assemblies. 

2. Secondly, they shall have suer dwelling, without being con- 
strained to depart, without the only commandment of Her Majesty 
or of her council, and may hyer houses for such tearme as they shall 
think fit. 



275 

3. Thirdly, they shall have liberty to mark bayes, stamels, and 
cloath, after the Flanders fashion, with a sufficient house to keepe 
them to viewe them and to seale them, and also to die them of all 
collers, also to by such woole as shall bee fit for their occupation in 
the cuntery and other places of the realme, and also to by and sell, 
one to another, stufes belonging to their sayd trades, with like liberty 
as those of Sandwidge. Provided that they shall not make cloath 
or kersies, such as the English doe make at this present. 

4. Item, that they may make all sortes of leases and buttons, as 
well of silke as jarsey, and also all sorts of works as may be wrought 
with the sheckell, as well with lowe sleyes as with high sleyes, as 
ocation shall be offered, and likewise to sell, one to another, the 
stuffs thereunto belongenge. 

5. Item, that they may sell all sort of merchandizes, made by 
them to sell, in gross and not by retaile, — also they may transporte 
them out of the realme, paienge the dueties, as others doe. 

6. Item, that they may have a post with horse or waggons to carry 
and recarry their wares, as well to London as elsewheare, for to sell 
theare or cause them to be sould, without interuption by the waie or 
other the said places. 

7. Item, that they maie have a place among themselves to receave 
and lodge the poore strangers passing and travellinge w ch have not 
meanes to resort unto the inns. 

To the foregoing articles Mr. Bunce in his printed minutes 
adds the following, — 

That they should not be further taxed than the English inhabiting 
within the city, by any imposition. 

That they should have some among them to bake the bread of those 
that had no means, or could not do it themselves. 

That they should have some among them to make their cloaths 
and amend sheir shoes. 

That they should have others to make all such things as belonged 
and appertained to their trades, as carpenters, tanners, joiners, and 
lockers. 

That they should have one to bake and dress their meats, and to 
sell them to the strangers that should have need thereof. 

That they should have persons among them authorized by the 



276 

magistrates for to watch and have oversight of the poor widows and 
orphans, and other disorders and controversies that might happen, to 
the end that the magistrate might not be troubled in those affairs.* 

That all the aforesaid articles should be ratified by the magistrate 
under the seal of the city. 

.And that if at any time to come, any thing should be wanting 
unto them they should be aided and succoured by the magistrate, as 
far as right and equity should extend. 

These articles originally written in the Dutch language and tran- 
slated into English, were signed by the mayor, Mr. Alderman 
Alcocke, and John Boys, Esq. on the part of the citizens. 



A list of 33 French ministers in London who signed a letter 
dated 2nd August 1690, with the places in France from which 
they came, is to be found in Zion College Library, S. 6, 29. 



" The names of those which are of the Italian church being 
borne in Flanders and other places under the domynyon of 
the King of Spaine" are to be found in the Lansdown 
MSS. X. No. 61. 



The names of all (and singular) Frenchmen, Flemyngs, and 
Wallounes, within her Ma ties town of Rie, taken before John 
Sharpe Maior of the said, Edward Middleton, May r of her 
Ma ties town of Winchelsey, and Thomas Wilford, Esquier, 
Capt n of her castil of the camber in the towne-hall of Rie 
aforesaid, the xxviijth daie of Marche, in the eleventh yere of 
her Higheness reign, A 0, D m< 1569. — Cottonian MSS., 
Galba, C. 3. p. 258. 

MINISTERS. 

Mons r - St. Parole of Depe. 
Mons r> Hector Harmon of Bacavile 
Mons n Jacob Caref of Ponteau 
Mons r ' Nic s Tellier of Rue 
Mons r# Tousainth of Paure 

* This was no doubt the authority under which Les Hommes Politiques 
were appointed. 



277 



OF ROAN, 

Mons r Denvermeall, Mons r Delaplace, Nic Dansye, William 
Synnchon, Anthoine Dehayes, John Torsie. — Then follow the names 
of 72 persons. 

This return (obtained by a nightly search) was accompanied 
by a letter from the mayor of Rye, stating among other things 
that 

" there is no continuallye dwellinge here in Rie above the number 
of fyftie men, beside ther wifes and children, and they verie quietlie 
and orderlie use themselves." 




-SEAL OF THE FRENCH HOSPITAL. 



2m2 



INDEX. 



A. 

Acts of Parliament relating to the 
Refugees, 2, 60, 154. 

Alasco, Jean, 2, 25. 

Alva, Duke of, 4. 

Appendix, 265. 

Apprentices London, Insurrection, 
10, 19. 

Artillerie (de 1') Church, Minis- 
ters, Registers, rules for disci- 
pline, M. Bourdillon's Sermon 
at, 159,-162. 

Austin Friars Church, given to the 
Strangers, 3, 25, 26, and see Lon- 
don Dutch Church. 

B. 

Barnstaple French Church, 131. 

Beggars prohibited, 20. 

Bell Lane Chapel, 175. 

Belgic German Church, see Dutch 

Church. 
Belgians and Flemings, driven to 

England, 4. 
BerwickStreetChapel,Register, 141 . 
Bideford French Clmrch, 132. 
Blackfriars French Church, 181. 
Bombazins, 197- 
Botu-dillon, Rev. Jacob, his Sermon, 

account of French Churches, 162. 
Brewers' Hall, 153. 
Bristol French Church, Ministers, 

Registers, 123. 
Bucer, 2, 3, 205. 
Buckingham House, City, a French 



Chapel, 154. 
Bulteel's "Troubles in Kent," 40. 
Bunce's collections for Canterbury, 

273. 



Calico Printing, 259. 

Cambric, 260. 

Canterbury French Church, use 
the "Undercroft, articles granted 
by the City, Weavers' Company 
chartered, order in Council 1613, 
train bands, seal for cloths, pro- 
perty of, Ministers,Registers, 38 
—46. 

Canterbury, Uniform Church, Re- 
gister, 52. 

Canvey Island, Dutch Chapel, 220. 

Castle Street Chapel, 151. 

Chapel Royal, French, 173. 
Dutch, 222. 
,, German, 235. 

Charenton, La, Chapel, 142. 

Charles I., warrant of, 14. 

Charles II., 20. 

Charlestown, Refugees at, 19. 

Chelsea, French Church, 119. 

Chapels, fifteen erected in 1687, 21. 

Clocks, 258. 

Coaches introduced, 188. 

Coinage improved, 262. 

Colchester Dutch Church, letter to 
Privy Council, employment of 
poor, Letters Patent 1612, Bay 
Hall, seal counterfeited, Act 12, 



280 



Car. II., curious Chapel, Minis- 
ters, Dissolution, 208, — 214. 

Colloques, 28. 

Corporation of 1689, 134. 

Comite laic, appointed, 22. 
,, Ecclesiastique, 22. 

Crispin St., Chapel, 173. 

D. 

Dartmouth French Church, 131. 
Dean Street Chapel, 145. 
Dover French Church, 97. 

„ Dutch Church, 220. 
Draining, 261. 
Durham House Chapel, 108. 
Dutch in England, temp. Edward 

III., 5 
Dutch, names of, in 1568, 7. 

„ Church, see London. 

„ Chapel Royal, 222. 
Dyeing introduced, 258. 

E. 

Easterlings, see Flemings. 

Ecole, L', Francaise, 184. 

Edinburgh, Refugees at, 19. 

Edw. YI. Charter of 1550, 3, 265, 
his Diary, 3. 

Elizabeth, Queen, protection to Re- 
fugees, 3, 64. 

„ at Southampton, 

88. 

„ at Norwich, 69. 

„ at Sandwich, 206. 

England, Cloth "Weaving driven 
there, 4. 

Exeter French Church, 129. 

,, Gobelin, Tapestry made at, 
130. 



Faversham French Church, 98. 

Fishing 216 

Flemings, teach various trades., be- 



headed, burnt, refine the coinage, 
190, 262. 
Flowers introduced, 196. 
Foreigners, use of, in State mat- 
ters, 11. 
Foreigners, searches for, 6, 69. 
Foreigners, insurrection against, 10, 

12, 64, 72. 
Foreigners, list of, 10. 

their subscription, 11. 
made denizens, 18. 
invitation to, 21. 
Briefs, &c. for, 21, 18. 
in America, &c, 19. 
in Germany, 19, 250. 
leave England for Hol- 
land, 71. 
Foreigners take up arms, 30. 
France, persecution in 1549, 3. 
1568, 5. 
1572, 8. 
1685, 17. 
„ 1748, 23. 

French Chapels, M. Bourdillon's 
account of, 163. 

G. 

Gastigny, James de, 181. 

George I. Letters Patent for French 

Hospital, 18. 
George II. Warrant for £8,591, 22. 
German Church, see London Dutch 
„ Lutheran Chapel Royal, 
235. 
German, St. Mary's, Savoy, 238. 
„ St. George's 240. 

Reformed, 240. 
„ Trinity Lane, 237. 
Germany, Refugees in, 19, 250. 
Glastonbury French Church, order 
in Council, V. Pollanus at, anci- 
ent dish, 90—94. 
Glass House Street Chapel, 138, 
Glover's Hall Chapel, 168, 



281 



Grecs, (Les,) Church, Hogarth's 
Picture of, property of, Regis- 
ters, Ministers, new Church, 113. 

Greek Church, Greek Royal de- 
scendants, curious inscription, 
result of enquiries respecting, 
230. 

Greenwich French Church, Minis- 
ters, glass making there, 116 

Grindall, Bishop, Superintendant of 
Foreign Churches, 188, his care 
of the French Churches, 29. 

H. 

Halstead, Dutch Bay makers at, 
214. 

Hamstedius, excommunicated, 188. 

Hammersmith French Church, 119. 

Hats, manufacture of, 257. 

Heads, taken off London Bridge, 
262. 

Hopital, L', Eglise, de, 178 ; Cor- 
poration of, 181 ; called La Pro- 
vidence, 86 ; Letters Patent, the 
Chapel, Chaplains, Governors, and 
Directors, 181, Seal, 277 ; Hun- 
nigen, Baron, gives £4,000 to, 86. 

Hoxton French Chapel, 164. 

Hungerford French Chapel, Minis-. 
ters, Register, 147. 



Ireland, Refugees in, 247. 

Italian Church, Minister deposed, 
names of Congregation, dissolu- 
tion of, Ministers, 225—229. 

James L, 14, 20, 

James II., 20, 21. 

Jean, St., French Church of, Min- 
isters, Registers, 165. 

K. 

King, Bishop, his order, 1615, 191. 
Kentish Churches, 40. 



L. 

Laud's Injunction to the French 
Churches, 15. 

Leicester Fields French Chapel, 
Letters Patent for, Seal of Cor- 
poration, Registers, Ministers, 
Epigram on Rival, 134. 

Letters Patent, relating to the Re- 
fugees, &c, 21, 39, 61, 134, 211, 
216. 

London, Walloon, or French Church, 
Hospital of St. Anthony, burnt 
at Fire of London, pulled down, 
1841 ; New Church, view of, be- 
quests to, Ministers, Registers, 
Seal, 24—37. Charter in 1550, 
see Appendix 

Dutch, or German Church, have 
the Church of Austin Friars, Let- 
ters Patent, list of Congregation 
Congregation threatened, A'Las- 
co, Superintendant, order in 
Council, Simeon Ruytinck's 
Journal, letter of Council 1574, 
Ministers, Registers, Burials in 
the Church, 185,-193. 
Bishop of, and Lord Mayor, 
speeches to, cups presented to, 30, 

Lynn, Mockados made at, 68. 

M. 

Maidstone Dutch Church, names 
of the Congregation, the Thread 
Trade, curious letter, 202. 

Manufactures introduced into Eng- 
land, 252. 

Marriages at Canterbury, 48. 
,, Norwich, 76. 

Martin's Lane French Chapel, Act 
of Parliament for, Ministers, Re- 
gisters, 153. 

Mary, Queen, her secret gift to the 
French Refugees, 168. 

Marylebone French Chapel, 153. 



282 



Ministers, French, in 1690, see Ap- 
pendix. 

Ministers, French, in 1782, 163. 
„ List of, 20. 

N. 

Nantes, Edict of, 12. 
,, Revocation, 17. 

Needles, made at Norwich, 208. 

New York, Refugees at, 19. 

Neuve, L'Eglise, Royal Warrant 
for, the Register, 178. 

Norwich French Church, invitation 
to Refugees, Letters Patent, rules 
for Trade, Cloths Sealed, Conspi- 
racy against Refugees, Queen's 
Letter to City, Order in Council, 
inquisition as to Foreigners, Rock 
spun Yarn, Anabaptists at, Arti- 
cles of faith subscribed, Queen's 
visit, the Artisans Pageant, 
insurrection against Foreign- 
ers, Cromwell confirms the privi- 
leges, property of Congregation, 
Chancery Suit respecting, Regis- 
ters, resolutions respecting witch- 
craft, Ministers, 61 — 77. 

Butch Church, Letters Patent, Min- 
isters, decree 1571, the book of the 
drapery, Queen's visit 1578, ora- 
tion and cup presented, distur- 
bance 1613, attempt other Trades, 
Order in Council, brass dish at 
St. Paul's, Ministers, Register, 
196—202, 

Norwich, Thomas Bonnell, Mayor 
of, 197. 

Norfolk and Suffolk, Refugees leave 
for Holland, 71 ; Elisha Philiippo 
High Sheriff, 72. 

O. 

Ox-tail soup introduced, 258. 



Paper, Manufacture introduced, 
Poem on, 262, 

Parchmentiers at Norwich, 208. 

Paternoster Row, Spital Fields Cha- 
pel, 168. 

Patente, La, Soho, French Chapel, 
149. 

Patente, La, Spitalflelds, origin of, 
muniments belonging to, Regis- 
ters, 168. 

Pembroke's, Earl of, Congregation 
at, 108. 

Perle St., French Chapel, 175. 

PesfHouse,^181. 

Petticoat Lane French Chapel, 159, 
179. 

Pin making, 259. 

Plague at Canterbury, 47. 
,, Sandwich, 58. 
„ Southampton, 82—88. 
„ Norwich, 201, 

Plymouth French Church, 125. 

Pollanus, or Pullen, V., 93 ; pub- 
lished the Liturgy, 92, 

Politiques, LesHommes, 49, 52, 68, 
276. 

Printing, 197. 

Pro-visions cheap in 1568, 5. 

Prussia, Refugees in, 19, 250, 

Punning Seal of the Norwich Man- 
ufacturers, Title Page. 

Pyramide, La, French Chapel, 143. 

Q. 

Quarre, Le, French Chapel, 145. 

R. 

Rebow, Sir Isaac, 215. 
Recognizance, form of, 139. 
Refugees, see Foreigners. 
Registers of French Chapels, 139 ; 

where now deposited, 264. 
Riders Coiu-t French Chapel, 152. 



283 



Rival, Epigram on, 136.- 
Rouen, English Refugees at, 18. 
Royal Chapels, see Chapels. 
Ruytinck, Simeon, his Journal, 194. 
Rye Erench Church* 94. 

,, Colloque at, 96. 

„ Refugees at, 95, 276. 

' S. 

Sackcloth, made at Norwich, 268. 

Sailcloth, 258.. 

Sanchvich French Church, Arch- 
bishop Parker's account of, curi- 
ous book of accounts, Settlers at, 
54. 

Dutch Church, Letters Patent, 
Queen's visit, water sports at, 
the earliest Settlement, fifty per- 
sons emigrate to Colchester, 205 
—208. 

Savoy, Erench Church, 109. 
„ the little, 137. 

Sandtoft Erench Church, Sir C.Ver- 
muyden, list of Settlers, Drain- 
age of the Levels, destruction of 
the Chapel, Ministers, Register, 
Bible, 101—108. 

School, French, 184. 

Seal of Dutch Church, 268. 
„ Erench Church, 31. 
j, „ Hospital 277. 

„ Norwich, Title Page, 
„ Corporation of 1689, 134. 

Ship broking, 262. 

Shoemakers, 9. 

Southampton, Erench Church, the 
curious Register, Maison Dieu, 
the Plague, Earthquake, 1580, 
Comet, 1581, Spanish Armada, 
Queen Elizabeth's visit, Minis- 
ters, 80—89. 

Southwark inhabited by Foreign ers, 
12. 

Somerset House Chapel, 108. 



Spanish Church, the Preachers, 224. 

Spitalhelds, Erench in, 18. 

Spring Garden Erench Chapel, 137. 

Stamford Dutch Church, Articles 
of Government, then- Hall, 218. 

St. Bartholomew's Day, massacre, 
8, 88. 

St. Catherine's Parish inhabited by 
Foreigners, 6. 

Stonehouse, Erench Church, 127. 

Starching introduced, 189. 

Strangers, see Foreigners; 

Superintendant of Foreign Church- 
es, 29. 

Swan Fields French Chapel, 176. 

Swiss Church, colours presented to. 
Congregation, Ministers, &c, 233 

Swallow Street, Erench Chapel, 139. 

Synods, 28. 



Tabernacle, Du, French Chapel, 

147. 
Tapestry, 260. 
Temple, Le, Soho, French Chapel, 

149. 
Thetford, Dutch Church, 219. 
Thomey Abbey, Erench Church, 99. 
Thorpe le Soken, Essex, French 

Church, 121. 
Trades, 252. 

Tremblade, La, Erench Chapel, 143. 
Tryon, Peter, a rich Refugee, 197- 



Vegetables introduced, 257. 

W> 

Walloons, 4. 

"Wandsworth, French Church at, 
Manufacture of Hats and Culi- 
nary Vessels, 117. 

Wapping, French Chapel, 180. 

Waterworks, 261. 






284 



West Street, Trench Chapel, 143. 

"Wheeler Street, French Chapel, 176 

Whittlesey, French Church, 98. 

William III., invitation to Protes* 
tant Foreigners, 21 ; His Speech, 
1695, 21 ; stands Godfather at a 
French Chapel, 140. 

Winchelsea, French Church, 96. 



Yarmouth, Dutch Church, Fishing 



Trade, Queen's Licence, Order 
for Government, the Chapel, 2l6> 

APPENDIX; 

Charter of Edward VI. 
Letters Patent in 1689. 
Petition to Mayor of Canterbury k 
List of Refugees at Eye. 
List of French Ministers. 



FINIS. 



BLACKET, PRINTER, NEWBURY. 



